隋欣
摘 要 本文首先介紹了常見(jiàn)的優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型,其次對(duì)2015年全國(guó)大學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)建模競(jìng)賽專科組D題眾籌筑屋規(guī)劃方案設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析,建立優(yōu)化模型,并利用Mathematica 軟件編程得到最優(yōu)解。
關(guān)鍵詞 眾籌筑屋規(guī)劃 優(yōu)化模型 Mathematica軟件
中圖分類號(hào):O224 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A DOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdks.2015.12.024
Optimization Mathematical Model of Building a House to
Raise Public Planning and its Application
SUI Xin
(Public Education Department, Changchun Automobile Industry Institute, Changchun, Jilin 130000)
Abstract This paper introduces the common optimization mathematical model, and secondly for 2015 National Mathematical Contest in Modeling Specialist Group D title Public building a house plan designed to raise the problem analysis, the optimal model, and using Mathematica software programming to get the optimal solution.
Key words building a house to raise public planning; optimization model; Mathematica software
在工程技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)管理、科學(xué)研究和日常生活等諸多領(lǐng)域中,人們經(jīng)常遇到的一類決策問(wèn)題:在一系列客觀或主觀限制條件下,尋求所關(guān)注的某個(gè)或多個(gè)指標(biāo)達(dá)到最大(或最小)的決策。數(shù)學(xué)上稱為最優(yōu)化問(wèn)題,研究處理這種問(wèn)題的方法叫最優(yōu)化方法,建立的模型叫優(yōu)化模型。優(yōu)化模型一般有下面三個(gè)要素:決策變量、目標(biāo)函數(shù)、約束條件。常見(jiàn)的優(yōu)化模型有:線性規(guī)劃模型、整數(shù)線性規(guī)劃模型、非線性規(guī)劃模型等。
(1)線性規(guī)劃模型(目標(biāo)函數(shù)和約束條件關(guān)于決策變量都是線性的):() =
(2)整數(shù)線性規(guī)劃模型(某些決策變量或全部決策變量必須取整數(shù)):() =
(3)非線性規(guī)劃模型(目標(biāo)函數(shù)和約束條件包含有非線性函數(shù)):
下面針對(duì)2015年全國(guó)大學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)建模競(jìng)賽專科組D題眾籌筑屋規(guī)劃方案設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題利用優(yōu)化模型求解。(原題和附件省略)
1 符號(hào)設(shè)立(見(jiàn)表1)
2 模型假設(shè)
(1)假設(shè)附件中所提供的數(shù)據(jù)都是準(zhǔn)確的。(2)假設(shè)參籌登記網(wǎng)民對(duì)各種房型的滿意比例不變。(3)假設(shè)房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)費(fèi)用是取得土地支付的金額和開(kāi)發(fā)成本之和的10%。(4)假設(shè)所占有的面積不是舊房及建筑物。
表1
3模型建立與求解
3.1 第一問(wèn)模型
= , = , = 10%( + ), = 5.65%, = 20%( + ), = + + + , = + + + + , = , = , = , = 。
由附件1、2、3所提供信息計(jì)算得
= , =
由附件1、2、3所提供信息計(jì)算得
= 2484163080, = 641684687.9,
= 120872232.4, = 2.275209825,
= 539418294.9, = 0.199245726,
= 0.25831021, = 0.583
3.2 第二問(wèn)模型
為了滿足參籌者的購(gòu)滿意愿,建模非線性整數(shù)規(guī)劃模型:
=
Mathematica程序如下:
