韓雪玲 劉增加 史鋒慶 張亞萍 胡淑芳

(1.中國(guó)人民解放軍第三醫(yī)院，陜西寶雞 721004； 2.蘭州軍區(qū)疾病預(yù)防控制中心，蘭州 730020)

陜西省位于我國(guó)黃河中游，北部跨黃土高原中部，在東經(jīng)105°29′～111°15′，北緯31°42′～39°35′之間；北接內(nèi)蒙古，西臨寧夏、甘肅，南接川、渝、鄂，東與山西、河南為鄰。地勢(shì)南北高，中間底，自北而南分為陜北高原、關(guān)中平原、秦巴山地三個(gè)自然區(qū)，具有典型的塬、梁、峁等地形。氣候處亞熱帶濕潤(rùn)季風(fēng)氣候區(qū)，自北向南分屬溫帶半干旱季風(fēng)氣候、暖溫帶半干旱半濕潤(rùn)季風(fēng)氣候，陜北冬冷、夏熱，冬春干燥，秋夏多雨；陜南雨量充沛，溫暖濕潤(rùn)等特點(diǎn)。該省由于地理生態(tài)環(huán)境特殊，生物類(lèi)群也具有相應(yīng)的特征，其中雙翅目蚊科種類(lèi)比較復(fù)雜，在一些地區(qū)已形成危害，受到人們的關(guān)注與研究(石淑珍等，1989；佘建軍等，2008；張寶芳等，2009； 劉增加，2011；劉增加等，2013；韓雪玲等，2012，2014)。為了解陜西省雙翅目蚊科昆蟲(chóng)的本底，掌握其危害習(xí)性，采取積極有效的防治措施，2010年3月至2014年11月間，作者深入陜西省不同地理區(qū)域?qū)ξ孟x(chóng)開(kāi)展了調(diào)查研究，現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。

1 材料與方法

1.1 選點(diǎn)

依據(jù)調(diào)查所需，自北向南選擇塞北風(fēng)沙草灘、陜北黃土高原、關(guān)中盆地、秦嶺山地、漢水盆地和大巴山區(qū)等6個(gè)地形區(qū)的榆林市、綏德縣、延安市、岐山縣、長(zhǎng)安區(qū)、臨潼縣、華縣、潼關(guān)縣，太白縣、眉縣、渭南市、華陰市、鳳縣、略陽(yáng)縣、留壩縣、佛坪縣、鎮(zhèn)安縣、柞水縣、西鄉(xiāng)縣等30余個(gè)點(diǎn)作為面上調(diào)查采集，陜北黃土高原、關(guān)中盆地和漢水盆地的延安、寶雞、西安、安康和漢中等5個(gè)點(diǎn)作為固定調(diào)查采集。

1.2 材料

生物解剖顯微鏡、誘蚊器、電動(dòng)吸蚊器、誘蚊帳、采集網(wǎng)等由蘭州軍區(qū)疾病預(yù)防控制中心蟲(chóng)媒病與媒介生物防治研究所提供；其余毒瓶、白瓷盤(pán)、標(biāo)本瓶、干濕溫度計(jì)、氯仿、乙醇、解剖器材等均由中國(guó)人民解放軍第三醫(yī)院提供。

1.3 方法

人帳誘法：選擇庭院、牛棚、豬舍旁、稻田邊和林間等蚊蟲(chóng)成蟲(chóng)活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所，設(shè)置3頂蚊帳(牛棚和豬舍旁設(shè)1頂蚊帳)，每帳間距約50 m，略呈三角形排列，每年3月上旬至11月下旬不定時(shí)在各類(lèi)場(chǎng)所做一天(天氣不好順延)4次觀察采集，分別在日出前1 h、日出后4 h、日落前4 h和日落后1 h各人帳誘蚊一次，每次15 min。輔助網(wǎng)捕法將蚊分檢計(jì)數(shù)，制成標(biāo)本，初步分類(lèi)和妥善保存(劉增加等，2007)。然后將標(biāo)本帶回實(shí)驗(yàn)室，在生物解剖顯微鏡下進(jìn)行分類(lèi)鑒定(陸寶麟等，1997，1997，2003)。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 種類(lèi)與分布

