李成希,孟祖超,劉 祥
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綜述與展望
可見光光催化劑的研究進(jìn)展
李成希,孟祖超*,劉祥
(西安石油大學(xué)化學(xué)化工學(xué)院,陜西 西安 710065)
摘要:綜述TiO2、改性TiO2光催化劑和非TiO2體系光催化劑在可見光催化領(lǐng)域的研究進(jìn)展,概述了光催化劑的光催化原理和應(yīng)用方向,針對(duì)可見光光催化劑發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀中存在的量子效率和可見光利用率低、且回收難等問題進(jìn)行闡述,并指出制備組成可控、形貌可控、易于回收利用且可見光利用率高的新型光催化劑是研究首要方向。
關(guān)鍵詞:催化化學(xué);可見光光催化劑;改性TiO2;非TiO2體系;鉍系可見光光催化劑
CLC number:TQ034;O643.36Document code: AArticle ID: 1008-1143(2016)04-0007-09
1972年,F(xiàn)ujishima A等[1]首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了單晶TiO2電極能夠光催化分解水,Carey J H等[2]將TiO2用于光催化降解水中有機(jī)污染物,由此光催化材料引起廣泛關(guān)注。雖然TiO2具有廉價(jià)、無毒、光催化性能好和穩(wěn)定性高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但TiO2光催化劑的禁帶寬度為3.2 eV,僅在紫外光區(qū)有響應(yīng)。紫外光(波長(zhǎng)<400 nm)在太陽光中不足5%[3],可見光[波長(zhǎng)(400~700) nm]在太陽光中達(dá)43%。因此,提高可見光響應(yīng)成為半導(dǎo)體光催化劑應(yīng)用的關(guān)鍵。目前,對(duì)TiO2的修飾改性使之光響應(yīng)波長(zhǎng)紅移至可見光區(qū)及新型非TiO2可見光催化材料的開發(fā)是光納米催化劑主要研究方向。
本文綜述TiO2、改性TiO2光催化劑和非TiO2體系光催化劑在可見光催化領(lǐng)域的研究進(jìn)展,概述了光催化劑的應(yīng)用方向,針對(duì)可見光光催化劑發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀存在的主要問題進(jìn)行闡述,并提出可見光光催化劑未來的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。
1光催化原理
光催化機(jī)制主要依托于能帶理論,催化劑能帶不連續(xù),在導(dǎo)帶和能帶之間存在能級(jí)差[4]。半導(dǎo)體光催化劑吸收大于或等于禁帶寬度的光子能量后,價(jià)帶電子受到激發(fā)躍遷至導(dǎo)帶產(chǎn)生電子-空穴對(duì),光激發(fā)的電子和空穴遷移到催化劑體相或表面,與水或有機(jī)物在催化劑體相發(fā)生氧化還原反應(yīng),即光催化作用[5]。
激發(fā)和遷移是光催化反應(yīng)歷程中關(guān)鍵步驟,激發(fā)由電子能帶結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控,即禁帶寬度和能帶位置決定催化劑響應(yīng)可見光波長(zhǎng)范圍和反應(yīng)能否進(jìn)行[6]??梢姽忭憫?yīng)半導(dǎo)體材料的禁帶寬度應(yīng)小于3.0 eV(對(duì)應(yīng)波長(zhǎng)為413 nm)[5]。目前,TiO2、ZnO、CdS、WO3、SnO2、ZnS和α-Fe2O3等n型半導(dǎo)體光催化材料應(yīng)用廣泛,普遍認(rèn)為TiO2是最佳光催化劑[7]。
2TiO2及改性TiO2催化劑
制備TiO2納米光催化劑主要有溶膠-凝膠法、沉淀法、水熱/溶劑熱法、微乳液法和化學(xué)氣相沉積法等。制備的TiO2通常均為常規(guī)的TiO2半導(dǎo)體光催化劑,量子產(chǎn)率約4%,很難處理量大和濃度高的污染物,而且反應(yīng)殘留的顆粒造成二次污染[8]。因此,需對(duì)TiO2光催化劑進(jìn)行改性,改性方法主要有金屬離子摻雜、非金屬離子摻雜、共摻雜、半導(dǎo)體材料復(fù)合、貴金屬沉淀以及表面光敏化等[9]。
