抑制信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)與轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子3對人前列腺癌細(xì)胞DU145生長的作用研究*
網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版時間:2015-10-13網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/52.5012.R.20151013.1147.008.html
張啟芳, 禹文峰, 官志忠
(貴州醫(yī)科大學(xué) 分子生物學(xué)重點實驗室, 貴州 貴陽550004)
[摘要]目的: 研究抑制信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)與轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子3(STAT3)表達(dá)對人前列腺癌細(xì)胞DU145生長的影響。方法: 用慢病毒pFLU-EGFP STAT3 shRNA(shRNA)質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染人前列腺癌細(xì)胞DU145構(gòu)建抑制STAT3表達(dá)的穩(wěn)定細(xì)胞株作為shRNA組,轉(zhuǎn)染空載體作為空白對照(mock)組,采用熒光定量聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)(qPCR)和免疫印跡(Western blot)方法檢測STAT3的mRNA和蛋白的表達(dá)水平,用結(jié)晶紫染色法檢測抑制STAT3表達(dá)對細(xì)胞生長的影響;用Matrigel細(xì)胞侵襲實驗檢測抑制STAT3表達(dá)對DU145細(xì)胞遷移侵襲能力的影響。結(jié)果: 與mock組相比,shRNA組STAT3 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)水平顯著下降,約為mock組的15%和20%,shRNA組DU145細(xì)胞的生長數(shù)目明顯減少,僅為空白對照組的41.8%;shRNA組DU145細(xì)胞對基底膜的侵襲能力降低,抑制率為mock組52.9%。結(jié)論: 抑制STAT3表達(dá)可降低前列腺癌細(xì)胞生長和遷移能力。
[關(guān)鍵詞]信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)與轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子3; 前列腺癌細(xì)胞; 細(xì)胞生長; 細(xì)胞侵襲
[基金項目]*國家自然科學(xué)
[中圖分類號]R737.25; R34-33[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A
The Effect of AbrogatingSTAT3 on Human Prostate Cancer Cell Growth
ZHANG Qifang, YU Wenfeng, GUAN Zhizhong
(KeyLaboratoryofMolecularBiology,GuizhouMedicalUniversity,Guiyang550004,Guizhou,China)
Abstract[] Objective: To investigate the effect of STAT3 silencing on growth and invasion of human prostate cancer cells. Methods: Lentiviruses expressing STAT3-specific shRNA were used to infect human prostate cancer DU145 cells to generate a stable cell line as shRNA group, non-specific shRNA as mock group. STAT3 expression was assessed by qPCR at transcriptional level and Western blot at protein level. The effect of STAT3 inhibition on cell growth was determined by crystal violet staining. Matrigel invasion assay was used to evaluate the effect of STAT3 inhibition on cell invasion.Results: Compared to mock group, STAT3 expression were silenced about 15% at transcriptional level and 20% at protein level. Cell growth was significantly delayed in shRNA group, about 41.8% of mock control. STAT3 silencing significantly impaired cell invasion ability and invaded cells were about 52.9% of mock group. Conclusions: Inhibiting STAT3 expression hinders growth and invasion of human prostate cancer cells.
[Key words] signal transducer and activator of transcription; prostate cancer cells; cell growth; cell invasion