在陜西省各地理區(qū)域的蚊蟲(chóng)調(diào)查中，獲得大批標(biāo)本，經(jīng)整理鑒定，為2亞科6屬39種，并結(jié)合前人文獻(xiàn)報(bào)告本次沒(méi)有采集到的林氏按蚊日本亞種、緣紋伊蚊、白黑伊蚊、金葉伊蚊、美腹伊蚊、驚駭庫(kù)蚊、大葉脈毛蚊、日本脈毛蚊和類(lèi)按直腳蚊等9種，共計(jì)陜西省蚊科2亞科7屬48種，種類(lèi)與地理分布及孳生場(chǎng)所(劉增加等，2013)見(jiàn)表1。

表1 陜西省蚊科種類(lèi)與地理分布Tab.1 Culicidae species and their geographic patterns in Shaanxi Province

續(xù)表1
Tab.lContinued

屬名Genera種名Species地理分布Geographical distribution孳生場(chǎng)所Breed sites洋縣、寧陜縣、石泉縣、漢陰縣、鎮(zhèn)安縣、柞水縣、洛南縣、商州區(qū)、漢中市、西鄉(xiāng)縣、安康市、旬陽(yáng)縣、商南縣、山陽(yáng)縣Xi'an City, Baoji City, Qishan County, Lintong County, Hua County, Tongguan County, Taibai County, Mei Coun-ty, Zhouzhi County, Hu County, Lantian County, Weinan City, Huayin County Feng County, Lueyang County, Liuba County, Foping County, Ningqiang County, Mian County County, Chenggu County, Yang County, Ningshan Coun-ty, Shiquan County, Hanyin County, Zhen'an County, Zhashui County, Luonan County, Shangzhou District, Hanzhong City, Xi Countyg County, Ankang City, Xun-yang County, Shangnan County, Shanyang Countycans and other containers of water at the cylinder(2)仁川伊蚊Ae. chemulpoensisYamada, 1921西安市、寶雞市、漢中市、安康市Xi'an City, Baoji City, Hanzhong City, Ankang City樹(shù)洞、缸罐積水處Tree holes, catchments (3)背點(diǎn)伊蚊Ae. dorsalis Meigen, 1830西安市、寶雞市、榆林市、綏德縣、延安市、漢中市、安康市Xi'an City, Baoji City, Yulin City, Suide County, Yan'an City, Hanzhong City, Ankang City石穴Caves(4)棘刺伊蚊Ae. elsiae Barraud, 1923西安市、漢中市、留壩縣Xi'an City, Hanzhong City, Liuba County 洼地積水、水坑、水塘、淺潭、果園、湖邊、麥地、菜地、泉洞Depressions water, puddles, ponds, shallow lake, orchard, lake, vegetable, spring hole(5)黃背伊蚊Ae. flavidorsalis Luhet Lee, 1975榆林市、綏德縣Yulin City, Suide County石凹、樹(shù)洞 Concave, tree holes(6) 緣紋伊蚊 