抑制STAT3表達(dá)增強(qiáng)多西他賽對(duì)人前列腺癌細(xì)胞的抗腫瘤作用*
**通信作者 E-mail:842031616@qq.com
網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版時(shí)間:2015-10-13網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/52.5012.R.20151013.1248.022.html
張啟芳, 吳昌學(xué), 官志忠
(貴州醫(yī)科大學(xué) 分子生物學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 貴州 貴陽(yáng)550004)
[摘要]目的: 研究抑制信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)與轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子3(STAT3)的表達(dá)增強(qiáng)多西他賽對(duì)人前列腺癌細(xì)胞DU145的抗腫瘤作用的影響。方法: 用慢病毒pFLU-EGFP shSTAT3質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染人前列腺癌細(xì)胞DU145、構(gòu)建抑制STAT3的穩(wěn)定細(xì)胞株作為shRNA組,轉(zhuǎn)染空載體作為空白對(duì)照(mock)組,采用Western blot方法檢測(cè)兩組人前列腺癌細(xì)胞DU145上STAT3 和Bcl-2蛋白表達(dá),用Annexin V /PI 染色法測(cè)定經(jīng)過多西他賽處理的已抑制STAT3表達(dá)的DU145細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞凋亡;成瘤實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)采用STAT3抑制與多西他賽(DOX)聯(lián)合分別注射接種于雄性免疫缺陷小鼠(NSG)的DU145腫瘤和腹腔,觀察接種22 d時(shí)的小鼠體質(zhì)量和腫瘤體積。結(jié)果: pFLU-EGFP STAT3 shRNA載體在沉默STAT3基因表達(dá)后,人前列腺癌細(xì)胞DU145中抗凋亡基因Bcl-2表達(dá)下調(diào),顯著降低STAT3和Bcl-2蛋白表達(dá)水平;抑制STAT3表達(dá)后DU145細(xì)胞對(duì)多西他賽敏感性顯著增加,凋亡細(xì)胞顯著增多,對(duì)多西他賽的敏感性提高了4倍;小鼠成瘤實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,接種Dox+shRNA小鼠體質(zhì)量和腫瘤體積明顯下降,抑瘤率增加約80%。結(jié)論: 抑制前列腺癌DU145細(xì)胞中STAT3表達(dá)能增強(qiáng)多西他賽抗癌的敏感性,STAT3抑制與多西他賽聯(lián)合注射接種可增強(qiáng)多西他賽對(duì)人前列腺癌的抗癌效果。
[關(guān)鍵詞]抑制信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)與轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子3; 前列腺癌細(xì)胞; 多西他賽; 細(xì)胞凋亡; 敏感性
[基金項(xiàng)目]*國(guó)家自然科學(xué)
[中圖分類號(hào)]R737.25; R34-33[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A
Effect of BlockingSTAT3 Augments on Resistance of
Human Prostate Cancer Cells to Docetaxel
ZHANG Qifang, WU Changxue, GUAN Zhizhong
(KeyLaboratoryofMolecularBiology,GuizhouMedicalUniversity,Guiyang550004,Guizhou,China)
Abstract[] Objective: To investigate the effect of STAT3 silencing on the sensitivity of human prostate cancer cells to docetaxel treatment. Methods: Lentiviruses expressing STAT3-specific shRNA were used to infect human prostate cancer DU145 cells to generate a stable cell line as shRNA group, non-specific shRNA as mock group. STAT3 expression and Bcl-2 expression were detected by Western blot. Apoptosis induced by docetaxel was assessed by Annexin V/PI Staining. To determine the effect of STAT3 inhibition on anti-tumor effect of docetaxol in vivo, STAT3 shRNA plasmid and doectaxol were injected into subcutaneous DU145 tumors and perifeneals of NSG immunodeficient male mice,respecti-vely. Tumor weights and tumor volumes were examined at 22 d after implantation. Results: STAT3 expression was significantly silenced. STAT3 silencing resulted in the downregulation of its downstream target, an anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2. The apoptotic cell death induced by docetaxel was significantly augmented by STAT3 inhibition and apoptotic cells had 4-fold increase compared mock group. Tumor formation assay showed that the tumor weight and tumor volumes in DOX+shRNA group were remarkably decreased when compared to mock+DOX group. The tumor inhibition was about 80% in DOX+shRNA group. Conclusions: STAT3 silencing enhances the sensitivity of Du145 cells to docetaxel and antitumor effect of docetaxel.
