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地卓西平馬來酸鹽對抑郁大鼠行為學和前額葉BDNF表達的影響

2016-02-24 10:09高振勇杜向東
四川精神衛(wèi)生 2016年6期
關(guān)鍵詞:利血平前額游泳

高振勇,楊 平,杜向東

(蘇州市廣濟醫(yī)院,江蘇 蘇州 215008

論著·基礎(chǔ)

地卓西平馬來酸鹽對抑郁大鼠行為學和前額葉BDNF表達的影響

高振勇,楊 平*,杜向東

(蘇州市廣濟醫(yī)院,江蘇 蘇州 215008

目的 觀察地卓西平馬來酸鹽(MK-801)預處理對利血平誘導的抑郁模型大鼠抑郁行為的改善作用及大腦前額葉腦源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子(BDNF)表達的影響。方法 采用隨機數(shù)字表法將32只成年雄性SD大鼠分為4組:對照組、利血平模型組、MK-801+利血平組和MK-801組,每組8只。MK-801+利血平組和MK-801組預先給予腹腔注射MK-801(0.3 mg/kg),對照組和利血平模型組腹腔注射相應體積的生理鹽水。30 min后,利血平模型組和MK-801+利血平組腹腔注射利血平(4 mg/kg),對照組和MK-801組腹腔注射相同體積的乙酸溶劑。注射利血平48 h后利用強迫游泳實驗觀察大鼠的抑郁樣行為表現(xiàn),并在行為實驗完成后處死大鼠,以酶聯(lián)免疫吸附實驗(ELISA)檢測大腦前額葉BDNF的表達水平。結(jié)果 在強迫游泳實驗中,利血平模型組強迫游泳不動時間[(49.38±7.85) s]長于對照組[(15.59±5.43) s],差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(t=11.91,P<0.01);MK-801+利血平組強迫游泳不動時間[(12.32±4.25) s]短于利血平模型組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(t=13.06,P<0.05)。ELISA結(jié)果顯示,利血平模型組前額葉BDNF表達水平[(10.09±0.88) ng/mL]低于對照組[(13.29±1.10) ng/mL],差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(t=6.44,P<0.01);MK-801+利血平組大鼠前額葉的BDNF表達水平[(12.56±1.83) ng/mL]高于利血平模型組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(t=3.44,P<0.05)。結(jié)論 MK-801可改善大鼠的抑郁樣行為,其機制可能與調(diào)節(jié)腦內(nèi)BDNF的表達有關(guān)。

利血平;抑郁癥;地卓西平馬來酸鹽;前額葉;腦源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子

抑郁癥是一種常見的以情感低落為主要表現(xiàn)的精神疾病,全球多達20%的人在一生中的某一時刻有過一次抑郁發(fā)作[1]。當抑郁發(fā)作變?yōu)槁曰蚍磸桶l(fā)作并嚴重損害個體的機能時就稱為重性抑郁障礙(Major depressive disorder,MDD),其主要臨床癥狀有快感缺失、意志活動減退、思維遲緩以及自我關(guān)注增強[2]。有學者對傳統(tǒng)精神病理的單胺類遞質(zhì)學說提出了質(zhì)疑,他們認為谷氨酸及其受體在許多精神心理障礙的發(fā)生中起著關(guān)鍵作用,其他神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)如去甲腎上腺素(NE)、5-羥色胺(5-HT)和多巴胺(DA)等也是在谷氨酸異常的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)生變化的[3]。調(diào)節(jié)N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受體通道活性具有治療或輔助治療抑郁的效應,NMDA受體拮抗劑地卓西平(MK-801)單獨應用或與經(jīng)典抗抑郁藥物合用都有抗抑郁作用[4-6]。許多證據(jù)顯示腦源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)與情感障礙的病理生理學機制有關(guān)[7-8]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),抑郁癥患者海馬部位及前額葉皮層部位BDNF水平明顯降低[9],腦卒中后抑郁(Post-stroke Depression,PSD)大鼠額前皮質(zhì)BDNF mRNA表達減少也可能與PSD發(fā)病機制相關(guān)[10]。因此本研究通過利血平建立抑郁癥大鼠模型,并應用NMDA受體拮抗劑MK-801進行干預,觀察抑郁模型大鼠行為學和前額葉BDNF的變化,由此探討MK-801的抗抑郁作用及其可能的作用機制。

1 材料與方法

1.1 材料

1.1.1 實驗動物和飼養(yǎng)

清潔級成年健康雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠,體質(zhì)量200~260 g,由汕頭大學醫(yī)學院實驗動物中心提供。實驗前大鼠在動物房飼養(yǎng)一周,每籠飼養(yǎng)4只,12 h/12 h晝夜交替,環(huán)境溫度(24±1)℃,大鼠自由進食、飲水。飼養(yǎng)期間每天觸摸大鼠2 h使大鼠適應實驗人員的操作。實驗動物的操作和處理過程均遵守實驗動物管理條例的相關(guān)規(guī)定。