Ae. galloisi Yamada, 1921黃龍縣、黃陵縣、宜川縣Huanglong County, Huangling County, Yichuan County 石穴、清水坑Caves, pit(7) 羽鳥(niǎo)伊蚊(雙棘伊蚊)Ae. hatorii Yamada, 1921西安市、寶雞市、岐山縣、華縣、潼關(guān)縣、太白縣、眉縣、周至縣、戶(hù)縣、藍(lán)田縣、渭南市、華陰市、鳳縣、略陽(yáng)縣、留壩縣、佛坪縣、寧強(qiáng)縣、勉縣、城固縣、洋縣、寧陜縣、石泉縣、漢陰縣、鎮(zhèn)安縣、柞水縣、洛南縣、商洛市、漢中市、西鄉(xiāng)縣、安康市、旬陽(yáng)縣、商南縣、山陽(yáng)縣Xi'an City, Baoji City, Qishan County, Hua County, Tongguan County, Taibai County, Mei County, Zhouzhi County, Hu County, Lantian County, Weinan City, Huay-in City, Feng County, Lueyang County, Liuba County, Fo-ping County, Ningqiang County, Mian County, Chenggu County, Yang County, Ningshan County, Shiquan County, Hanyin County, Zhen'an County, Zhashui County, Luonan County, ShangLuo City, Hanzhon City, Xixiang County, Ankang City, Xunyang County, Shangnan County, Shan-yang County石穴、容器積水Caves, containers water(8)日本伊蚊Ae. japonicusTheobald, 1901漢中市、留壩縣、佛坪縣、寧陜縣Hanzhong, Liuba County, Foping County, Ningshan Coun-ty 容器積水、溪旁石穴Container water, creek caves (9)朝鮮伊蚊Ae. koreicus Edwards, 1917西安市、寶雞市、岐山縣、長(zhǎng)安區(qū)、臨潼縣、華縣、潼關(guān)縣,太白縣、眉縣、周至縣、戶(hù)縣、藍(lán)田縣、渭南市、華陰市、鳳縣、略陽(yáng)縣、留壩縣、佛坪縣、寧強(qiáng)縣、勉縣、城固縣、洋縣、寧陜縣、石泉縣、漢陰縣、鎮(zhèn)安縣、柞水縣、洛南縣、商州區(qū)、漢中市、西鄉(xiāng)縣、安康市、旬陽(yáng)縣、商南縣、山陽(yáng)縣Xi'an, Baoji, Qishan County, Chang'an District, Lintong County, Hua County, Tongguan County, Taibai County, Mei County, Zhouzhi County, Hu County, Lantian Coun-ty, Weinan City, Huayin, Feng County, Lueyang County, Liuba County, Foping County, Ningqiang County, County Mian, Chenggu County, Yang County, Ningshan County, Shiquan County, Hanyin County, Zhashui County, Luonan County, Shangzhou 洼地積水、林間草地積水,夜棲Depressions water, ponding in the forest, roosting County

