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新藥誘導(dǎo)后自體干細(xì)胞移植鞏固治療對(duì)不同危險(xiǎn)度骨髓瘤患者的作用探討*

2015-09-08 07:38:52莉曾添美傅衛(wèi)軍張春陽(yáng)
中國(guó)腫瘤臨床 2015年1期
關(guān)鍵詞:危組骨髓瘤新藥

周 莉 莉曾添美 奚 昊 傅衛(wèi)軍 杜 鵑 張春陽(yáng) 姜 華 侯 健

·論著·

新藥誘導(dǎo)后自體干細(xì)胞移植鞏固治療對(duì)不同危險(xiǎn)度骨髓瘤患者的作用探討*

周莉莉曾添美奚昊傅衛(wèi)軍杜鵑張春陽(yáng)姜華侯健

目的:探討自體造血干細(xì)胞移植(autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,ASCT)作為新藥誘導(dǎo)后的鞏固治療對(duì)不同危險(xiǎn)分層骨髓瘤患者的無(wú)進(jìn)展生存時(shí)間(progression-free survival,PFS)及總生存時(shí)間(overall survival,OS)的影響。方法:回顧性分析2006年8月至2011年7月在本科行自體干細(xì)胞移植鞏固治療的67例多發(fā)性骨髓瘤患者,根據(jù)ISS分期及FISH檢測(cè)結(jié)果為基礎(chǔ)的最新IMWG預(yù)后標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分為高危組17例,中危組24例,低危組26例。另選取同時(shí)期67例接受化療作為鞏固治療的骨髓瘤患者進(jìn)行年齡、危險(xiǎn)分層配對(duì),比較移植組與化療組的PFS和OS差異。所有患者前期均接受硼替佐米和/或沙利度胺為主的誘導(dǎo)治療。結(jié)果:所有患者誘導(dǎo)治療后均達(dá)到部分緩解(partial remissive disease,PR)以上療效,移植組與化療組vs.接近完全緩解率(nCR/CR)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(44.8%vs.37.3%,P=0.380)。鞏固治療后,高、中、低危移植組患者中位nCR/CR率分別由47.1%,37.5%,50.0%增加為62.9%,62.5%,61.5%。高?;颊咭浦察柟毯笾形籔FS(30.5個(gè)月vs.11.2月,P<0.001)和OS(85.5 vs.34個(gè)月,P=0.015)均明顯延長(zhǎng);中危移植組和化療組中位PFS和OS無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05);低危移植組患者與化療組相比,中位PFS延長(zhǎng)(34.8 vs.17.6個(gè)月,P=0.012),OS差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:在硼替佐米和/或沙利度胺為基礎(chǔ)的新藥誘導(dǎo)治療后,高危骨髓瘤患者更能從自體造血干細(xì)胞移植鞏固治療中獲益,進(jìn)而延長(zhǎng)生存。

多發(fā)性骨髓瘤自體造血干細(xì)胞移植細(xì)胞遺傳學(xué)

Correspondence to:Jian HOU;E-mail:houjian@medmail.com.cn

Department of Hematology,Myeloma&Lymphoma Center,Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University,Shanghai,China

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81172248 and 81001050)and the Yangtze River Delta Project of Tackling Key Problems of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.12495810500)

1 材料與方法

1.1研究對(duì)象

回顧性分析2006年8月至2011年7月在第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)征醫(yī)院血液科接受自體造血干細(xì)胞移植的67例多發(fā)性骨髓瘤患者。按照IMWG最新預(yù)后標(biāo)準(zhǔn):高危:ISS分期Ⅱ~Ⅲ期,伴有t(4;14)易位或/ 17p13缺失;中危:ISSⅡ~Ⅲ,無(wú)不良預(yù)后FISH,或ISSⅠ期伴有t(4;14)或17p13缺失;低危:ISSⅠ/Ⅱ不伴不良FISH[4]。按年齡、性別及危險(xiǎn)分層進(jìn)行配對(duì),年齡選擇與配對(duì)病例相差5歲以內(nèi),病例數(shù)及性別按1:1配對(duì)。共納入67例化療鞏固患者作為對(duì)照,移植組和化療組分別包括高危患者17例,中?;颊?4例,低?;颊?6例。所有患者前期均接受4~6個(gè)療程硼替佐米和/或沙利度胺為基礎(chǔ)的誘導(dǎo)治療,且療效均在PR(部分緩解)及以上。兩組患者在年齡、性別、疾病分型、最佳療效及危險(xiǎn)分層上均差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,具體臨床資料見(jiàn)表1。

表1 不同危險(xiǎn)度患者一般情況比較Table 1 General conditions of patients in autologous stem cell transplantation and chemotherapy groups with different risks