[Key words] signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; prostate cancer cells; docetaxel; apoptosis; sensitivity
雄激素剝奪療法最初能有效治療對(duì)雄激素有反應(yīng)的前列腺癌患者,但大多2~3年后癌癥復(fù)發(fā),并發(fā)展成為去勢(shì)抵抗性前列腺癌(castration-resistant prostate cancer,CRPC)。目前尚無CRPC的有效治療方法,多西他賽是第一線CRPC的抗癌藥,僅約48%患者對(duì)多西他賽治療有效果,但會(huì)迅速出現(xiàn)耐藥性[1-3]。信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)與轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子3(signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,STAT3)蛋白在許多小鼠和人腫瘤細(xì)胞呈持續(xù)性激活狀態(tài),持續(xù)性激活的STAT3蛋白能刺激癌細(xì)胞增殖、抗凋亡、侵襲遷移及免疫抑制等[4-7]。激活或高表達(dá)的STAT3蛋白促進(jìn)前列腺癌細(xì)胞抗凋亡、轉(zhuǎn)移和耐藥性[3, 8-12],本課題前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),用STAT3基因特異的shRNA抑制STAT3表達(dá)后,可阻礙CRPC細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)和侵襲遷移力,STAT3靶基因Bcl-2是一種原癌基因,它具有抑制凋亡的作用,可以抑制由多種細(xì)胞毒因素所引起的細(xì)胞死亡。本研究以人前列腺癌細(xì)胞DU145和雄性免疫缺陷小鼠(NOD-SCID IL-2receptor gamma null mice,NSG)為模型,觀察抑制STAT3的表達(dá)對(duì)人前列腺癌細(xì)胞DU145的多西他賽的耐藥性的影響。
1材料與方法
多西他賽(Docetaxel)購(gòu)自Sigma公司,人前列腺癌DU145細(xì)胞購(gòu)自美國(guó)ATCC ,10%胎牛血清購(gòu)自Sigma公司,DMEM培養(yǎng)液購(gòu)自Gibco公司,Antibiotic-Antimycotic購(gòu)自Gibco公司,RNeasy Plus kit 購(gòu)自Qiagen公司,cDNA合成試劑盒(iScript)購(gòu)自Bio-Rad公司,兔抗STAT3 (sc-8019)、羊抗β-actin (sc-1616)、Bcl-2(Santa Cruz)、辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記的羊抗兔二抗(ZB-2301)、兔抗羊二抗 (ZB-2306) 購(gòu)自美國(guó)Santa Cruz公司, ECL超敏免疫印跡檢測(cè)試劑購(gòu)自Amersham公司),Annexin V/PI 雙染色法凋亡試劑盒(88-8007) 購(gòu)自美國(guó)eBiosciences,Lipoectamine 2000 購(gòu)自美國(guó)Invitrogen, 聚凝胺購(gòu)自Sigma公司。
1.2.1細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及處理人前列腺癌DU145細(xì)胞在含10%胎牛血清、1× Antibiotic-Antimycotic的DMEM培養(yǎng)液,5% CO2的37 ℃培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。
1.2.2穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染pFLU-EGFP STAT3 shRNA細(xì)胞株的構(gòu)建 采用pFLU-EGFP-Puromycin STAT3 shRNA 質(zhì)粒,轉(zhuǎn)染前18~20 h,將293T細(xì)胞用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)液傳代,待細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)至70%~80%時(shí)換無抗生素DMEM培養(yǎng)液,按空白載體或質(zhì)粒進(jìn)行三包裝系統(tǒng)與脂質(zhì)體轉(zhuǎn)染,室溫靜置20 min,加入293T細(xì)胞,培養(yǎng)48 h收集上清,2 000 r/min離心15 min,收上清, 即為表達(dá)STAT3 shRNA慢病毒懸浮液。