續(xù)表1
Tab.lContinued

屬名Genera種名Species地理分布Geographical distribution孳生場(chǎng)所Breed sitesDistrict, Hanzhong, Xixiang County, Ankang, Xunyang County, Shangnan County, Shanyang County(10)白黑伊蚊Ae. leucomelas Meigen, 1804延安市、黃龍縣、宜川縣、黃陵縣Yan'an, Huanglong County, Yichuan County, Huangling County石穴、容器積水Caves, containers(11)乳點(diǎn)伊蚊Ae. macfarlanei Edwards, 1914漢中市、安康市Hanzhong, Ankang 積水坑Plash (12)長(zhǎng)柄伊蚊Ae. mercurator Dyar, 1920延安市Yan'an樹(shù)洞、竹筒積水Tree holes and bamboo (13)東瀛伊蚊Ae. nipponicus Lacasse et Yamaguti, 1948留壩縣、佛坪縣、寧陜縣Liuba County, Foping County, Ningshan County樹(shù)洞Tree holes (14)金葉伊蚊Ae. oreophilus Edwards, 1916黃陵縣、黃龍縣、宜川縣Huangling County, Huanglong County, Yichuan County 積水坑、石穴、樹(shù)洞Plash, caves, tree holes (15)美腹伊蚊Ae. pulchriventer Giles, 1901漢中市Hanzhong City稻田、水塘、水坑、洼地積水、沼澤河流、渠旁積水坑Paddy fields, ponds, puddles, de-pressions water, swamp river, canal beside the water pit(16)刺擾伊蚊Ae. vexans Meigen, 1830西安市、漢中市、延安市Xi'an City, Hanzhong City, Yan'an City石窩積水Water in the stone nests(17) 云南伊蚊Ae. yunnanensis Gaschen, 1934漢中市、安康市Hanzhong City, Ankang City污水坑Sumps阿蚊屬Armigeres Theobald, 1901(1) 騷擾阿蚊Ar. subalbatus Coquillett, 1898西安市、寶雞市、岐山縣、華縣、潼關(guān)縣,太白縣、眉縣、周至縣、戶(hù)縣、藍(lán)田縣、渭南市、華陰市、鳳縣、略陽(yáng)縣、留壩縣、佛坪縣、寧強(qiáng)縣、勉縣、城固縣、洋縣、寧陜縣、石泉縣、漢陰縣、鎮(zhèn)安縣、柞水縣、洛南縣、商州區(qū)、漢中市、西鄉(xiāng)縣、安康市、旬陽(yáng)縣、商南縣、山陽(yáng)縣Xi'an City, Baoji City, Qishan County, Hua County , Tongguan County, Taibai County, Mei County, Zhouzhi County, Hu Coun-ty, Lantian County, Weinan City, Huayin City, Feng County, Lueyang County, Liuba County, Foping County, Ningqiang County, Mian County, Chenggu County, Yang County, Nings-han County, Shiquan County, Hanyin County, Zhen'an County, Zhashui County, Luonan County, ShangzhouDistrict, Hanzhong City, Xi Countyg County, An kang City, Xunyang County, Shangnan County, Shanyang County稻田、水溝、水塘、河槽、山積溪水Rice fields, ditches, ponds, river channel, mountain streams庫(kù)蚊屬Culex Linnae-us, 1758(1) 二帶喙庫(kù)蚊Cx. bitaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901西安市、寶雞市、漢中市、榆林市、安康市、延安市Xi'an City, Baoji City, Hanzhong City, Yulin City, Ankang City, Yan'an City污水坑Sumps(2)褐尾庫(kù)蚊Cx. fuscanus Wiedemann, 1820西安市、寶雞市、岐山縣、華縣、潼關(guān)縣,太白縣、眉縣、周至縣、戶(hù)縣、藍(lán)田縣、渭南市、華陰市、鳳縣、略陽(yáng)縣、留壩縣、佛坪縣、寧強(qiáng)縣、勉縣、城固縣、洋縣、寧陜縣、石泉縣、漢陰縣、鎮(zhèn)安縣、柞水縣、洛南縣、商州區(qū)、漢中市、西鄉(xiāng)縣、安康市、旬陽(yáng)縣、商南縣、山陽(yáng)縣Xi'an City, Baoji City, Qishan County, Hua County, Tongguan County, Taibai County, Mei County, Zhouzhi County, Hu County, Lantian County, Weinan City, Huay-in City, Feng County, Lueyang County, Liuba County, Fo-ping County, Ningqiang County, Mian County, Chenggu County, Yang County, Ningshan County, Shiquan County, Hanyin County, Zhen'an County, Zhashui County, Luonan County, Shangzhou District, Hanzhong City, Xixiang County, Ankang City, Xunyang County, Shangnan Coun-ty, Shanyang County水坑、淺潭、容器積水、樹(shù)洞Puddle, shallow lake, water con-tainers, tree holes(3)貪食庫(kù)蚊Cx. halifaxia Theobald, 1903西安市、寶雞市、岐山縣、華縣、潼關(guān)縣、太白縣、眉縣、周至縣、戶(hù)縣、藍(lán)田縣、渭南市、華陰市、鳳縣、略陽(yáng)縣、留壩縣、佛坪縣、寧強(qiáng)縣、勉縣、城固縣、洋縣、寧陜縣、石泉縣、漢陰縣、鎮(zhèn)安縣、柞水縣、洛南縣、商州區(qū)、漢中水坑、容器積水、淺潭、樹(shù)洞Puddle, shallow lake, water con-tainers, tree holes

