楊正生 李力 王亞斐 楊會(huì)君
姜黃素對(duì)豚鼠銀屑病樣動(dòng)物模型的藥效評(píng)價(jià)及對(duì)增殖細(xì)胞核抗原表達(dá)的影響
楊正生 李力 王亞斐 楊會(huì)君
目的 觀察姜黃素對(duì)豚鼠銀屑病樣動(dòng)物模型皮損以及增殖細(xì)胞核抗原(PCNA)的影響,探討姜黃素對(duì)銀屑病的治療作用及其機(jī)制。方法 將實(shí)驗(yàn)豚鼠隨機(jī)分為6組,每組6只;正常對(duì)照組,不進(jìn)行任何處理,觀察3周;銀屑病模型組,用5%普萘洛爾乳膏外涂豚鼠耳背,造模3周;造模后觀察組,造模后觀察2周;造模后對(duì)照組,造模后給予25%聚乙二醇溶液灌胃2周,每次1ml,1次/d;低劑量姜黃素組和高劑量姜黃素組,造模后用姜黃素溶液灌胃2周,灌胃量分別為20 mg·kg-1·d-1和40 mg·kg-1·d-1,1次/d。取各組豚鼠耳部標(biāo)本,HE染色觀察豚鼠組織病理學(xué)評(píng)分的變化,用免疫組化法觀察姜黃素對(duì)PCNA蛋白表達(dá)的影響。結(jié)果 豚鼠的皮膚形態(tài)觀察顯示,姜黃素能夠緩解豚鼠銀屑病樣皮膚表現(xiàn)。各組豚鼠組織病理學(xué)評(píng)分及PCNA蛋白表達(dá)陽(yáng)性率總體比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=296.14,P<0.01;F=108.49,P<0.01)。兩兩比較發(fā)現(xiàn),銀屑病模型組的組織病理學(xué)評(píng)分(6.42±0.49)及PCNA表達(dá)(63.17%±5.47%)與正常對(duì)照組(0.92±0.20,20.83%±2.99%)相比均明顯升高(P<0.01)。姜黃素灌胃治療2周后,低、高劑量組的組織病理學(xué)評(píng)分(4.25±0.27,1.75±0.42)及PCNA的表達(dá)(43.50%±2.90%,25.50%±3.74%)與模型組相比均明顯下降,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。結(jié)論 姜黃素對(duì)豚鼠銀屑病樣動(dòng)物模型皮損的病理表現(xiàn)具有改善作用,并能下調(diào)PCNA的表達(dá)。
銀屑?。唤S素;疾病模型,動(dòng)物;增殖細(xì)胞核抗原;普萘洛爾
因?yàn)殂y屑病的難治性、易復(fù)發(fā)性以及發(fā)病率逐漸增高等原因,其治療一直受到廣泛關(guān)注[1]。姜黃素是一種從姜黃、郁金等姜黃屬植物的根莖中提取的生物活性物質(zhì),具有廣泛的生物活性和藥理學(xué)作用,例如抗增殖、抗炎等,目前被認(rèn)為可能對(duì)很多疾病具有潛在的治療作用[2]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)利用姜黃素灌胃的方法,干預(yù)普萘洛爾乳膏外涂誘發(fā)的銀屑病樣豚鼠動(dòng)物模型,并用HE染色觀察組織病理學(xué)變化以及采用免疫組化法觀察增殖細(xì)胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA) 的表達(dá)變化,以期為姜黃素對(duì)銀屑病的治療提供進(jìn)一步的理論依據(jù)。
1.動(dòng)物:健康豚鼠(西安交通大學(xué)動(dòng)物中心提供)雌雄不限,7~9周齡,體重300~350 g,清潔級(jí)。在室溫下飼養(yǎng),自由進(jìn)食及飲水,建立模型后,依據(jù)不同組別給予姜黃素灌胃或只加入溶劑灌胃。
2.藥物及試劑:姜黃素,美國(guó)Sigma公司;小鼠PCNA單克隆抗體(稀釋比例1∶50),美國(guó)Santa Cruz公司;無(wú)水乙醇、多聚甲醛,西安化學(xué)試劑廠;多聚賴(lài)氨酸即用型鏈霉素親和素-生物素復(fù)合物(SABC)免疫組化試劑盒、濃縮型二氨基聯(lián)苯胺(DAB)顯色試劑盒,武漢博士德公司。
1.實(shí)驗(yàn)分組:隨機(jī)分為6組,每組6只。正常對(duì)照組:不進(jìn)行任何處理,飼養(yǎng)3周后取耳部標(biāo)本;另5組先參照文獻(xiàn)[3]的方法用5%普萘洛爾乳膏外涂豚鼠耳背,每日4次共3周,建立豚鼠銀屑病樣模型后,各組進(jìn)行以下處理:銀屑病模型組,造模后直接取耳部標(biāo)本;造模后觀察組,造模后不進(jìn)行任何處理,觀察2周后取耳部標(biāo)本;造模后對(duì)照組,造模后給予25%聚乙二醇溶液1ml每日1次灌胃,2周后取耳部標(biāo)本;低劑量姜黃素組,造模后用25%聚乙二醇溶液配制的姜黃素溶液20 mg·kg-1·d-1每日1次灌胃,給藥劑量范圍參照文獻(xiàn)[4],2周后取耳部標(biāo)本;高劑量姜黃素組,造模后用姜黃素溶液40 mg·kg-1·d-1每日1次灌胃,2周后取耳部標(biāo)本。
2.組織標(biāo)本HE染色觀察:各組經(jīng)不同方法處理,麻醉后取豚鼠耳部標(biāo)本,4%甲醛固定后石蠟包埋,HE 染色,光鏡下觀察,參照 Baker等[5]的皮膚組織病理學(xué)評(píng)分方法評(píng)分:①角質(zhì)層:角質(zhì)層中如發(fā)現(xiàn)Munro小膿腫,根據(jù)嚴(yán)重程度計(jì)為1.5~2分,角化過(guò)度計(jì)0.5分,角化不全計(jì)1.0分;②表皮層:顆粒層變薄或消失計(jì)1.0分,棘層肥厚計(jì)1.0分,皮突延伸呈棒狀根據(jù)輕、中、重程度計(jì)為0.5、1、1.5分;③真皮層:炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),根據(jù)輕、中、重程度計(jì)為0.5、1、1.5分,乳突上伸計(jì)0.5分,乳突毛細(xì)血管擴(kuò)張計(jì)0.5分。