金屬離子摻雜主要是金屬離子嵌入晶格間隙或取代Ti4+,增加電子空穴的捕獲點(diǎn)位。文獻(xiàn)[10-12]采用不同過渡金屬離子進(jìn)行TiO2摻雜,發(fā)現(xiàn)Fe3+、Mo2+、Ru2+、Re+和V3+的摻雜均能有效降低TiO2的禁帶寬度。此外,V、Co、Cr和Mn等金屬的摻雜也可有效降低TiO2的禁帶寬度,稀土金屬如La[13]、Y[14]等的摻雜也可改性TiO2。姜淑梅等[15]采用溶膠-凝膠法制備了不同Pt摻雜量的TiO2光催化劑,在可見光下對(duì)氮氧化物有明顯的降解效果,并能抑制NO2的產(chǎn)生,摻雜Pt物質(zhì)的量分?jǐn)?shù)為0.4%時(shí),光催化劑活性最佳。馮春波等[16]采用溶膠-凝膠法制備Au摻雜的TiO2納米光催化劑粉體,在n(Au3+)∶n(Ti4+)=0.005和500 ℃焙燒,太陽光光降解NPE-10,4 h后降解率達(dá)91.8%。
非金屬元素N、C、F、S和B等的摻雜也可窄化TiO2的禁帶寬度,TiO2的光催化活性主要受摻雜離子或摻雜元素種類、濃度和電子結(jié)構(gòu)影響。Baeissa E S[17]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),摻雜S質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)0.3%的S-TiO2納米復(fù)合材料光催化性能穩(wěn)定,可有效催化氧化氰化物。
La和Fe共摻雜TiO2[13]、Sm和Ag共摻雜TiO2[18]、N和V共摻雜TiO2[19]、Zn和Si共摻雜TiO2[20]以及La和I共摻雜TiO2[21]改性效果顯著。李玲[21]采用La和I共摻雜TiO2光催化劑在模擬太陽光照下降解初始濃度為50 mg·L-1的活性艷藍(lán)19,在催化劑用量1.0 g·L-1和pH=3~7條件下,光照80 min,降解率達(dá)98.6%,TOC基本去除,改性效果顯著。
半導(dǎo)體復(fù)合也是TiO2改性的主要方式,曹玉輝等[22]用納米帶鈦酸作鈦源,通過離子交換-焙燒法制備系列AgX(X=Cl,Br,I)/TiO2復(fù)合納米材料,紫外可見吸收光譜表明,復(fù)合材料在可見光(400~470) nm有良好的吸收,AgBr/TiO2有相對(duì)較高的光催化活性,6 min內(nèi)對(duì)甲基橙的降解率為80%。異質(zhì)結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合可見光光催化劑In2O3/TiO2氣相降解2-丙醇達(dá)P25型TiO2的6.3倍,液相降解1,4-二氯苯達(dá)P25型TiO2的8.7倍[23]。水熱法合成的納米TiO2-石墨烯[24]在紫外光下降解羅丹明B,降解率達(dá)98.69%。董源等[25]以CdCl2·2.5H2O,Na2S·9H2O和TiO2納米顆粒為原料,在微波反應(yīng)器合成CdS/TiO2納米管復(fù)合光催化劑,摻雜CdS質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為1.96%的復(fù)合光催化劑在可見光下分解純水制氫,產(chǎn)率為12.9 μmol·(h·g)-1,兩者物理混合檢測(cè)不到氫氣的產(chǎn)生。甄德帥等[26]采用溶膠-凝膠法制備Zn2+-SiO2-TiO2復(fù)合光納米催化劑,在可見光下對(duì)羅丹明B(5 mg·L-1)和剛果紅(10 mg·L-1)的降解率分別為90%和83%。董抒華[27]采用溶膠-凝膠法制備了不同La3+摻雜量的TiO2/SiO2復(fù)合光催化劑,將La3+-TiO2/SiO2前驅(qū)體在500 ℃焙燒2 h(La3+最佳摻雜物質(zhì)的量分?jǐn)?shù)為4%),光降解亞甲基藍(lán)150 min,降解率為76%,相比未摻雜La3+的TiO2/SiO2降解率明顯提高。
光活性化合物通過物理吸附或化學(xué)吸附吸附在催化劑表面,即表面光敏化作用。表面光敏化使吸收波長(zhǎng)范圍紅移,拓展光吸收波長(zhǎng)至可見光區(qū)。光敏物質(zhì)在可見光照射下,電子激發(fā)躍遷到TiO2表面并注入導(dǎo)帶,誘發(fā)可見光光催化活性。在反應(yīng)過程中,體系酸堿度未發(fā)生變化,TiO2不形成空穴[28]。目前,常用的有機(jī)光敏劑有花青素、喹啉、曙紅、葉綠酸、酞菁、熒光素和玫瑰紅等,但有機(jī)染料光敏劑易發(fā)生氧化還原反應(yīng)而失活。因此,已有無機(jī)光敏劑、金屬有機(jī)配合物光敏劑以及復(fù)合光敏劑[29]的研究。Zou Weiwei等[30]將甲苯-2,4-二異氰酸酯和TiO2在甲苯中加熱回流得到表面改性的TiO2-甲苯-2,4-二異氰酸酯,該方法簡(jiǎn)便易行,甲苯-2,4-二異氰酸酯在TiO2表面以—NHCOOTi—化學(xué)鍵合,具有較高的光穩(wěn)定性,可見光催化活性明顯優(yōu)于TiO2。