續(xù)表1
Tab.lContinued

屬名Genera種名Species地理分布Geographical distribution孳生場(chǎng)所Breed sites市、西鄉(xiāng)縣、安康市、旬陽(yáng)縣、商南縣、山陽(yáng)縣Xi'an City, Baoji City, Qishan County, Hua County , Tongguan County, Taibai County, Mei County, Zhouzhi County, Hu County, Lantian County, Weinan City, Huay-in City, Feng County, Lueyang County, Liuba County, Fo-ping County, Ningqiang County, Mian County, Chenggu County, Yang County, Ningshan County, Shiquan County, Hanyin County, Zhenan County, Zhashui County, Luonan County, Shangzhou District, Hanzhong City, Xixiang County, Ankang City, Xunyang County, Shangnan Coun-ty, Shanyang County(4)林氏庫(kù)蚊Cx. hayashii Yama-da, 1917寶雞市、漢中市、留壩縣Baoji City, Hanzhong City, Liuba County水塘、水坑、泉坑Pond, puddle, spring pits(5)棕盾庫(kù)蚊Cx. jacksoni Ed-wards, 1934寶雞市、漢中市、安康市Baoji City, Hanzhong City, Ankang City污水坑、污水溝Sumps, gutter(6) 馬來(lái)庫(kù)蚊Cx. malayi Leices-ter, 1908西安市Xi'an City山溝水潭Ravine pool (7)擬態(tài)庫(kù)蚊Cx. mimeticus Noe, 1899西安市、寶雞市、岐山縣、華縣、潼關(guān)縣、太白縣、眉縣、周至縣、戶(hù)縣、藍(lán)田縣、渭南市、華陰市、鳳縣、略陽(yáng)縣、留壩縣、佛坪縣、寧強(qiáng)縣、勉縣、城固縣、洋縣、寧陜縣、石泉縣、漢陰縣、鎮(zhèn)安縣、柞水縣、洛南縣、商州區(qū)、漢中市、西鄉(xiāng)縣、安康市、旬陽(yáng)縣、商南縣、山陽(yáng)縣Xi'an City, Baoji City, Qishan County, Hua County , Tongguan County, Taibai County, Mei County, Zhouzhi County, Hu County, Lantian County, Weinan, Huayin, Feng County, Lueyang County, Liuba County, Foping County, Ningqiang County, Mian County, Chenggu Coun-ty, Yang County, Ningshan County, Shiquan County, Ha-nyin County, Zhen'an County, Zhashui County, Luonan County, Shangzhou District, Hanzhong, Xixiang County, Ankang, Xunyang County, Shangnan County, Shanyang County水井、河槽、山溝水潭、稻田Wells, river channel, ravine pool, rice fields(8) 小擬態(tài)庫(kù)蚊Cx. mimulus Ed-wards, 1915寶雞市、漢中市、延安市、安康市Baoji City, Hanzhong City, Yan'an City, Ankang City沼澤、污水坑、洼地積水、稻田、水塘、葦塘、稻田、積水坑、草甸、水凹Marsh, sumps, depressions wa-ter, rice fields, ponds, reed pond, paddy, water pit, mead-ow, water recess(9)兇小庫(kù)蚊Cx. modestus Fical-bi, 1889西安市、寶雞市、岐山縣、華縣、潼關(guān)縣、太白縣、眉縣、周至縣、戶(hù)縣、藍(lán)田縣、渭南市、華陰市、 鳳縣、略陽(yáng)縣、留壩縣、佛坪縣、寧強(qiáng)縣、勉縣、城固縣、洋縣、寧陜縣、石泉縣、漢陰縣、鎮(zhèn)安縣、柞水縣、洛南縣、商州區(qū)、漢中市、西鄉(xiāng)縣、安康市、旬陽(yáng)縣、商南縣、山陽(yáng)縣Xi'an City, Baoji City, Qishan County, Hua County , Tong-guan County, Taibai County, Mei County, Zhouzhi County, Hu County, Lantian County, Weinan City, Huayin City, Feng County, Lueyang County, Liuba County, Foping County, Ningqiang County, Mian County, Chenggu County, Yang County, Ningshan County, Shiquan County, Hanyin County, Zhen'an County, Zhashui County, Luonan County, Shangzhou District, Hanzhong City, Xixiang County, Ankang City, Xun-yang County, Shangnan County, Shanyang County容器積水、清水坑Water containers, water pit(10)白胸庫(kù)蚊Cx. pallidothorax Theobald, 1905漢中市、留壩縣、佛坪縣、寧陜縣、柞水縣Hanzhong City, Liuba County, Foping County, Ningshan County, Zhashui County水井、瓷缸、污水坑、沼澤、漚肥坑Well, porcelain jar, sump, swamps, wet compost pits