3.免疫組化染色:將切片依次進(jìn)行脫蠟、脫水等操作步驟;3%H2O2室溫條件下處理10min以滅活內(nèi)源性過(guò)氧化物酶;加入山羊血清封閉液孵育15min;加入小鼠抗PCNA單抗4℃孵育10min;加入生物素化羊抗小鼠二抗和SABC孵育;DAB顯色。結(jié)果判定:PCNA陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞為細(xì)胞核著色,有棕黃色的顆粒樣物質(zhì)沉積。選取5個(gè)染色均勻的高倍視野,每張切片計(jì)數(shù)200個(gè)細(xì)胞中陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞百分比。
4.統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法:采用SPSS 13.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料采用±s表示。多組數(shù)據(jù)的均數(shù)比較采用單因素方差分析(ANOVA),組間比較采用LSD法,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
造模前,豚鼠耳部光滑、平整無(wú)脫屑;造模后,模型組豚鼠的耳背皮膚明顯增厚,局部紅斑,外觀粗糙,有部分脫屑等銀屑病樣皮膚表現(xiàn)。經(jīng)姜黃素灌胃治療2周后,銀屑病樣皮損表現(xiàn)明顯減輕,其中紅斑、鱗屑及表皮粗糙增厚現(xiàn)象不同程度緩解或消失,以高劑量組的作用更為明顯。
正常豚鼠角質(zhì)層較薄,顆粒層和棘層細(xì)胞層數(shù)正常,無(wú)皮突向下延伸,基底層為單層細(xì)胞,呈柱狀;用普萘洛爾乳膏外涂耳背3周后,耳部皮膚可見(jiàn)角化過(guò)度,角化不全,顆粒層變?。患瑢蛹?xì)胞明顯肥厚,表皮突向下呈棒狀延伸,也可見(jiàn)乳突上伸呈杵狀以及乳突毛細(xì)血管擴(kuò)張等;部分真皮層可見(jiàn)較明顯的炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)。見(jiàn)圖1。各組組織病理學(xué)評(píng)分比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,LSD法進(jìn)行組間比較,銀屑病模型組、造模后觀察組、造模后對(duì)照組均顯著高于正常對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01);造模后觀察組、造模后對(duì)照組與銀屑病模型組比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);低劑量姜黃素組、高劑量姜黃素組與銀屑病模型組、造模后觀察組、造模后對(duì)照組比較均明顯下降,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),且高劑量組評(píng)分下降更為明顯。見(jiàn)表1。
圖1 姜黃素對(duì)豚鼠銀屑病模型病理學(xué)形態(tài)的影響(HE×200) 1A:正常對(duì)照組;1B:銀屑病模型組;1C:造模后觀察組;1D:造模后對(duì)照組;1E:低劑量姜黃素組;1F:高劑量姜黃素組。正常對(duì)照組組織形態(tài)學(xué)無(wú)明顯異常,銀屑病模型組出現(xiàn)了典型的銀屑病樣病理改變,藥物干預(yù)后組織銀屑病樣病理改變減輕
圖2 姜黃素對(duì)豚鼠銀屑病模型增殖細(xì)胞核抗原(PCNA)表達(dá)的影響(免疫組化×200) 2A:正常對(duì)照組;2B:銀屑病模型組;2C:造模后觀察組;2D:造模后對(duì)照組;2E:低劑量姜黃素組;2F:高劑量姜黃素組。正常對(duì)照組PCNA呈低表達(dá),銀屑病模型組表達(dá)明顯升高,姜黃素干預(yù)后PCNA表達(dá)明顯下降
表1 姜黃素對(duì)豚鼠銀屑病模型組織病理學(xué)評(píng)分及增殖細(xì)胞核抗原(PCNA)表達(dá)的影響(±s)
表1 姜黃素對(duì)豚鼠銀屑病模型組織病理學(xué)評(píng)分及增殖細(xì)胞核抗原(PCNA)表達(dá)的影響(±s)
組別 只數(shù) 組織病理學(xué)評(píng)分PCNA蛋白表達(dá)陽(yáng)性率(%)正常對(duì)照組 6 0.92±0.20 20.83±2.99銀屑病模型組 6 6.42±0.49 63.17±5.47造模后觀察組 6 6.17±0.26 62.00±4.85造模后對(duì)照組 6 6.00±0.32 60.17±5.96低劑量姜黃素組 6 4.25±0.27 43.50±2.90高劑量姜黃素組 6 1.75±0.42 25.50±3.74 F值 296.14 108.49 P值 <0.01 <0.01
經(jīng)免疫組化SABC法檢測(cè),各組豚鼠PCNA蛋白表達(dá)陽(yáng)性率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。正常對(duì)照組豚鼠皮膚PCNA表達(dá)較低,主要集中在基底層細(xì)胞,而銀屑病模型組PCNA表達(dá)明顯增多,且分布更為廣泛,兩組PCNA表達(dá)陽(yáng)性率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。造模后觀察組和造模后對(duì)照組與正常對(duì)照組比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),與銀屑病模型組比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。而低劑量、高劑量的姜黃素均能降低PCNA的表達(dá),兩組PCNA表達(dá)陽(yáng)性率分別與模型組、造模后觀察組、造模后對(duì)照組比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),而高濃度姜黃素組降低更為明顯。見(jiàn)圖2、表1。