男性癌癥死亡病例中,前列腺癌位居第2,雄激素剝奪療法最初能有效治療部分前列腺癌患者,但大多數(shù)患者2~3年后復(fù)發(fā),最終發(fā)展為勢抵抗性前列腺癌(castration-resistant prostate cancer,CRPC)。對于CRPC患者,尚無有效的治療方法[1]。信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)與轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子3(signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,STAT3)是白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)家族細(xì)胞因子、生長因子、G偶聯(lián)蛋白受體和Toll-樣受體等信號通路的交匯點[2]。許多人類惡性腫瘤中均出現(xiàn)持續(xù)性激活的STAT3蛋白[3-5],誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞增殖和抑制抗腫瘤免疫反應(yīng)等,導(dǎo)致腫瘤發(fā)生[2];STAT3蛋白在大約50%的原位前列腺癌細(xì)胞和前列腺癌細(xì)胞株呈持續(xù)性激活[6]。激活或高表達(dá)的STAT3蛋白促進(jìn)前列腺癌細(xì)胞抗凋亡、轉(zhuǎn)移和抗腫瘤藥物的耐藥性[4-9]。至今為止,研發(fā)出抑制STAT3的小分子藥物毒性太大。RNA干擾技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)提供了抑制STAT3基因表達(dá)的方法。課題組前期研究用STAT3 siRNA可抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡,對正常細(xì)胞毒性小[10]。本研究使用表達(dá)STAT3基因的發(fā)卡RNA(shRNA)慢性病毒成功感染人前列腺癌細(xì)胞DU145,探討抑制STAT3表達(dá)對人前列腺癌細(xì)胞DU145的生長和侵襲遷移能力的影響。
1材料與方法
人前列腺癌DU145細(xì)胞購自美國ATCC公司,10%胎牛血清購自Sigma公司,DMEM培養(yǎng)液購自Gibco公司,Antibiotic-Antimycotic購自Gibco公司,RNeasy Plus kit 購自Qiagen公司,cDNA合成試劑盒(iScript)購自Bio-Rad公司,兔抗STAT3 (sc-8019)、羊抗β-actin (sc-1616)、辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記的羊抗兔二抗(ZB-2301)及兔抗羊二抗 (ZB-2306) 購自美國Santa Cruz公司,Lipoectamine 2000 購自美國Invitrogen, 聚凝胺購自Sigma公司。
1.2.1細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及處理人前列腺癌DU145細(xì)胞在含10%胎牛血清、Antibiotic-Antimycotic的DMEM培養(yǎng)液,5% CO2的37 ℃培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。
1.2.2穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染pFLU-EGFP STAT3 shRNA細(xì)胞株的構(gòu)建采用pFLU-EGFP STAT3 shRNA 質(zhì)粒,轉(zhuǎn)染前18~20 h,將293T細(xì)胞用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)液傳代,待細(xì)胞長至70%~80%時換無抗生素DMEM培養(yǎng)液,按空白載體或目的質(zhì)粒進(jìn)行三包裝系統(tǒng)與脂質(zhì)體轉(zhuǎn)染,室溫靜置20 min,加入293T細(xì)胞,培養(yǎng)48 h收集上清,2 000 r/min離心15 min,收上清, 即為表達(dá)STAT3 shRNA慢病毒懸浮液,加培養(yǎng)基按1∶1比例稀釋STAT3 shRNA慢病毒懸浮液,加入聚凝胺至終濃度為8 μg/mL后。室溫靜置15 min,緩慢加入目的細(xì)胞DU145,5% CO2、37 ℃培養(yǎng)箱18 h,更換培養(yǎng)液,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)60 h,收集細(xì)胞,用流式細(xì)胞儀分選出熒光GFP陽性細(xì)胞作為shRNA組。采用轉(zhuǎn)染空載體作為空白對照(mock)組,方法同上。
1.2.3STAT3 mRNA表達(dá)水平實時熒光定量聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)(qPCR)方法,采用RNeasy試劑提取細(xì)胞總RNA,按iScript反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒說明書合成cDNA,用qPCR檢測STAT3 mRNA表達(dá)水平。用ProbeFinder Version 2.45(Roche)軟件設(shè)計探針-引物,探針購自Universal Probe Library(UPL), 人STAT3上游引物序列為5′-CTGCCTAGATCGGCTAGAAAAC-3′,下游引物序列為5′-CCCTTTGTAGGAAACTTTTTGC-3′,內(nèi)參照TATA-box binding protein(TBP)采用Roche’s Reference Assays。qPCR反應(yīng)條件為95 ℃ 30 s,95 ℃ 5 s、 60 ℃ 30 s(40個循環(huán))。采集待測基因和內(nèi)參照TBP的熒光信號值, 計算ΔΔCt及相對含量(RQ),RQ = 2-ΔΔCt。