1.2誘導(dǎo)方案及療效評(píng)估

根據(jù)患者經(jīng)濟(jì)水平及一般狀態(tài),選擇以硼替佐米和/或沙利度胺為主的聯(lián)合化療方案,主要方案包括:PAD(硼替佐米1.75 mg/d d1,4,8,11,阿霉素10 mg d1~4,地塞米松20 mg d1~4,8,11),TAD(沙利度胺75~150 mg/日,阿霉素10 mg d1~4,地塞米松20 mg d1~4),根據(jù)不良反應(yīng)適度調(diào)整方案及劑量。各組誘導(dǎo)治療及最佳療效均差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。每?jī)蓚€(gè)療程按IMWG標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)估療效[5]。

1.3熒光原位雜交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,F(xiàn)ISH)檢測(cè)

FISH檢測(cè)包含17p-、13q-、1q21+、t(4;14)、t (11;14)、t(14;16)在內(nèi)的遺傳學(xué)異常。留取MM患者治療前骨髓20 mL,提取單個(gè)核細(xì)胞,采用免疫磁珠分選CD138陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞。利用離心涂片機(jī)將分選細(xì)胞涂片,IgH探針、D13S319探針、P53探針及1q21探針購(gòu)自北京金菩嘉公司,t(11;14)探針、t(4;14)探針、t(14;16)探針購(gòu)自美國(guó)Vysis公司。雜交后在熒光顯微鏡下觀察計(jì)數(shù)。參考值確立采用10例非血液系統(tǒng)疾病患者骨髓標(biāo)本,范圍設(shè)定為正常骨髓標(biāo)本所觀察到異常細(xì)胞數(shù)占總細(xì)胞數(shù)比例的均值±3個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(分界值=X±3S)。

1.4研究終點(diǎn)

無(wú)進(jìn)展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)及總生存期(overall survival,OS)。其中無(wú)進(jìn)展生存期定義為鞏固治療開(kāi)始至疾病進(jìn)展或死亡的時(shí)間[5]。

1.5統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,多組均值比較采用方差分析,兩組間率的比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),多組率的比較R×C表卡方檢驗(yàn),生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法。P<0.05為具有顯著性差異。

2 結(jié)果

2.1新藥誘導(dǎo)后移植組和化療組最佳療效比較

移植組及化療組共134例患者,均接受4~6個(gè)療程的以硼替佐米和/或沙利度胺為基礎(chǔ)的誘導(dǎo)治療,誘導(dǎo)后均達(dá)到PR及以上療效,總nCR/CR為38.1%(51/134)。鞏固治療前,移植組及化療組患者總體的年齡、性別、誘導(dǎo)治療、IgA型比例及最佳療效均無(wú)顯著差異,nCR/CR率分別為移植組37.3%,化療組47.8%(P=0.380)。不同危險(xiǎn)分層亞組之間最佳療效差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(表1)。

2.2鞏固治療后不同危險(xiǎn)分層移植組與化療組最佳療效比較

移植組中,12例治療前療效評(píng)估PR/VGPR的患者,經(jīng)過(guò)ASCT鞏固治療后進(jìn)一步達(dá)到nCR/CR,總體nCR/ CR率由誘導(dǎo)后的44.8%進(jìn)一步升為65.6%。亞組分析顯示,高危組nCR/CR率由移植前的47.1%增至移植后的62.9%,中危組由37.5%增至62.5%,低危組由50.0%增為61.5%,不同危險(xiǎn)分層的移植患者最佳療效均在鞏固治療后獲得進(jìn)一步提高,而化療組鞏固治療前后最佳療效則差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。

2.3鞏固治療后移植組及化療組患者生存比較

中位隨訪30.6個(gè)月,移植組與化療組相比,患者總體PFS(32.4個(gè)月vs.15.1個(gè)月,P<0.001)及OS(58.8個(gè)月vs.42.1個(gè)月,P=0.009)明顯延長(zhǎng)。亞組分析進(jìn)一步顯示,高危移植組患者比高?;熃M患者中位PFS(30.5個(gè)月vs.11.2個(gè)月,P<0.001)及OS(85.5個(gè)月vs.34.0個(gè)月,P=0.015)均明顯延長(zhǎng)(圖1);中危移植組患者與中危化療組患者中位PFS(25.7個(gè)月vs.15.1個(gè)月,P=0.05)和OS(54.0個(gè)月vs.42.1個(gè)月,P= 0.932)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(圖2);低危移植組患者與化療組患者相比,中位PFS(34.8個(gè)月vs.17.6個(gè)月,P= 0.012)延長(zhǎng),而OS無(wú)顯著性差異(P=0.069,圖3)。