1.1.2 儀器和試劑

強迫游泳視頻分析系統(tǒng)(上海移數(shù)信息科技有限公司);利血平溶液(Sigma公司),溶于10%的乙酸溶液(pH 3.5),配成2 mg/mL的利血平溶液;MK-801溶液(Sigma公司),溶于生理鹽水中,配成質(zhì)量濃度為0.15 mg/mL的MK-801溶液;大鼠腦源性神經(jīng)生長因子酶聯(lián)免疫吸附實驗(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)試劑盒(武漢博士德生物工程有限公司EK0308);RIPA裂解液(強)、PMSF(江蘇碧云天生物技術(shù)有限公司)。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 實驗分組和給藥

采用隨機數(shù)字表法將32只大鼠分為4組,即對照組、利血平模型組、MK-801+利血平組和MK-801組,每組8只。MK-801+利血平組和MK-801組按2 mL/kg劑量腹腔注射0.15 mg/mL的MK-801溶液進行預處理,對照組和利血平模型組腹腔注射相同體積的生理鹽水。30 min后,利血平模型組和MK-801+利血平組均按2 mL/kg劑量腹腔注射2 mg/mL利血平溶液,對照組和MK-801組腹腔注射相同體積的乙酸溶劑。

1.2.2 行為學檢測

在腹腔注射利血平溶液后48 h對各組大鼠進行強迫游泳實驗。強迫游泳實驗由4個直徑30 cm、高65 cm的樹脂玻璃筒組成,水面距離水筒上緣14 cm,水溫控制在(25±1)℃,將水筒放置于安靜、避光的觀察室中。測試前一天先將大鼠放入水中預游泳15 min,進行適應性訓練,24 h后再次游泳5 min,錄像并分析大鼠在5 min 游泳時間內(nèi)的不動時間,以此作為判斷大鼠抑郁嚴重程度的指標。將不動時間定義為大鼠四肢沒有運動或大鼠為了漂浮在水面上而僅有后肢輕微的運動。每個樹脂玻璃筒檢測完一只大鼠后需徹底清潔并換水再檢測下一只大鼠。

1.2.3 BDNF表達水平檢測

行為學檢測完畢后,將大鼠腹腔注射2%戊巴比妥鈉溶液(2.3 mL/kg)麻醉后斷頭取腦,分離前額葉組織。檢測前溶解RIPA裂解液,混勻,取適量的裂解液,在使用前數(shù)分鐘內(nèi)加入PMSF,使PMSF的最終濃度為1 mmol/L。按照質(zhì)量體積比(g/mL)1:10加入裂解液,勻漿棒研磨前額葉組織,直至充分裂解,然后放入4℃離心機,離心半徑20.5 cm,14 000 r/min,離心5 min,取上清液,應用大鼠腦源性神經(jīng)生長因子ELISA試劑盒檢測前額葉BDNF的表達。

1.3 統(tǒng)計方法

2 結(jié) 果

2.1MK-801對利血平誘導的抑郁模型大鼠強迫游泳不動時間的影響

四組大鼠強迫游泳不動時間差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(F=81.365,P<0.01)。組間兩兩比較經(jīng)LSD檢驗顯示,與對照組相比,利血平模型組強迫游泳不動時間在利血平注射后48 h明顯增多,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(t=11.91,P<0.01);與利血平模型組相比,MK-801+利血平組強迫游泳不動時間在利血平注射后48 h明顯減少,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(t=13.06,P<0.05)。見表1。

2.2 MK-801對利血平誘導的抑郁模型大鼠前額葉BDNF表達的影響

四組大鼠前額葉BDNF的表達差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(F=16.963,P<0.01)。組間兩兩比較經(jīng)Dunnett' s T3檢驗顯示,利血平模型組大鼠前額葉BDNF表達低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(t=6.44,P<0.01),而MK-801+利血平組大鼠前額葉的BDNF表達高于利血平模型組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(t=3.44,P<0.05)。見表1。

注:與對照組比較,aP<0.01;與利血平模型組比較,bP<0.05

3 討 論

20世紀50年代,利血平被廣泛應用于高血壓病的治療,但臨床研究發(fā)現(xiàn)長期應用利血平后一些患者會出現(xiàn)抑郁癥狀。由此出現(xiàn)的由利血平誘導的行為性抑郁動物模型被廣泛應用于抑郁癥發(fā)病機制的研究和抗抑郁藥物的研發(fā)[11-12]。強迫游泳實驗是評價抗抑郁藥作用常用的行為學檢測方法,最早由Porsolt等[13]描述,并由Weiss等[14]改進用來檢測嚙齒類動物的抑郁行為表現(xiàn)。實驗中,大鼠或小鼠被迫在一個局限的空間內(nèi)游泳,它們首先試圖逃跑,隨后處于一種漂浮不動狀態(tài),放棄逃脫的希望,即行為絕望。通過計算動物在強迫游泳中的不動時間作為判斷動物抑郁行為嚴重程度的指標。本研究結(jié)果顯示,在腹腔注射利血平48 h后,利血平模型組大鼠強迫游泳不動時間多于對照組(P<0.01),表明利血平模型組大鼠處于行為絕望狀態(tài)。然而,給予0.3 mg/kg的MK-801預處理后的利血平模型大鼠的強迫游泳不動時間明顯減少,表明MK-801能有效改善利血平誘導的抑郁樣行為。