3非TiO2體系可見光光催化劑
新型可見光納米催化材料研究主要有鉍系半導(dǎo)體材料、ABO3和AB2O4型氧化物,但單一作用時(shí)光催化特性不顯著,可見光光催化劑主要有元素?fù)诫s光催化劑、復(fù)合光催化劑和光敏化催化劑等。
3.1鉍系可見光光催化劑
3.1.1Bi2O3可見光光催化劑
Bi2O3是p型半導(dǎo)體,主要有單斜α-Bi2O3晶型、四角β-Bi2O3晶型、體心立方γ-Bi2O3晶型和面心立方δ-Bi2O3晶型,其中,單斜α-Bi2O3熱力學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,禁帶寬度為2.85 eV,具有較強(qiáng)的可見光催化活性,廣泛應(yīng)用于有機(jī)物的光降解研究[31]。但因Bi2O3易發(fā)生光腐蝕,需對(duì)其進(jìn)行改性。Bi2O3/TiO2和Bi2O3/Bi2WO6等復(fù)合光催化劑、V、Pb、Ag和Co等金屬摻雜以及量子點(diǎn)修飾的改性方式均有研究。肖國(guó)生等[32]制備了Ce摻雜Bi2O3光催化劑,提升了光催化活性。Zhang H等[33]制備了巰基乙酸修飾的水溶性的Bi2O3量子點(diǎn),在光催化降解甲基橙時(shí),表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)良的性能,反應(yīng)30 min,甲基橙降解率大于80%,且在pH=3~11的較寬范圍均可使用,具有良好的穩(wěn)定性和分散性。相比于Bi2O3,Bi2S3具有更窄的禁帶寬度,易被可見光激發(fā)產(chǎn)生電子-空穴對(duì)[34-35],可見光響應(yīng)好,應(yīng)用潛力較大。
3.1.2BiVO4可見光光催化劑
n型半導(dǎo)體BiVO4具有單斜白鎢礦相、四方白鎢礦相和四方鋯石相晶型結(jié)構(gòu),其中,單斜白鎢礦相在紫外和可見光區(qū)均有吸收帶[36]。由于單一作用時(shí)效率較低,BiVO4顆粒細(xì)小易于流失且不易回收,因此,通過表面金屬沉積、半導(dǎo)體材料復(fù)合、元素?fù)诫s及表面敏化等方法對(duì)BiVO4進(jìn)行改性[36-37]。摻雜Cu質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)5.0%的Cu/BiVO4可見光照射濃度10 mg·L-1的亞甲基藍(lán)溶液,反應(yīng)60 min,光降解率達(dá)100%[38]。晏威等[39]采用超聲法將磁基體Fe3O4和BiVO4復(fù)合,制備了固液易于分離的磁性可見光光催化劑Fe3O4/BiVO4,m(Fe3O4)∶m(BiVO4)=1∶5時(shí),催化活性最高,反應(yīng)5 h,對(duì)亞甲基藍(lán)的降解率由初始的72.5%提高到92.0%,且外加磁場(chǎng)時(shí)很容易分離和重新分散使用。陳海峰等[40]以含Bi(NO3)3·5H2O的稀硝酸溶液和NH4VO3水溶液為反應(yīng)物,加入酞菁鈷超聲2 h,制備了酞菁鈷敏化光催化劑,反應(yīng)70 min,甲基橙降解率接近100%。此外,MVO4(M=In,Y,Bi)的吸收性能預(yù)示了良好的光催化活性[41]。
3.1.3BiOX(X=F,Cl,Br,I)可見光光催化劑
鹵氧化鉍(BiOX,X=F,Cl,Br,I)作為一種新型的半導(dǎo)體材料,具有獨(dú)特的電子結(jié)構(gòu)、良好的光學(xué)性能和催化性能,可以很好地響應(yīng)可見光,且隨著鹵原子序數(shù)的增加,光催化活性逐漸增強(qiáng)[42]。用密度泛函數(shù)理論計(jì)算出BiOCl、BiOBr和BiOI的禁帶寬度分別為3.22 eV、2.64 eV和1.77 eV[43]。乙二醇溶劑熱法合成的多孔BiOI對(duì)羅丹明B的吸附能力達(dá)196.948 mg·g-1,其優(yōu)良的吸附能力對(duì)有機(jī)物降解的研究有重要價(jià)值[44]。張喜[6]采用低溫水浴加熱法制備了物質(zhì)的量分?jǐn)?shù)各為50%的異質(zhì)結(jié)型BiOI/TiO2復(fù)合光催化劑,反應(yīng)2 h,甲基橙降解率95%。