圖1 高危移植組與化療組PFS及OS比較Figure 1 Progression-free survival and overall survival of high-risk patients in autologous stem cell transplantation and chemotherapy groups

圖2 中危移植組與化療組PFS及OS比較Figure 2 Progression-free survival and overall survival of intermediate-risk patients in autologous stem cell transplantation and chemotherapy groups

圖3 低危移植組與化療組PFS及OS比較Figure 3 Progression-free survival and overall survival of low-risk patients in autologous stem cell transplantation and chemotherapy groups

3 討論

自體干細(xì)胞移植(ASCT)是年輕多發(fā)性骨髓瘤患者的一線治療,全球多個(gè)臨床隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)已經(jīng)證實(shí),ASCT能改善患者生存,延長(zhǎng)PFS[5]。近年來(lái),隨著遺傳學(xué)分層對(duì)預(yù)后及治療的指導(dǎo),以及新藥在臨床的廣泛應(yīng)用,MM患者的生存獲得極大改善,包括ASCT在內(nèi)的傳統(tǒng)治療方案組合有了新的選擇,新藥誘導(dǎo)后序貫ASCT的多項(xiàng)臨床研究提示CR率為33%~61%,3年P(guān)FS為50~69個(gè)月,3年OS可達(dá)72~85個(gè)月[6-11]。從TT1到TT3研究的最新隨訪結(jié)果均表明:加入新藥的誘導(dǎo)及維持在以ASCT為鞏固的MM患者中有更高的CR率,并顯著延長(zhǎng)PFS及OS[12],因此目前聯(lián)合化療后的ASCT仍為MM治療的最佳策略。

但是在不適合移植的MM患者中,新藥誘導(dǎo)序貫新藥?kù)柟痰难芯恳诧@示了相似的CR率及生存優(yōu)勢(shì)。Palumbo等[13]報(bào)道了在不適合移植的老年患者中,MP聯(lián)合反應(yīng)停的治療(MPT)能使兩年P(guān)FS達(dá)43%,3年OS也達(dá)50%。一篇綜合6項(xiàng)隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)的Meta分析結(jié)果表明:較之MP方案,MPT方案更能使患者生存獲益(HR=0.83,95%CI為0.73~0.94),P=0.004),中位OS可延長(zhǎng)約6.6個(gè)月,中位PFS可延長(zhǎng)約5.4個(gè)月[14]。新藥治療在不適合移植的患者中的生存優(yōu)勢(shì)促使我們思考即使在適合移植的患者中,ASCT是否仍然對(duì)所有患者均有益。

隨著對(duì)MM細(xì)胞遺傳學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)的深入,目前對(duì)患者預(yù)后的評(píng)估不再僅僅依賴于ISS分期。Mayo中心的mSMART預(yù)后評(píng)估系統(tǒng)[14]基于蛋白酶體抑制劑及免疫調(diào)節(jié)劑的廣泛應(yīng)用而建立,具有臨床指導(dǎo)意義。IMWG對(duì)2 637例大樣本臨床MM患者的研究中應(yīng)用了最新預(yù)后分層體系:高危:ISS分期Ⅱ~Ⅲ期,伴有t (4;14)易位或/17p13缺失;中危:ISSⅡ~Ⅲ,無(wú)不良預(yù)后FISH,或ISSⅠ期伴有t(4;14)或17p13缺失;低危:ISSⅠ/Ⅱ不伴不良FISH[4]。結(jié)果不同危險(xiǎn)分層患者的中位OS具有顯著性差異,分別為高危組2年,中危組7年,低危組>10年,該危險(xiǎn)分層對(duì)預(yù)后具有良好的提示作用[15-18]。

