在高考英語試卷中，對(duì)定語從句的考查是必不可少的；同時(shí)，它也是高中英語教學(xué)中的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。筆者通過對(duì)近幾年全國各地高考試卷該類試題的思考、分析、歸類，總結(jié)出以下常見題干設(shè)計(jì)類型，供高三復(fù)習(xí)參考，目的在于提高高三復(fù)習(xí)效果。

一、從句可緊跟在先行詞之后；亦可相隔

例1：The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.（2015年 天津卷）

A. where B. which

C. when D. who

分析：先行詞atmosphere在定從中做狀語，表示“氛圍”，故選A；從句緊跟在先行詞之后。

例2：Among the many dangers sailors have to face， probably the greatest of all is fog. （2014年 江西卷）

A. which B. what

C. where D. when

分析：先行詞dangers在定從中做face的賓語，故選A；從句緊跟在先行詞之后。

例3：After the flooding， people were suffering in that area， urgently needed clean water， medicine and shelter to survive.（2012年 江蘇卷）

A. which B. who

C. where D. what

分析：根據(jù)句意，先行詞是people，而非that area，且在定從中做主語，指人，故選B；從句與先行詞相隔。

二、表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞做先行詞，在定從中做狀語，常用when， where引導(dǎo)定從；亦可做其他成分，用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)

例1：As the smallest child of his family， Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.（2015年 陜西卷）

A. which B. where

C. whom D. when

分析：先行詞為the time，在定從中做時(shí)間狀語，故選D。

例2：Opposite is St. Pauls Church， you can hear some lovely music.（2015年 北京卷）

A. which B. that

C. when D. where

分析：先行詞為St. Pauls Church，在定從中做地點(diǎn)狀語，故選D。

例3：The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. （2014年 安徽卷）

A. when B. where

C. why D. which

分析：先行詞為The exact year，在定從中做spent的賓語，故選關(guān)系代詞D。

例4：It is a truly delightful place， looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.（2015年 湖南卷）

A. as B. where

C. that D. which

分析：先行詞a truly delightful place在非限制性定從中做主語，故選關(guān)系代詞which。

三、which引導(dǎo)定從，可指代先行詞；亦可放在主句之后，指代整個(gè)主句

例1：I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week， my classmates recommended to me.（2014年 北京卷）

A. who B. which

C. when D. where

分析：先行詞the book在定從中做recommended的賓語，選B，which指代先行詞。

例2：China Today attracts a worldwide readership， shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.（2015年 福建卷）

A. who B. whom

C. that D. which

分析：句意是“《今日中國》吸引全世界讀者，這表明世界上越來越多的人想理解中國”，整個(gè)主句為先行詞，在非限制性定從中做主語，故選D。

四、as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定從，置于句中：as可指代整個(gè)主句，而which只能指代其前面的詞或句

例1：That evening， I will tell you more about later， I ended up working very late.（2012年 全國II卷）

A. that B. which

C. what D. when

分析：先行詞That evening在非限制性定從中做about的賓語，選故B，which指代先行詞。

例2：The number of smokers， is reported， has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. （2015年 江蘇卷）

A. it B. which

C. what D. as

分析：報(bào)道的內(nèi)容不是“吸煙的人數(shù)”，而是“吸煙的人數(shù)在僅一年的時(shí)間里下降了17%”， 故選D，as指代整個(gè)主句。

五、as is + 名詞（如as is often the case），as is + 過去分詞（as is known / shown / expected等）為常見考題，as皆為“正如，就像”的意思

例1：There is no simple answer， is often the case in science.（2013年 山東卷）

A. as B. that

C. when D. where

例2： is often the case with children， Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. （2013年 陜西卷）

A. It B. That

C. What D. As

分析：例1、2為as is often the case結(jié)構(gòu)，置于句末和句首，選A和D。

六、在某些介詞短語中，如in this way， in that case， by this means等，含this / that等指示代詞，轉(zhuǎn)換成定從后，常用which替代

例1：He may win the competition， he is likely to get into the national team. （2013年 遼寧卷）

A. in which case B. in that case

C. in what case D. in whose case

分析：根據(jù)句間逗號(hào)判斷，為非限制性定從，用which替代指示代詞，故選A。

例2：They stayed with me three weeks， they drank all the wine I had.