3.1.4鉍系復(fù)合可見光光催化劑
鉍系復(fù)合催化劑如BiPO4和Bi2WO6等在光降解有機(jī)污染物和光降解水方面具有潛在的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。劉永紅等[45]采用共沉淀法,以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、AgNO3和NaH2PO4為原料,350 ℃焙燒,制得BiPO4物質(zhì)的量分?jǐn)?shù)為5%的BiPO4/Ag3PO4復(fù)合光催化劑,40 min內(nèi)可將200 mL濃度為12 mg·L-1的羅丹明B溶液完全降解。Cui Yumin等[46]采用沉積法制備了BiOI/Bi2WO6復(fù)合光催化劑,在可見光光催化降解甲基橙和苯酚時(shí),相比于工業(yè)P25型TiO2和純Bi2WO6,BiOI質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)13.2%的BiOI/Bi2WO6光催化劑具有更高的可見光光催化性能,推測(cè)其高光催化活性是由于光生電子和空穴在二者界面的有效傳輸,且BiOI/Bi2WO6光催化劑經(jīng)過醇洗和干燥后可以多次重復(fù)使用。Seung Yong Chai等[47]制備的異質(zhì)結(jié)BiOCl/Bi2O3復(fù)合可見光光催化劑降解有機(jī)物比二者單獨(dú)作用時(shí)高10~50倍,n(BiOCl)∶n(Bi2O3)=85∶15的樣品表現(xiàn)出最高的可見光催化活性,在降解1,4-對(duì)苯二甲酸時(shí),降解率是P25型TiO2的10.5倍,是BiVO4的3.6倍,而且合成方法簡(jiǎn)單,對(duì)環(huán)境無害,規(guī)模化成本低。在BiOCl/Bi2O3表面負(fù)載WO3(摻雜W物質(zhì)的量分?jǐn)?shù)0.6%)制備的復(fù)合可見光光催化劑降解1,4-對(duì)苯二甲酸,催化活性是BiOCl/Bi2O3復(fù)合可見光光催化劑的2.7倍[48]。此外,Bi2WO6具有較強(qiáng)的光穩(wěn)定性,不易發(fā)生光腐蝕。
3.2WO3可見光光催化劑
WO3禁帶寬度較低(Eg=2.7 eV),具有廉價(jià)、無毒、化學(xué)性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定和不易光污染等特點(diǎn),且光照下使H2O產(chǎn)生O2[49],主要通過摻雜改性提高催化劑催化活性。趙娟等[50]采用固相燒結(jié)法制備了Y3+(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)0.05%)摻雜的WO3光催化劑,光催化析氧速率可達(dá)161.3 μmol·(L·h)-1。劉華俊等[51]通過Tb3+摻雜WO3,使光催化劑光吸收波長(zhǎng)范圍擴(kuò)大,可見光區(qū)吸收強(qiáng)度增大,從而提高了可見光利用率。CuO(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)0.33%)/WO3和Pt(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)0.12%)/WO3光納米催化劑在可見光照射下降解有機(jī)化合物有較高效率[52]。Pt和Ti負(fù)載WO3比WO3或Pt單獨(dú)作用時(shí)的可見光催化活性高,在降解有機(jī)物方面具有更高的可見光催化活性[53],Pt/Au/WO3也有報(bào)道可見光下分解水[54]。
3.3ZnS可見光光催化劑
