鐘佳靜董 華
卵泡期聯(lián)合黃體期促排卵在卵巢低反應(yīng)患者中的應(yīng)用
鐘佳靜①董 華①
目的:探討體外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)周期中,卵泡期聯(lián)合黃體期促排卵在卵巢低反應(yīng)(P0R)患者中的應(yīng)用及臨床體會(huì)。方法:分析68例POR患者IVF周期中經(jīng)卵泡期微刺激階段和后續(xù)的黃體期促排卵階段的平均獲卵數(shù)、獲卵比例、受精率、冷凍胚胎數(shù)、優(yōu)質(zhì)胚胎率及臨產(chǎn)妊娠率指標(biāo)。結(jié)果:兩個(gè)階段受精率、優(yōu)質(zhì)胚胎率比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>O.05),但黃體期促排卵階段的平均獲卵數(shù)、獲卵比例、冷凍胚胎數(shù)及臨產(chǎn)妊娠率明顯高于卵泡期階段(P<O.05),而卵泡期聯(lián)合黃體期取卵的平均獲卵數(shù)、獲卵比例、冰凍胚胎數(shù)明顯多于單純卵泡期取卵(P<0.05),最終臨床妊娠人數(shù)達(dá)到14例。結(jié)論:在POR患者中,黃體期促排卵方案周期獲卵數(shù)、冷凍胚胎數(shù)及臨產(chǎn)妊娠率高,提示卵泡期聯(lián)合黃體期促排卵方案能夠有效改善POR患者的臨床妊娠結(jié)局。
體外受精一胚胎移植; 黃體期促排卵; 卵巢低反應(yīng)
自從IVF/ICSI-ET技術(shù)進(jìn)入臨床30多年以來,使用促排卵藥物已經(jīng)成為輔助助孕技術(shù)(ART)的常規(guī),隨著促排卵方案的不斷改進(jìn),助孕成功率不斷提高,但對于卵巢低反應(yīng)患者(poor ovarian response, POR),由于對促性腺激素刺激反應(yīng)低下,其獲卵數(shù)少、妊娠率低下,仍是IVF臨床治療中的難題。如何提高低反應(yīng)患者的獲卵數(shù)及胚胎質(zhì)量,改善臨床妊娠結(jié)局是目前生殖醫(yī)學(xué)專家研究的熱點(diǎn)。目前有大量不同的方案正應(yīng)用于卵巢低反應(yīng)患者,以期提高卵巢低反應(yīng)的治療結(jié)局[1-5]。黃體期促排卵是近年開始嘗試的全新方案,目前有報(bào)道在腫瘤患者化療前進(jìn)行輔助生殖技術(shù)助孕時(shí)在月經(jīng)周期的不同時(shí)期隨機(jī)開始促排卵治療而獲得成熟卵母細(xì)胞并形成優(yōu)質(zhì)胚胎[6-8],黃體期促排卵對卵巢反應(yīng)正?;颊呤强尚械模诼殉驳头磻?yīng)患者中應(yīng)用黃體期促排卵療效仍不確切?,F(xiàn)就本院卵巢低反應(yīng)患者黃體期促排卵周期的初步結(jié)果予以分析。
1.1 一般資料 2013年6月-2014年6月在湛江久和醫(yī)院接受IVF/ICSI-ET治療的卵巢低反應(yīng)患者為研究對象,共68例,年齡28~45歲,平均(36.1±4.7)歲,按同一月經(jīng)周期中不同取卵階段分為卵泡期微刺激階段與黃體期促排卵后取卵,2次取卵后所獲胚胎均冷凍保存,擇期行凍融胚胎移植(FET)術(shù)。
POR的診斷根據(jù)2O11年歐洲人類生殖和胚胎學(xué)會(huì)(ESHRE)博洛尼亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以下3條至少符合2條者定義為POR:(1)高齡(≥40歲)或具備低反應(yīng)的任何危險(xiǎn)因素;(2)前次低反應(yīng)(常規(guī)刺激促排卵獲得≤3個(gè)卵子);(3)一個(gè)異常卵巢儲(chǔ)備實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果(如AFC 5~7個(gè),或抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)<1.6~3.5 nmol/L)[9]。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 卵泡期促排卵 采用微刺激方案。CC 100 mg/d+ HMG 3支/d,Gn 4~8 d。當(dāng)晚予hCG 10 000 IU,48 h后取卵,取卵后進(jìn)行常規(guī)IVF或ICSI,取卵72 h選擇胚胎細(xì)胞數(shù)>4-細(xì)胞、胚胎碎片率≤20%的卵裂期胚胎進(jìn)行冷凍保存。
1.2.2 黃體期促排卵 卵泡期取卵后予LE 5 mg/d+ HMG 3支/d,Gn 3~6 d。B超提示雙卵巢的優(yōu)勢卵泡大于14 mm,當(dāng)晚給予hCG 10 000 IU,48 h后取卵,取卵后進(jìn)行常規(guī)IVF或ICSI,取卵72 h選擇2級以上的卵裂期有用胚胎(>4-細(xì)胞)進(jìn)行冷凍保存。