1.2.4STAT3 蛋白表達(dá)水平Western Blot方法,收集細(xì)胞,提取總蛋白。SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳分離蛋白,將蛋白轉(zhuǎn)移到PVDF膜上,常規(guī)一抗和二抗孵育后, ECL超敏免疫印跡檢測試劑 (Amersham公司) 檢測蛋白表達(dá),用Image J軟件分析圖像強度。
1.2.5結(jié)晶紫染色細(xì)胞生長48 h,收集細(xì)胞、 100% 甲醇固定5~10 min,0.1% 結(jié)晶紫染色細(xì)胞15~20 min(以上步驟均用三蒸水溫和地漂洗細(xì)胞3次)及室溫自然烘干。顯微鏡照相,計數(shù)細(xì)胞數(shù)目。取10個照片視野細(xì)胞取平均作為每個樣品的細(xì)胞數(shù)。
1.2.6Matrigel細(xì)胞侵襲實驗 使用BD BioCoatTMMatrigelTMInvasion Chambers (354480)培養(yǎng)系統(tǒng),按說明書進(jìn)行操作。用迪夫快速染色液(Diff-Quik kit)染色,顯微鏡照相,計數(shù)侵襲細(xì)胞。取10個照片區(qū)域細(xì)胞取平均即為每個樣品的侵襲細(xì)胞數(shù)。
采用Graphpadprism 6.0自帶統(tǒng)計分析軟件處理數(shù)據(jù),每組實驗重復(fù)3次,數(shù)據(jù)均以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差()表示。兩組差異采用采用t檢驗。P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計意義。
2結(jié)果
與mock組相比,shRNA組STAT3 mRNA和蛋白水平顯著下降,約為mock組的15%和20%(圖1),說明表達(dá)載體pFLU-EGFP STAT3 shRNA可以有效干擾DU145細(xì)胞中STAT3的轉(zhuǎn)錄和翻譯。
(1)與mock組比較, P<0.05;A為STAT3 mRNA,B為STAT3 蛋白 圖1 STAT3 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)水平 Fig.1 pFLu-sh STAT3 silenced STAT3 expression
與mock組相比,shRNA組DU145細(xì)胞的數(shù)目明顯減少,僅為mock組的41.8%(圖2)。說明pFLU-EGFP-Puromycin STAT3 shRNA干擾STAT3的基因表達(dá)可以有效抑制 DU145細(xì)胞生長。
(1)與mock組比較, P<0.05 圖2 DU145細(xì)胞的數(shù)目 Fig.2 The cell growth was inhibited by STAT3 downregulation
Matrigel Invasion培養(yǎng)系統(tǒng)結(jié)果顯示, shRNA組DU145細(xì)胞對基底膜的侵襲能力低于mock組,抑制率為mock組52.9%(圖3),說明抑制STAT3表達(dá)能影響DU145細(xì)胞的遷移侵襲能力。
(1)與mock組比較, P<0.05 圖3 DU145細(xì)胞的運動侵襲能力 Fig.3 Blocking STAT3 ability inhibited cell invasion
3討論
前列腺癌患者多數(shù)復(fù)發(fā)后發(fā)展為CRPC,難以治愈,死亡率高[1]。多西他賽是CRPC患者第一線抗癌藥物,但患者迅速出現(xiàn)耐藥。對于如何有效抑制CRPC細(xì)胞生長是目前亟待解決的問題。本研究以人前列腺癌細(xì)胞DU145為研究對象,用STAT3基因特異的shRNA抑制DU145細(xì)胞的STAT3表達(dá)后對DU145細(xì)胞的生長和侵潤能力的影響。
有研究表明持續(xù)性激活的STAT3蛋白促進(jìn)前列腺癌起始細(xì)胞和前列腺癌分化細(xì)胞的生長。DU145細(xì)胞表達(dá)腫瘤干細(xì)胞標(biāo)記乙醛脫氫酶(ALDH),并且ALDH陽性的DU145細(xì)胞表達(dá)高水平的磷酸化STAT3蛋白。用STAT3抑制劑肉盤菌內(nèi)酯(galiellalactone)處理DU145細(xì)胞后,能抑制ALDH陽性細(xì)胞生長[11]。用小白菊內(nèi)酯抑制STAT3轉(zhuǎn)錄活性,可阻止多種前列腺癌細(xì)胞株分離出的腫瘤起始細(xì)胞在體內(nèi)生長[12]。筆者的前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)STAT3活化能促進(jìn)前列腺癌細(xì)胞的腫瘤繁殖潛力[7],有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)抑制STAT3基因后,細(xì)胞生長速度顯著下降。此外,STAT3活性促進(jìn)前列腺癌細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移,抑制其活性則降低前列腺癌細(xì)胞的遷移能力[8-9]。本研究結(jié)果顯示與空白對照組相比,shRNA組STAT3 mRNA和蛋白水平顯著下降,約為空白對照組的15%和20%, shRNA組DU145細(xì)胞的數(shù)目明顯減少,僅為空白對照組的41.8%;shRNA組DU145細(xì)胞對基底膜的侵襲能力降低,抑制率為空白對照組52.9%,說明表達(dá)載體pFLU-EGFP STAT3 shRNA可以有效干擾DU145細(xì)胞中STAT3的轉(zhuǎn)錄和翻譯,能有效抑制 DU145細(xì)胞生長,消弱了DU145細(xì)胞的侵襲遷移能力。下一步將檢測STAT3基因特異的shRNA是否能增強多西他賽對CRPC抗癌效果。
4參考文獻(xiàn)
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(2015-09-02收稿,2015-09-30修回)
中文編輯: 吳昌學(xué); 英文編輯: 周凌