ZnS禁帶寬度較寬[Eg=(3.6~3.8) eV][55],量子尺寸效應(yīng)表現(xiàn)出特異的光電催化性能,在光催化、電致發(fā)光和傳感器等諸多領(lǐng)域有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景[56]。因其寬禁帶寬度,可見光下很難利用,可通過制備復(fù)合催化劑提高可見光利用率。Zhu Ting等[57]以模板結(jié)合的方法合成中空結(jié)構(gòu)的ZnS-Cu1.8S納米片,可見光下顯示出良好的制氫能力,且多次循環(huán)使用后催化劑依然結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定。肖亮[58]合成的多層花狀CuS/ZnS復(fù)合光催化劑產(chǎn)氫速率可達(dá)1 206.2 μmol·(L·h)-1,催化劑具有良好的穩(wěn)定性。Ag摻雜ZnS相比于ZnS具有更高的可見光光催化活性,在堿性條件下,可見光照射50 min,亞甲基藍(lán)降解率大于80%,對(duì)降解有機(jī)污染物提供了新的應(yīng)用材料[59]。
3.4復(fù)合金屬半導(dǎo)體材料
復(fù)合金屬氧化物可見光響應(yīng)催化材料主要有層狀(鈮酸鹽、鉭酸鹽和銻酸鹽)[60]、鈣鈦礦型、尖晶石型、軟鉍礦型、燒綠石型和白鎢礦型等。
鈣鈦礦型ABO3復(fù)合氧化物是重要的功能材料,但因量子產(chǎn)率和太陽能利用率較低[61],主要通過摻雜和負(fù)載方式對(duì)其進(jìn)行改性[62],將高電負(fù)性的離子植入到鈣鈦礦結(jié)構(gòu)八面體B位置和氧配體共價(jià)鍵合的金屬位,或用大尺寸離子取代鈣鈦礦結(jié)構(gòu)十二面體A位置具有離子鍵性質(zhì)的空間填充位[60],制備鈣鈦礦型金屬氧化物。畢軍等[63]采用檸檬酸絡(luò)合制備的鈣鈦礦型光催化劑LaCoO3,對(duì)甲基橙(10 mg·L-1)降解率達(dá)93%。AB2O4是尖晶石型結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合氧化物,禁帶寬度較窄,能吸收可見光,可作為高效穩(wěn)定的可見光光催化劑。鄧海洋等[64]采用共沉淀法制備了磁性CoFe2O4,均勻負(fù)載在TiO2表面形成磁性集合體,焙燒時(shí)有利于制備高催化活性的光催化劑。燒綠石型結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合金屬氧化物在近幾年得到廣泛研究,Nd2Zr2O7和Sm2Zr2O7[65]、La2Ti2O7和Sm2Ti2O7[66]等添加到水溶液中,在可見光照射下可析出氫氣。
4可見光光催化劑的應(yīng)用
在污水處理中,可見光光催化劑具有較強(qiáng)的氧化還原能力,可降解大多數(shù)有機(jī)物,最終轉(zhuǎn)化為CO2、H2O和簡(jiǎn)單的無機(jī)物;也可氧化有毒無機(jī)物。陳金毅[67]采用釕摻雜的納米TiO2薄膜電極,建立了電助光催化處理污水的實(shí)驗(yàn)體系。李曉紅等[68]制備的TiO2/SnO2復(fù)合光催化劑有效解決了有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥廢水難降解的問題,80 min就可將較低濃度的敵敵畏廢水溶液完全降解,利于環(huán)境保護(hù)。孔道結(jié)構(gòu)的TiO2負(fù)載型雜多酸H3PW12O40/TiO2在可見光及染料敏化作用下,對(duì)6種不同結(jié)構(gòu)的水溶性染料具有良好的催化活性,且催化劑易于回收、分離和循環(huán)使用[69]。
在空氣處理領(lǐng)域,可見光光催化劑可氧化除去空氣中的氮氧化物、硫化物和各類臭氣,對(duì)甲醛和甲苯也有一定的降解作用。葉劍等[70]以新型SiO2為載體,制備了大孔徑TiO2/SiO2光催化劑,可有效吸附甲醛、氨和苯等小分子物質(zhì),提高了室內(nèi)空氣凈化效率。名古屋工業(yè)技術(shù)研究所使用TiO2光催化劑制成的凈化裝置,能夠有效去除焚燒爐中產(chǎn)生的二噁英[71]。索靜等[72]制備的負(fù)載型Cu-BiVO4復(fù)合光催化劑對(duì)初始濃度約80 mg·m-3的甲苯最高去除率達(dá)90%,為解決室內(nèi)裝修引起的空氣污染提供了新思路。
在新能源領(lǐng)域,利用半導(dǎo)體光催化劑,在可見光照射下光解水制氫是最為理想的氫能開發(fā)手段之一;利用光催化劑將CO2轉(zhuǎn)化為有價(jià)值的太陽能燃料是目前解決能源危機(jī)以及環(huán)境問題的最好方法之一[73]。Kato H等[74]研究了在可見光下光解水,Pt/SrTiO3:Rh作為產(chǎn)氫單元,BiVO4、WO3或Bi2MoO6等都可以作為產(chǎn)氧單元,F(xiàn)e2+/Fe3+氧化還原對(duì)是電子中間體,按物質(zhì)的量比2∶1產(chǎn)生氫和氧。據(jù)報(bào)道[73],氮摻雜介孔TiO2顯示出良好的吸收能力和催化活性,可見光與氣態(tài)水條件下,將CO2光還原成甲烷。