銀屑病的發(fā)生和持續(xù)與免疫細(xì)胞的功能異常導(dǎo)致皮膚角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞(keratinocyte,KC)的異常增殖和分化有關(guān)。我們參照文獻(xiàn)[3]以5%普萘洛爾乳劑外涂3周成功制備了具有銀屑病樣皮損的動(dòng)物模型,并觀察姜黃素灌胃對(duì)豚鼠銀屑病樣皮損的影響。結(jié)果顯示,普萘洛爾造模后豚鼠皮膚的組織病理學(xué)評(píng)分明顯升高,而姜黃素灌胃治療后,組織病理學(xué)評(píng)分明顯下降,說(shuō)明姜黃素能夠明顯降低造模引起的皮膚銀屑病樣炎癥反應(yīng)。另外,普萘洛爾造模后豚鼠皮膚PCNA表達(dá)較正常對(duì)照組明顯升高,而姜黃素灌胃治療后,PCNA表達(dá)明顯下降。以上結(jié)果表明,姜黃素能夠下調(diào)豚鼠銀屑病樣炎癥反應(yīng)以及KC的異常增殖效應(yīng),進(jìn)一步明確了姜黃素對(duì)銀屑病可能存在一定的治療作用。
普萘洛爾乳膏外涂制備銀屑病動(dòng)物模型已應(yīng)用了數(shù)十年,得到了廣泛認(rèn)可。雖然它并不能全面反映人銀屑病的病理特點(diǎn),但作為一種簡(jiǎn)便高效的動(dòng)物模型,在抗銀屑病藥物的篩選中具有一定的優(yōu)勢(shì)[6]。PCNA是一種能夠比較可靠反映細(xì)胞增殖情況的指標(biāo),目前認(rèn)為其高表達(dá)與KC的異常增殖有密切關(guān)系,并且在銀屑病患者皮損中存在高表達(dá)現(xiàn)象[7],因此PCNA也常作為抗銀屑病藥物篩選中療效鑒定的指標(biāo)。
目前很多針對(duì)銀屑病的靶向治療藥物在長(zhǎng)期應(yīng)用的情況下會(huì)出現(xiàn)明顯的不良反應(yīng)。姜黃素是提取自姜黃屬植物根莖中的一種多酚類(lèi)物質(zhì),曾作為食品添加劑被廣泛應(yīng)用,也曾作為一種傳統(tǒng)藥物用于很多疾病的治療。目前的研究表明,姜黃素具有較強(qiáng)的抗炎[8]、抗氧化[9]、抗細(xì)胞異常增殖、抗腫瘤[10]的功效,其生物學(xué)和藥理學(xué)功效非常廣泛[11]。也有很多研究表明,姜黃素可能存在潛在的抗銀屑病功效。Bosman[12]發(fā)現(xiàn),局部外用姜黃素能夠?qū)︺y屑病小鼠尾部的細(xì)胞增殖取得良好的抑制效果。但作為一種植物提取的有效成分,目前姜黃素的系統(tǒng)給藥也在很多疾病的治療研究中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。姜黃素能夠抑制銀屑病患者KC的角化不全現(xiàn)象、轉(zhuǎn)鐵蛋白受體的表達(dá)以及表皮CD8+T細(xì)胞的表達(dá)[13-14]。也有學(xué)者[13]對(duì)臨床、組織學(xué)、免疫組化等結(jié)果進(jìn)行參數(shù)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)姜黃素對(duì)磷酸化酶激酶活性的抑制作用與銀屑病治療之間存在一定的關(guān)系。楊曉紅等[15]報(bào)道,姜黃素能夠激發(fā)腫瘤壞死因子α對(duì)HaCaT細(xì)胞的促凋亡作用,抑制腫瘤壞死因子α對(duì)HaCaT細(xì)胞的促增殖作用。
我們的動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)一步支持姜黃素可能具有抗銀屑病作用的理論推測(cè),但在動(dòng)物模型上還存在一定的局限性。今后還需建立更為理想的動(dòng)物模型或大樣本的臨床試驗(yàn)來(lái)證明以上推測(cè),并在其治療的具體機(jī)制方面進(jìn)行更加深入細(xì)致的探討。
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(本文編輯:周良佳 顏艷)
Curcumin for propranolol-induced psoriasis-like lesions in guinea pigs:evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and effects on proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression
Yang Zhengsheng*,Li Li,Wang Yafei,Yang Huijun.*Department of Dermatology,First Hospital of Qinhuangdao,Qinhuangdao 066000,Hebei,China
Yang Zhengsheng,Email:ylxd785@126.com