續(xù)表1
Tab.lContinued

屬名Genera種名Species地理分布Geographical distribution孳生場(chǎng)所Breed sites(11)淡色庫(kù)蚊Cx. pipiens pallens Coquillett, 1898廣布全省Widespread whole province稻田、沼澤Paddy fieldss, swamps(12) 致倦庫(kù)蚊Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatusSay, 1823西安市、寶雞市、岐山縣、華縣、潼關(guān)縣、太白縣、眉縣、周至縣、戶(hù)縣、藍(lán)田縣、渭南市、華陰市、 鳳縣、略陽(yáng)縣、留壩縣、佛坪縣、寧強(qiáng)縣、勉縣、城固縣、洋縣、寧陜縣、石泉縣、漢陰縣、鎮(zhèn)安縣、柞水縣、洛南縣、商州區(qū)、漢中市、西鄉(xiāng)縣、安康市、旬陽(yáng)縣、商南縣、山陽(yáng)縣Xi'an City, Baoji City, Qishan County, Hua County , Tongguan County, Taibai County, Mei County, Zhouzhi County, Hu County, Lantian County, Weinan City, Huay-in City, Feng County, Lueyang County, Liuba County, Fo-ping County, Ningqiang County, Mian County, Chenggu County, County Yang, Ningshan County, Shiquan County, Hanyin County, Zhen'an County, Zhashui County, Luonan County, Shangzhou District, Hanzhong City, Xixiang County, Ankang, Xunyang County, Shangnan County, Sh-anyang County稻田、池塘Paddy fields, ponds(13)偽雜鱗庫(kù)蚊Cx. pseudovishnui Colless, 1957西安市、寶雞市、岐山縣、臨潼縣、華縣、潼關(guān)縣、太白縣、眉縣、周至縣、戶(hù)縣、藍(lán)田縣、渭南市、華陰市、鳳縣、略陽(yáng)縣、留壩縣、佛坪縣、寧強(qiáng)縣、勉縣、城固縣、洋縣、寧陜縣、石泉縣、漢陰縣、鎮(zhèn)安縣、柞水縣、洛南縣、商州區(qū)、漢中市、西鄉(xiāng)縣、安康市、旬陽(yáng)縣、商南縣、山陽(yáng)縣Xi'an City, Baoji City, Qishan County, Lingtong County, Hua County , Tongguan County, Taibai County, Mei County, Zhouzhi County, Hu County, Lantian County, Weinan City, Huayin City, Feng County, Lueyang County, Liuba County, Foping County, Ningqiang County, Mian County, Chenggu County, Yang County, Ningshan Coun-ty, Shiquan County, Hanyin County, Zhen'an County, Zhashui County, Luonan County, Shangzhou District, Hanzhong City, Xixiang County, Ankang City, Xunyang County, Shangnan County, Shanyang County水坑Puddle(14)中華庫(kù)蚊Cx. sinensis Theobald, 1903寶雞市、漢中市、安康市Baoji City, Hanzhong City, Ankang City水井、池塘、污水坑、屎坑、稻田、河槽、沼澤、洼地積水Wells, ponds, sumps, feces pit, rice fields, river channel, swamps, lowland water(15)驚駭庫(kù)蚊Cx. territansWalker, 1856留壩縣、佛坪縣、寧陜縣、鎮(zhèn)安縣、柞水縣Liuba County, Foping County, Ningshan County, Zhen'an County, Zhashui County稻田、沼澤、池塘、污水坑、水溝、水坑、沼澤的淺水凹、污水坑、灌溉溝內(nèi)的積水坑Paddy, shallow concave marsh, ponds, sumps, ditches, puddles, swamps, sumps, irrigation ditch water inside the pit(16)三帶喙庫(kù)蚊Cx. tritaeniorhyn-chus Giles, 1901廣布于全省Widespread whole province稻田、沼澤、池塘、污水坑Paddy fields, marshes, ponds, sumps(17)迷走庫(kù)蚊Cx. vagans Wiedemann, 1828廣布于全省Widespread whole province水溝、水坑、水井,野棲Ditches, puddles, well, wild hab-itat(18) 白霜庫(kù)蚊Cx. whitmorei Giles, 1904漢中市、安康市Hanzhong City, Ankang City泉水坑Spring water pit脈毛蚊屬Culiseta Felt, 1904(1) 黑須脈毛蚊Cx. bergrothi Ed-wards, 1921延安市Yan'an City池塘、稻田、工程積水、水坑Ponds, rice fields, project water, puddles