5結(jié)語與展望
可見光光催化劑在能源和環(huán)境方面提供了新方向,但量子效率低,可見光吸收區(qū)域窄和回收難等問題普遍存在,改性光催化劑是目前研究的主要方向。TiO2體系的改性較為成熟,非TiO2體系光催化劑及其改性研究符合未來發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。制備組成調(diào)控、形貌可控、易于回收重復(fù)利用和高效可見光吸收率的新型可見光光催化劑將成為今后的發(fā)展方向。非TiO2體系光催化劑相比于TiO2體系,具有更為優(yōu)異的可見光光催化活性和更廣泛的應(yīng)用前景,尤其改性后的非TiO2體系光催化劑對(duì)有機(jī)污染物可實(shí)現(xiàn)完全降解,可見光光催化劑在新能源開發(fā)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用仍處于起始階段,未來有望應(yīng)用于水分解制氫和CO2光還原,實(shí)現(xiàn)新型能源的利用。
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Research development in visible photocatalyst
LiChengxi,MengZuchao*,LiuXiang
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi, China)
Abstract:The advance in TiO2,modified TiO2photocatalysts and non-TiO2photocatalytic systems in visible light catalytic field was reviewed.The photocatalytic principle and the application direction of the photocatalysts were summarized.The main problems of visible light photocatalyst development such as low quantum efficiency and visible light utilization,and difficult recovery were described.It is pointed out that the main research direction is preparation of novel photocatalyst with controllable composition and morphology, easy recovery and high utilization ratio of visible light.
Key words:catalytic chemistry; visible light photocatalyst; modified TiO2; non-TiO2system; bismuth visible photocatalyst
收稿日期:2015-09-24
基金項(xiàng)目:陜西省自然科學(xué)基金(2013JQ2015)資助項(xiàng)目; 陜西省教育廳基金(2013JK0673)資助項(xiàng)目;國(guó)家級(jí)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃(201210705041)資助項(xiàng)目;西安石油大學(xué)博士科研啟動(dòng)基金(Ys29031618)資助項(xiàng)目
作者簡(jiǎn)介:李成希,1991年生,男,甘肅省白銀市人,在讀碩士研究生,主要從事油田應(yīng)用化學(xué)研究。
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-1143.2016.04.002 10.3969/j.issn.1008-1143.2016.04.002
中圖分類號(hào):TQ034;O643.36
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
文章編號(hào):1008-1143(2016)04-0007-09
通訊聯(lián)系人:孟祖超,1978年生,男,副教授,主要從事油田化學(xué)與電化學(xué)方面的科研工作。