Maximize[{(0.4x1+0.6x2+0.5x3+0.6x4+0.7x5+0.8x6+0.9x7 +0.6x8+0.2x9+0.3x10+0.4x11)/(x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9 +x10+x11),(77x1+98x2+117x3+145x4+156x5+167x6+178x7+126x8) 102077.6*2.28,50<=x1<=450,50<=x2 500,50<=x3 300,150<=x4<=500,100<=x5 550,150<=x6 350,50<=x7<=450,100<=x8 250,50<=x9?350,50<=x10<=400,50<=x11?250,x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10+x11 1950,Element[{x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8,x9,x10,x11},Integers]},{x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8,x9,x10,x11}]
運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
{0.649008,{x1 50,x2 167,x3 50,x4 150,x5 227,x6 316,x7 450,x8 123,x9 50,x10 132,x11 250}}
對(duì)方案Ⅱ進(jìn)行核算得,
= 2274632870, = 460166154.2,
= 79980976.09, = 1.989662766,
= 286548974.9, = 0.113339711,endprint
= 0.202303484, = 0.706897
3.3 第二問(wèn)模型
根據(jù)問(wèn)題二中計(jì)算結(jié)果投資回報(bào)率未達(dá)到25%,故優(yōu)化模型把達(dá)到25%作為約束條件解出相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù),代入程序當(dāng)中求出方案。
建立非線性規(guī)劃模型:
=
利用Mathematica軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)優(yōu)化處理時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)≥50%時(shí)沒(méi)有可行解,而當(dāng)≤20%時(shí)容積率、投資回報(bào)率等未達(dá)到要求,故將增值率限定在20%≤≤50%內(nèi)。
Mathematica程序如下:
k={12000,10800,11200,12800,12800,13600,14000,10400, 6400,6800,7200};xx=Array[x,11];mm={77,98,117,145,156, 167,178,126,103,129,133};f=Sum[mm[[i]]*k[[i]]*x[i],{i,1,11}];g0=77*4263*x[1]+98*4323*x[2]+145*5288*x[4]+156*5268*x[5]+167*5533*x[6]+178*5685*x[7]+103*2663*x[9]+129*2791 *x[10];g00=g0+117*4532*x[3]+126*4323*x[8]+133*2982*x[11];q=777179627;g1=0.1(q+g0);g11=0.1(q+g00);g22=g2=f*0.0565;g3=0.2(q+g0);g33=0.2(q+g00);g=q+g0+4532*x[3]+4323*x[8]+2982*x[11]+g11+g22;h=q+g0+g1+g2+g3;b1=77x[1]+98x[2]+117x[3];b2=145x[4]+156x[5]+167x[6]+178x[7]+126x[8]+133x[11];k1=b1/(b1+b2);k2=b2/(b1+b2);a12=103x[9]k2;a22=129x[10]k2;a11=103x[9]k1;a21=129x[10]k1;m=(a12+a22+b2)/(b1+b2+102x[9]+129x[10]);Maximize[{(0.4x[1]+0.6x[2]+0.5x[3]+0.6x[4]+0.7x[5]+0.8x[6]+0.9x[7]+0.6x[8]+0.2x[9]+0.3x[10]+0.4x[11])/(x[1]+x[2]+x[3]+x[4]+x[5]+x[6]+x[7]+x[8]+x[9]+x[10]+x[11]),50 x[1] 450,50 x[2] 500,50 x[3] 300,150 x[4] 500,100 x[5] 550,150 x[6] 350,50 x[7] 450,100 x[8] 250,50 x[9] 350,50 x[10] 400,50 x[11] 250,77x[1]+98x[2]+117x[3]+145x[4]+156x[5]+167x[6]+178x[7]+126x[8] 102077.6*2.28,1.2h 運(yùn)行結(jié)果:{0.6939577039274925, {[1]→50, [2]→50, [3]→71, [4]→150, [5]→136, [6]→347, [7]→450, [8]→250, [9]→51, [10]→50, [11]→50}} 將數(shù)據(jù)帶入模型計(jì)算得: = 2.24899, = 0.693958, = 0.321106達(dá)到要求,項(xiàng)目能被執(zhí)行。 參考文獻(xiàn) [1] 韓中庚.數(shù)學(xué)建模方法及其應(yīng)用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009.