1.2.3 凍融胚胎移植(FET) 間隔一個(gè)月經(jīng)周期后按照常規(guī)接受FET,移植后2周抽血查hCG,陽性者2周后行B超檢查,以B超見到宮腔內(nèi)妊娠囊有胎心搏動(dòng)診斷為臨床妊娠。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的處理采用SPSS 19.0軟件,計(jì)量資料以(±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,采用 χ2檢驗(yàn)及Fisher確切概率法,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
各階段獲卵人數(shù)經(jīng)過卵泡期和黃體期2次取卵,68例均有取卵機(jī)會(huì),其中66例進(jìn)行了卵泡期和黃體期2次取卵,2例進(jìn)行了黃體期單次取卵,黃體期取卵平均獲卵數(shù)、冷凍胚胎數(shù)明顯多于卵泡期取卵(P<0.05),黃體期平均獲卵數(shù)、取卵獲卵比例、臨床妊娠率亦高于卵泡期(P<0.05),兩階段受精率及優(yōu)質(zhì)胚胎率比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。而卵泡期聯(lián)合黃體期取卵的平均獲卵數(shù)、獲卵比例、冷凍胚胎數(shù)均明顯多于單純卵泡期取卵(P<0.05),最終臨床妊娠人數(shù)達(dá)到14例。見表1。
卵巢低反應(yīng)人群約占10%左右[10],有報(bào)道指出年齡是最終妊娠結(jié)局獨(dú)立影響因素[11],35歲以上女性不孕即為高齡不孕,發(fā)生不孕癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大幅增加。通過上述臨床數(shù)據(jù)分析卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能減退尤其是年齡大的患者竇卵泡數(shù)少、卵母細(xì)胞質(zhì)量下降、對藥物反應(yīng)差,僅在卵泡期促排卵治療,平均獲卵數(shù)少、冷凍胚胎數(shù)少、相應(yīng)臨床妊娠率低。
2003年Baerwald等[12-13]提出,正常月經(jīng)周期中存在2~3個(gè)卵泡募集波,卵泡發(fā)育至2~5 mm時(shí),在促性腺激素的作用下可以繼續(xù)生長發(fā)育,并進(jìn)入下一個(gè)月經(jīng)周期的卵泡期,這個(gè)過程稱為周期募集。此后卵泡的發(fā)育依賴于促性腺激素,若促性腺激素水平低下,卵泡將發(fā)生閉鎖。Baerwald等認(rèn)為排卵后的FSH峰可募集卵泡,但黃體期高雌孕激素對垂體負(fù)反饋?zhàn)饔?,使FSH受到抑制,促性腺激素不足,導(dǎo)致卵泡閉鎖。自然或藥物提高黃體期FSH水平,可使黃體期出現(xiàn)卵泡募集并繼續(xù)發(fā)育,從而獲得成熟卵泡,這使得黃體期取卵得以在臨床實(shí)踐應(yīng)用.高齡婦女因卵泡儲(chǔ)備少而使得每一個(gè)卵泡倍顯珍貴。密切關(guān)注卵巢周期變化,捕捉發(fā)育成熟的卵泡,獲取高質(zhì)量的卵母細(xì)胞,達(dá)到妊娠目的對于高齡婦女格外重要。
表1 卵泡期和黃體期促排卵相關(guān)指標(biāo)比較
早期竇卵泡的顆粒細(xì)胞僅有FSH受體,在卵泡后期顆粒細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)LH受體,且受體量逐漸增多。排卵前LH與卵丘細(xì)胞上的LH/hCG受體結(jié)合,解除了卵母細(xì)胞減數(shù)分裂抑制狀態(tài),使卵子開始成熟。hCG日直徑<11 mm的卵泡由于缺乏LH受體,因此不受扳機(jī)時(shí)hCG注射的影響。Buendgen等[14-15]利用外源性FSH在黃體中期對卵巢反應(yīng)正?;颊哌M(jìn)行促排卵治療,并獲得較為滿意的妊娠率,為這一觀點(diǎn)提供了臨床依據(jù)。
另外本中心的黃體期促排卵方案周期取消率顯著高于微刺激方案,取消原因主要有提早排卵以及卵泡黃素化等。作者認(rèn)為如在黃體期促排過程中卵泡>12 mm或<3~5 mm的獲卵效果不佳,卵泡>12 mm,容易發(fā)生提早排卵或卵泡黃素化;卵泡<5 mm,則卵泡生長速度慢,甚至卵泡萎縮。因此,選擇直徑6~12 mm的小卵泡進(jìn)行黃體期促排卵,并適當(dāng)縮小黃體期促排卵周期hCG日最大卵泡徑線,可提高黃體期促排的成功率。
POR患者自然周期、微刺激周期、超促排周期均未能獲卵的病例,黃體期促排卵取卵不失為一種值得探索的新的有效促排卵方案,能使這部分患者獲得寶貴的胚胎,增加患者的生育機(jī)會(huì),但由于例數(shù)偏少,需要進(jìn)一步臨床研究論證。