加培養(yǎng)基按1∶1比例稀釋STAT3 shRNA慢病毒懸浮液,加入聚凝胺至終濃度為8 μg/mL后。室溫靜置15 min,緩慢加入目的細(xì)胞DU145,5% CO2、37 ℃培養(yǎng)箱18 h,更換培養(yǎng)液,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)60 h,收集細(xì)胞,用流式細(xì)胞儀分選出熒光GFP陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞作為shRNA組。采用轉(zhuǎn)染空載體作為空白對(duì)照組(mock),方法同上。
1.2.3STAT3和Bcl-2蛋白表達(dá)水平蛋白印跡(Western Blot)法檢測(cè),收集細(xì)胞,提取總蛋白,SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳分離蛋白,將蛋白轉(zhuǎn)移到PVDF膜上,常規(guī)一抗和二抗孵育后, ECL超敏免疫印跡檢測(cè)試劑檢測(cè)蛋白表達(dá),用Image J軟件分析圖像強(qiáng)度。
1.2.4細(xì)胞凋亡實(shí)驗(yàn)用多西他賽處理shRNA組和Mock組細(xì)胞,終濃度為1.0 nmol/L,在37 ℃、5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱孵育48 h,收集細(xì)胞用Annexin V/PI 雙染色法凋亡試劑盒(88-8007)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡,以Mock組作為空白對(duì)照,按使用說明書操作。樣品準(zhǔn)備好后上流式細(xì)胞儀測(cè)試,數(shù)據(jù)用FlowJo V6 軟件分析。
1.2.5體內(nèi)抗腫瘤實(shí)驗(yàn) 在100 μL 1×PBS中制備含中5×106的 DU145細(xì)胞懸浮,并接種于雄性NSG小鼠腹部皮下。根據(jù)公式V=L×W2/2計(jì)算腫瘤體積(V為體積,L為瘤體的長(zhǎng),W為寬);待瘤塊長(zhǎng)至約150 mm3時(shí),將NSG鼠隨機(jī)分為3組,每組6只,分別為Mock組、多西他賽(Dox)+Mock組及Dox+shRNA組,Mock組瘤內(nèi)注射空載體,Dox+Mock組瘤內(nèi)注射空載體,2 d注射1次,0.50 mg/(kg·次),Dox+shRNA瘤內(nèi)注射pFLU-EGFP STAT3 shRNA載體,后兩組于接種后第10天、14 天和18天腹腔注射DOX,劑量為1 mg/(kg·次);第22天,稱取NSG小鼠體質(zhì)量,處死小鼠,分別測(cè)量瘤體的L、W計(jì)算腫瘤V。
采用Graphpadprism 6.0自帶統(tǒng)計(jì)分析軟件處理數(shù)據(jù),每組實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次,數(shù)據(jù)均以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差()表示;兩組差異采用t檢驗(yàn),多組單變量實(shí)驗(yàn)間的差異采用單因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA),不同組腫瘤體積差異采用雙因素方差分析(Two-way ANOVA), 以P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
結(jié)果顯示 shRNA組STAT3蛋白表達(dá)水平約為Mock組的40%,被抑制約60%; Bcl-2蛋白水平約為Mock組的40%,被下調(diào)了60%,見圖1;說明pFLU-EGFP-Puromycin STAT3 shRNA載體可以通過抑制DU145細(xì)胞中STAT3的表達(dá),下調(diào)STAT3的抗凋亡靶基因Bcl-2的蛋白水平。
(1)與mock組比較, P<0.05 圖1 STAT3和Bcl-2蛋白表達(dá)水平 Fig.1 Protein expression levels of STAT3 and Bcl-2