續(xù)表1
Tab.lContinued

屬名Genera種名Species地理分布Geographical distribution孳生場(chǎng)所Breed sites(2) 大葉脈毛蚊Cu. megaloba Luh, Chao et Xu, 1974黃龍縣、宜川縣、黃陵縣Huanglong County, Yichuan County, Huangling County水坑Puddle(3) 銀帶脈毛蚊Cx. niveitaeniata Theobald, 1907西安市、寶雞市、漢中市、安康市、榆林市、黃龍縣、宜川縣、黃陵縣Xi'an City, Baoji City, Hanzhong City, Ankang City, Yulin City, Huanglong County, Yichuan County, Huangling County池塘、沼澤、稻田Ponds, marshes, rice fields(4)日本脈毛蚊Cx. nipponica LaCasse et Yamagu-ti, 1950黃龍縣、宜川縣、黃陵縣Huanglong County, Yichuan County, Huangling County樹(shù)洞、竹筒Tree holes, bamboo曼蚊屬 Mansonia Blanchard, 1901(1) 常型曼蚊Ma. uniformis Theobald, 1901西安市、寶雞市、榆林市Xi'an City, Baoji City, Yulin City池塘、沼澤、稻田Ponds, marshes, rice fields直腳蚊屬Orthopodomy-ia Theobald, 1904(1)類(lèi)按直腳蚊Or. anopheloides Giles, 1903漢中市 Hanzhong City樹(shù)洞、竹筒Tree holes, bamboo

3 討論

陜西省僅知按蚊屬5種，其中中華按蚊不僅是傳播瘧疾的重要媒介，而且也是傳播流行性乙型腦炎的主要媒介，也可能充當(dāng)馬來(lái)絲蟲(chóng)病的傳播媒介；帕氏按蚊在1953年從西安的樣本中培養(yǎng)分離出乙型腦炎病毒(劉增加等，2013)，也在實(shí)驗(yàn)中能感染瘧原蟲(chóng)(陸寶麟等，1997)；伊蚊屬18種，其中白紋伊蚊是登革熱的主要傳播媒介；庫(kù)蚊在陜西省已知18種，其中淡色庫(kù)蚊和三帶喙庫(kù)蚊除吸血騷擾外，是傳播流行性乙型腦炎的重要媒介。因此，調(diào)查研究疾病的媒介蚊蟲(chóng)具有實(shí)際指導(dǎo)意義。

本次調(diào)查和結(jié)合前人文獻(xiàn)資料，共計(jì)陜西省蚊科7屬48種，其中按蚊屬Anopheles5種；伊蚊屬Aedes18種，阿蚊屬Armigeres1種，庫(kù)蚊屬Culex18種，脈毛蚊屬Culiseta4種，曼蚊屬M(fèi)ansonia1種和直腳蚊屬Orthopodomyia1種。從種類(lèi)的構(gòu)成言，伊蚊屬和庫(kù)蚊屬種類(lèi)數(shù)最多，各占已知種類(lèi)的37.50%；按蚊屬和脈毛蚊屬次之，分別占10.42%和8.33%；阿蚊、曼蚊和直腳蚊等3屬種類(lèi)數(shù)最少，共占已知種類(lèi)的6.25%。說(shuō)明伊蚊和庫(kù)蚊是防控的重中之重，按蚊種類(lèi)雖然不多，但多數(shù)能傳播疾病，在防控上不可輕視。

陜西省部分地區(qū)蚊蟲(chóng)活動(dòng)的規(guī)律，關(guān)中平原蚊蟲(chóng)在4～11月活動(dòng)，7～8月達(dá)全年活動(dòng)最高峰。庫(kù)蚊夜間活動(dòng)，黎明和傍晚形成2個(gè)活動(dòng)高峰，傍晚達(dá)全天活動(dòng)最高峰；伊蚊白天活動(dòng)，8：00和16：00形成2個(gè)活動(dòng)高峰，16：00達(dá)全天活動(dòng)最高峰。建議根據(jù)蚊蟲(chóng)活動(dòng)時(shí)域有針對(duì)性地作好防治工作。