本研究基于IMWG最新的預(yù)后分層,比較硼替佐米及沙利度胺誘導(dǎo)后,ASCT對(duì)不同危險(xiǎn)分層MM患者生存的作用。研究結(jié)果表明,在以硼替佐米和沙利度胺為主的方案誘導(dǎo)后,ASCT可延長(zhǎng)低危MM患者PFS,但對(duì)OS無(wú)顯著影響;同樣,在中?;颊?,ASCT 對(duì)PFS和OS的改善無(wú)明顯優(yōu)勢(shì);而在高?;颊咧校珹SCT組比化療組患者的PFS延長(zhǎng)近20個(gè)月,OS也有顯著改善,盡管隨訪時(shí)間還較短,已經(jīng)顯示出不同危險(xiǎn)分層患者獲益不同,高危MM患者可從ASCT中獲益更多,能夠改善長(zhǎng)期生存和預(yù)后。該研究進(jìn)一步證實(shí)MM是一種異質(zhì)性腫瘤,早期更精細(xì)的分子及遺傳學(xué)分層對(duì)于臨床治療選擇,尤其是新藥誘導(dǎo)治療后鞏固方案的選擇具有重要的意義。對(duì)于ISS分期Ⅰ期不伴有FISH高危結(jié)果的患者,可以選擇以新藥為基礎(chǔ)的治療,ASCT可不作為一線治療,而更多地考慮在疾病進(jìn)展或復(fù)發(fā)時(shí)進(jìn)行。而對(duì)于ISS分期Ⅱ/Ⅲ期并伴有FISH高危的患者,應(yīng)在誘導(dǎo)緩解后盡快行ASCT鞏固,以提高PFS及OS。本研究表明,高?;颊邚腁SCT鞏固治療中獲益最多,未來(lái)需要建立前瞻性、大樣本的研究,并延長(zhǎng)隨訪時(shí)間來(lái)進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。

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(2014-10-30收稿)

(2014-12-30修回)

(編輯:楊紅欣)

周莉莉?qū)I(yè)方向?yàn)楣撬枇?、淋巴瘤等疾病的診斷與治療。

E-mail:silencelily@163.com

Benefit of autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma patients at different risks after bortezomib-and/or thalidomide-based induction therapies

Lili ZHOU,Tianmei ZENG,Hao XI,Weijun FU,Juan DU,Chunyang ZHANG,Hua JIANG,Jian HOU

Objective:To evaluate the benefit of autologous stem cell transplantation(ASCT)as a consolidation therapy in the survival of multiple myeloma(MM)patients at different risks.Methods:A total of 67 MM patients who received ASCT as consolidation therapy between August 2006 and July 2011 were enrolled in the retrospective study.The cases were divided into three risk groups on the basis of the International Staging System and fluorescence in situ hybridization.Another 67 patients who accepted consolidation chemotherapy at the same period were selected as case-paired controls matched in terms of age,sex,optimal response after induction, and risk stratifications.All the patients received bortezomib-and/or thalidomide-based induction therapies.Results:No statistical differences in non-complete remission(nCR)/complete remission(CR)rate were observed between the ASCT and chemotherapy groups (44.8%vs.37.3%,P=0.380)after the induction therapy.The progression-free survival(PFS)was longer in the ASCT group than in the chemotherapy group(32.4 months vs.15.1 months,P<0.001).The overall survival(OS)was longer in the ASCT group than in the chemotherapy group(58.8 months vs.42.1 months,P=0.009).both the PFS(median:30.5 months vs.11.2 months,P<0.001)and the OS (median:85.5 months vs.34 months,P=0.015)rates were significantly prolonged in the high-risk subgroup after ASCT.In the intermediate-risk subgroup,neither PFS nor OS showed any significance after ASCT(P>0.05).In the low-risk subgroup,only PFS was extended(median:34.8 months vs.17.6 months,P=0.012)after ASCT,without significant improvements in the OS(P>0.05).Conclusion: The MM patients obtained cytogenetic high-risk benefits mostly fromASCT consolidation after inductions based on novel agents.

multiple myeloma,autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,cytogenetics多發(fā)性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)是一種惡性漿細(xì)胞克隆增殖性疾?。?-2]。大劑量化療聯(lián)合自體造血干細(xì)胞移植(autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,ASCT)顯著改善了MM的臨床療效,已經(jīng)成為65歲以下無(wú)移植禁忌患者的一線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療。近年來(lái),隨著對(duì)MM分子機(jī)制及遺傳學(xué)預(yù)后分層的認(rèn)識(shí)不斷深入,以蛋白酶體抑制劑及免疫調(diào)節(jié)劑為代表的新藥在臨床廣泛應(yīng)用,MM患者的生存得到了極大改善,甚至被認(rèn)為有望成為“可治愈的疾病”[3]。然而,新藥時(shí)代ASCT對(duì)不同遺傳學(xué)分層的患者是否作用相同,目前尚不明確。本文擬對(duì)新藥誘導(dǎo)后ASCT作為鞏固治療的67例MM患者進(jìn)行回顧性病例對(duì)照研究,探討其對(duì)不同遺傳學(xué)分層患者生存的作用。

10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.20142173

第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)征醫(yī)院血液科全軍骨髓瘤與淋巴瘤疾病中心(上海市200003)

*本文課題受?chē)?guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(編號(hào):81172248&.81001050)和上海市科委長(zhǎng)三角科技攻關(guān)課題(編號(hào):12495810500)資助

侯健houjian@medmail.com.cn

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