與Mock組和Mock+Dox組相比,Dox+shRNA的DU145細(xì)胞凋亡率顯著增高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);抑制STAT3表達(dá)的DU145細(xì)胞對(duì)多西他賽的敏感性提高了4倍。見圖2。
(1)與mock比較,P<0.05; (2)與mock+Dox比較,P<0.05 圖2 轉(zhuǎn)染后DU145細(xì)胞對(duì)多西他賽的敏感性 Fig.2 STAT3 silencing enhances the sensitivity of DU145 cells to Docetaxol
接種第22天,與Mock組和Mock+Dox組相比,Dox+shRNA腫瘤質(zhì)量明顯下降,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);Mock組平均的瘤體積為1 689.5 mm3,Mock+Dox平均瘤體積為902.1 mm3,而shRNA + Dox的平均瘤體積為109.6 mm3,對(duì)腫瘤生長(zhǎng)的抑制率達(dá)到了近80%,見圖3。說明抑制STAT3增強(qiáng)了多西他賽抗腫瘤效果。
(1)與mock組比較, P<0.05; (2)與mock+Dox比較, P<0.05 圖3 抑制STAT3表達(dá)增強(qiáng)了多西他賽抗腫瘤效果 Fig.3 STAT3 inhibition augments antitumor efficacy of Docetaxol
3討論
多西他賽是治療去勢(shì)抵抗前列腺癌(CRPC)病人的第一線治療藥物,但這些病人迅速出現(xiàn)多西他賽耐藥,臨床急需尋求有效的解決方法。
STAT3活化可激活轉(zhuǎn)錄下游抗凋亡基因的表達(dá),抑制細(xì)胞凋亡;抑制STAT3活性可以促進(jìn)前列腺癌細(xì)胞凋亡[13]。腫瘤干細(xì)胞標(biāo)記乙醛脫氫酶(ALDH)陽(yáng)性的DU145細(xì)胞表達(dá)高水平的磷酸化STAT3蛋白。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)用STAT3抑制劑處理DU145細(xì)胞后,可減少ALDH陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞數(shù),誘導(dǎo)DU145 ALDH陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞的凋亡[14]。用小白菊內(nèi)酯抑制STAT3轉(zhuǎn)錄活性,可誘導(dǎo)從多種前列腺癌細(xì)胞株分離出的腫瘤起始細(xì)胞凋亡,并阻止他們?cè)隗w內(nèi)生長(zhǎng)[15]。DU145細(xì)胞比多數(shù)前列腺癌細(xì)胞如LnCap細(xì)胞對(duì)多西他賽耐藥,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn), Dox+shRNA的DU145細(xì)胞凋亡率顯著高于Mock組和Mock+Dox組(P<0.05),抑制STAT3表達(dá)的DU145細(xì)胞對(duì)多西他賽的敏感性提高了4倍,說明STAT3活性可能是DU145細(xì)胞對(duì)多西他賽耐藥的主要原因之一。本研究抑制STAT3基因表達(dá)后,下調(diào)抗凋亡靶基因基因Bcl-2的表達(dá),增強(qiáng)了DU145細(xì)胞對(duì)多西他賽的敏感性,凋亡細(xì)胞顯著增多,提示聯(lián)合抑制STAT3蛋白表達(dá)和多西他賽可能可增強(qiáng)多西他賽的抗腫瘤效果。本研究體內(nèi)抗腫瘤實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示在接種后第22 天,腫瘤質(zhì)量明顯下降,多西他賽對(duì)腫瘤生長(zhǎng)的抑制率達(dá)到了近80%。提示抑制STAT3表達(dá)能顯著增強(qiáng)多西他賽對(duì)人前列腺癌的抗癌效果,說明聯(lián)合治療具有較好的協(xié)同作用。
綜上所述,多西他賽聯(lián)合pFLU-EGFP STAT3 shRNA載體接種表現(xiàn)出很好的協(xié)同抗瘤效果,加之RNA干擾技術(shù)副作用小,表明RNA干擾技術(shù)在抗腫瘤治療方面很有前景。但針對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)移性癌癥,如何靶向輸送RNA干擾片段到目的組織和細(xì)胞還需進(jìn)一步的研究。
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(2015-09-02收稿,2015-09-29修回)
中文編輯: 吳昌學(xué); 英文編輯: 周凌