ObjectiveTo estimate the influence of curcumin on psoriasis-like lesions and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)expression in guinea pigs,so as to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of curcumin in psoriasis.MethodsA model of psoriasis-like skin inflammation was established by applying propranolol 5%cream(4 times a day for 3 weeks)to the dorsal skin of ears of 30 guinea pigs,which were then equally classified into 5 groups:model group receiving no treatment,observation group receiving no treatment but observation for 2 weeks,model control group treated with intragastric 25%polyethylene glycol solution (1ml once a day)for 2 weeks,low-dose and high-dose curcumin groups treated with intragastric curcumin solution at 20 and 40 mg/kg per day respectively once a day for 2 weeks.Six guinea pigs receiving neither induction by propranolol nor treatment by curcumin or polyethylene glycol solution served as the normal control group.Skin specimens were harvested from the ears of guinea pigs in the normal control group after three weeks of breeding,in the model group immediately after the establishment of psoriasis-like model,in the observation group after 2 weeks of observation,and in the other 3 groups after 2 weeks of treatment.Subsequently,haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining wasconducted to observe histopathologic changes,and immunohistochemical assay to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).ResultsGross observation of the skin revealed that curcumin attenuated psoriasis-like skin manifestations in guinea pigs.There were significant differences in histopathologic scores(F=296.14,P<0.01)and PCNA expression rate among the 6 groups(F=108.49,P<0.01).Least significant difference (LSD)test showed that both histopathologic scores and PCNA expression rate were significantly higher in the model group than in the normal control group(6.42±0.49 vs.0.92±0.20,63.17%±5.47%vs.20.83%±2.99%,bothP<0.01).After 2 weeks of treatment,both low-dose and high-dose curcumin groups showed significantly lower histopathologic scores(4.25±0.27 and 1.75±0.42 vs.6.42±0.49,bothP<0.01)and PCNA expression rate(43.50%±2.90%and 25.50%±3.74%vs.63.17%±5.47%,bothP<0.01)compared with the model group.ConclusionCurcumin can attenuate pathological manifestations of psoriasis-like lesions,and downregulate PCNA expression in guinea pigs.
Psoriasis;Curcumin;Disease models,animal;Proliferating cell nuclear antigen;Propranolol
10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4030.2015.03.008
秦皇島市科學(xué)技術(shù)研究與發(fā)展項(xiàng)目(2102023A131)
066000河北,秦皇島市第一醫(yī)院皮膚科(楊正生、王亞斐、楊會(huì)君),腎內(nèi)科(李力)
楊正生,Email:ylxd785@126.com