BDNF是神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子家庭的重要成員,對中樞和外周神經(jīng)元的存活、維持和生長起重要作用[15]。它能增強突觸聯(lián)系,影響神經(jīng)元的可塑性和神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的合成,并且與長時程增強效應(LTP)及學習、記憶功能有關(guān)[16]。氯胺酮是NMDA受體苯環(huán)己哌啶位點的一種非競爭性拮抗劑,研究表明,對抑郁癥患者給予單劑量的氯胺酮能產(chǎn)生抗抑郁作用[17]。有研究提示氯胺酮及其他NMDA受體拮抗劑在大鼠模型中的快速抗抑郁作用依賴于BDNF的快速合成,其機制可能是通過滅活真核延伸因子2(eEF2)激酶(也被稱為鈣調(diào)蛋白激酶III),從而導致eEF2的磷酸化降低和BDNF翻譯的去抑制[18]。另外,也有研究顯示氯胺酮與米帕明合用能顯著提高前額皮質(zhì)、海馬和杏仁核中環(huán)磷腺苷效應元件結(jié)合蛋白(cAMP-response element binding protein,CREB)和BDNF的水平,海馬和杏仁核中蛋白激酶 A(protein kinase A,PKA)的磷酸化以及前額皮質(zhì)中蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C,PKC)的磷酸化[19]。在本研究中,利血平模型組大鼠前額葉BDNF的表達是下調(diào)的,而應用MK-801預處理能抑制BDNF的下調(diào),進一步表明MK-801改善抑郁大鼠的抑郁行為表現(xiàn)可能與調(diào)節(jié)腦內(nèi)BDNF的表達有關(guān)。但本研究也存在一些缺陷和不足,因作為抑郁行為檢測方法的強迫游泳實驗本身也可引起大鼠產(chǎn)生抑郁行為,且本實驗未設(shè)置未經(jīng)任何處理的強迫游泳組,因此不能排除強迫游泳本身對實驗的干擾,在今后的研究中還需進一步完善。

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(本文編輯:陳 霞)

Effect of dizocilpine maleate on behavior and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expressing in prefrontal cortex of depressive rats

GaoZhenyong,YangPing*,DuXiangdong

(SuzhouGuangjiHospital,Suzhou215008,China

*Correspondingauthor:YangPing,E-mail: 928yangping@163.com)

Objective To investigate the effect of dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) on the behavior and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on prefrontal cortex of reserpine induced depression rats.Methods 32 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=8), control group, reserpine group, MK-801+reserpine group and MK-801 group. MK-801+reserpine group and MK-801 group were pretreated with MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg) by peritoneal injection while control group and reserpine group were pretreated with same volume normal saline. After 30 minutes, reserpine group and MK-801+reserpine group were administrated with reserpine (4 mg/kg) by peritoneal injection, while control group and MK-801 group were administrated with the same volume acetic acid. The forced swim test was given at 48 hours after reserpine administration to monitor the depressive-like behaviors. All rats were executed immediately after the behavioral test, and the expression of BDNF on prefrontal cortex were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results In forced swim test, the immobility time of reserpine group [(49.38±7.85) s] was significantly longer than that of control group [(15.59±5.43) s](t=11.91,P<0.01], while the immobility time of the MK-801+reserpine group [(12.32±4.25) s] was significantly shorter than that of reserpine group (t=13.06,P<0.05). The expression of BDNF in prefrontal cortex of reserpine group [(10.09±0.88) ng/mL] was significantly lower compared with control group [(13.29±1.10) ng/mL](t=6.44,P<0.01), and the expression of BDNF in prefrontal cortex of MK-801+reserpine group [(12.56±1.83) ng/mL] was significantly higher than reserpine group (t=3.44,P<0.05).Conclusion MK-801 could improve depression behavior of rats, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the expression of BDNF in the brain.

Reserpine; Depression; Dizocilpine maleate; Prefrontal cortex; BDNF

*通信作者:楊 平,E-mail:928yangping@163.com)

蘇州市"科教興衛(wèi)"青年科技項目(KJXW2013034);蘇州市精神疾病臨床醫(yī)學中心(SZZX201509)

R749.4

A

10.11886/j.issn.1007-3256.2016.06.005

2016-11-15)

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