遺傳學(xué)
封面介紹:我國(guó)是全球第一大馬鈴薯生產(chǎn)國(guó),馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量約占世界總產(chǎn)量的26%.隨著國(guó)家“馬鈴薯”主糧化戰(zhàn)略的啟動(dòng),馬鈴薯將成為繼小麥、水稻和玉米之后的第4大主糧.馬鈴薯Y病毒(PVY)是馬鈴薯上迄今發(fā)生最為普遍的病毒之一,該病毒不僅在全球廣泛分布,而且寄主范圍廣,侵染種薯后引起馬鈴薯退化、產(chǎn)量降低,侵染煙草后可大幅度影響煙草產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量,給馬鈴薯和煙草生產(chǎn)帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失.開展不同作物寄主對(duì)PVY遺傳多樣性影響的研究,可為PVY的流行、監(jiān)測(cè)以及防控奠定理論依據(jù).研究表明,來(lái)源于煙草和馬鈴薯寄主的PVY遺傳差異顯著,突變、自然選擇以及基因流都影響兩者的遺傳多樣性及遺傳分化程度.詳見本期常飛等的“不同寄主來(lái)源的馬鈴薯Y病毒群體遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)的比較分析”一文.
不同寄主來(lái)源的馬鈴薯Y病毒群體遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)的比較分析
常飛,鄒文超,高芳鑾,等
文章以馬鈴薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)P3和pipo基因?yàn)榉肿訕?biāo)記,比較分析煙草和馬鈴薯兩個(gè)寄主的PVY遺傳多樣性和群體分化,并評(píng)估突變、選擇、基因流等遺傳力所起的作用.通過(guò) P3和 pipo基因計(jì)算獲得的煙草和馬鈴薯群體分化指數(shù) FST分別為0.116和0.120,且統(tǒng)計(jì)檢驗(yàn)差異顯著,表明煙草和馬鈴薯寄主的PVY之間中度分化.變異分析結(jié)果顯示,煙草分離物P3和pipo基因的核苷酸序列一致性分別為85.2%~100%和76.5%~100%,而馬鈴薯分離物的P3和pipo基因的核苷酸序列一致性分別為95.7%~100%和93.0%~100%,表明煙草PVY變異程度高于馬鈴薯.同時(shí),P3基因內(nèi)檢測(cè)到大量的凈化選擇位點(diǎn),表明該基因大部分位點(diǎn)的變異為有害突變,在進(jìn)化過(guò)程中被剔除.此外,P3基因內(nèi)還檢測(cè)到兩個(gè)顯著正向選擇位點(diǎn),表明這兩個(gè)位點(diǎn)的變異為有益突變,有利于病毒的生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng).在pipo基因中未檢測(cè)到顯著的選擇位點(diǎn),表明該基因上的變異基本不受自然選擇影響.通過(guò)P3和pipo基因計(jì)算煙草和馬鈴薯群體間的基因流Nm值分別為1.91和1.83,表明這兩個(gè)群體間存在較強(qiáng)的基因交流.以上結(jié)果表明,來(lái)源于煙草和馬鈴薯寄主的PVY遺傳差異顯著,突變、自然選擇以及基因流都影響兩者的遺傳多樣性及遺傳分化程度.
馬鈴薯Y病毒;P3基因;pipo基因;遺傳變異
來(lái)源出版物:遺傳,2015,37(3): 292-301聯(lián)系郵箱:常飛,changfei2010@yeah.net
來(lái)源出版物:Journal of Genetics and Genomics,2015,42(2): 71-78聯(lián)系郵箱:Jiayang Li,jyli@genetics.ac.cn
封面介紹:The formation of a tiller bud is a decisive process of rice tillering,which is one of the most important agronomic traits affecting grain yield. The cover story suggests a pivotal role of rice WUSCHEL in the formation of tiller buds(Lu et al.,pp. 71-78)
MONOCULM 3,an Ortholog of WUSCHEL in Rice,Is Required for Tiller Bud Formation
Zefu Lu,Gaoneng Shao,Jinsong Xiong,et al.
WUSCHEL(WUS)plays an essential role for the maintenance of meristem activity in dicots,but its function is still elusive in monocots. We isolated a new monoculm mutant,monoculm 3(moc3),in which a point mutation causes the premature termination of rice O. sativa WUS(OsWUS). Morphological observation revealed that the formation of tiller buds was disrupted in moc3. MOC3 was localized in the nuclear and could interact with TOPLESSRELATED PROTEINS(TPRs). The expression of MOC3 was induced by cytokinins and defection of MOC3 affected the expression of several two-component cytokinin response regulators,OsRRs and ORRs. Our results suggest that MOC3 is required for the formation of axillary buds and has a complex relationship with cytokinins.
MOC3; WUSCHEL; Tiller bud formation; Cytokinins; Oryza sativa L
中國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)期刊文摘2015年9期