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Application of Ovarian Stimulation during Follicular Phase J oint Luteal Phase in Patients with Poor Ovarian Response/
ZHONG J ia-jing,DONG Hua.//Medical Innovation of China,2015,12(11):029-031
Objective:To investigate the application and clinical experience with follicular phase mild ovarian stimulation joint luteal phase ovarian stimulation applied for in patients with poor ovarian response(P0R) in the cycle of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).Method:Totally 68 patients with POR were applied IVF cycles,They all accepted follicular phase mild ovarian stimulation and the subsequent luteal phase ovarian stimulation,The clinical data including average number of retrieved oocytes and proportion of retrieved oocytes,fertilization rate and number of frozen embryos, rate of embryo high quality and pregnancy rate in labor were analyzed.Result:The fertilization rate and rate of embryo high quality of two phases not statistical difference(P>0.05),but the average number of retrieved oocytes,proportion of retrieved oocytes,number of frozen embryos and pregnancy rate of luteal phase ovarian stimulation were significantly higher than follicular phase(P<0.05),and the average number of retrieved oocytes,proportion of retrievedoocytes,number of frozen embryos of follicular phase mild ovarian stimulation joint luteal phase ovarian stimulation significantly more than simply follicular phase(P<0.05),and 14 patients were pregnancied ultimately.Conclusion:In patients with POR receive luteal phase ovarian stimulation made the average number of retrieved oocytes, number of frozen embryos and pregnancy rate higher,and follicular phase mild ovarian stimulation joint luteal phase ovarian stimulation applied for in patients with (P0R) can effectively improve the clinical pregnancy outcome.
In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer; Luteal phase ovarian stimulation; Poor ovarian response
10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2015.11.010
2014-12-02) (本文編輯:陳丹云)
①廣東省湛江久和醫(yī)院 廣東 湛江 524000
鐘佳靜
First-author’s address:The J iuhe Hospital of Zhanjiang,Zhanjiang 524000,China