A. which B. which time

C. during which time D. during which

分析：根據(jù)句間逗號(hào)判斷，為非限制性定從，用which替代指示代詞，故選C。

七、介詞+ which / whom引導(dǎo)定從，介詞的選擇要考慮與先行詞的搭配及產(chǎn)生的意義差別

例1：The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication， especially at work a good impression is a must.（2014年 江蘇卷）

A. which B. when

C. as D. where

分析：先行詞為work，在定從中做地點(diǎn)狀語，故選D。此類設(shè)題的常見先行詞還有atmosphere， activity， environment， position， process等，where或in which引導(dǎo)定從皆可。

例2：September 30 is the day which you must pay your bill.（2014年 全國大綱卷）

A. by B. for

C. with D. in

分析：句意為“你必須在9月30日前結(jié)賬”，by有“到……為止，在……之前”的意思，故選A。

八、each， both， some， half， most， all + of + which / whom， 表示部分或全部

例1：He wrote many children s books， nearly half of were published in the 1990s.（2015年 重慶卷）

A. whom B. which

C. them D. That

分析：根據(jù)句間逗號(hào)判斷，為非限制性定從，表示部分且指代books，故選B。

例2：English is a language shared by several diverse cultures， uses it differently. （2014年 天津卷）

A. all of which B. each of which

C. all of them D. each of them

分析：根據(jù)句間逗號(hào)判斷，為非限制性定從，排除C和D，又根據(jù)定從謂動(dòng)uses，主語應(yīng)是單數(shù)，故選B。

鞏固練習(xí)

1. Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. （2015年 浙江卷）

A. as B. whose

C. in which D. at which

2. The books on the desk， covers are shiny， are prizes for us. （2015年 四川卷）

A. which B. what

C. whose D. that

3. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends. （2015年 安徽卷）

A. it B. that

C. whose D. which

4. Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth. （2014年 福建卷）

A. who B. when

C. which D. where

5. I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. （2014年 湖南卷）

A. as B. why

C. when D. where

6. Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position. （2014年 陜西卷）

A. that B. which

C. as D. what

7. Until now， we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children， is quite unexpected. （2014年 四川卷）

A. that B. which

C. who D. it

8. Well reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year. （2014年 重慶卷）

A. which B. where

C. when D. what

9. I dont become a serious climber until the fifth grade， I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. （2014年 浙江卷）

A. when B. where

C. which D. why

10. A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. （2014年 山東卷）

A. which B. whose

C. who D. why

11. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012， made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true. （2013年 安徽卷）

A. it B. that

C. what D. which

12. Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected. （2013年 北京卷）

A. when B. which

C. whose D. where

13. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected. （2013年 福建卷）

A. whose B. that

C. who D. which

14. Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths. （2013年 湖南卷）

A. whom B. who

C. what D. which

15. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China， he remembers starting as early as his childhood. （2013年 江蘇卷）

A. where B. which

C. what D. when

16. He wrote a letter he explains what had happened in the accident. （2013年 江西卷）

A. what B. which

C. where D. how

17. Finally he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from the outside world. （2013年 山東卷）

A. when B. where

C. which D. whom

18. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live. （2013年 四川卷）

A. what B. which

C. when D. where

19. We have launched another manmade satellite， is announced in todays newspaper. （2013年 天津卷）

A. that B. which

C. who D. what

20. When I arrived， Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying. （2013年 全國Ⅱ）

A. what B. when

C. where D. which

21. John invited about 40 people to his wedding， most of are family members. （2013年 重慶卷）

A. them B. that

C. which D. whom

22. “You cant judge a book by its cover，” . （2013課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ）

A. as the saying goes old

B. goes as the old saying

C. as the old saying goes

D. goes as old the saying

23. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area interact with one another. （2013年 上海卷）

A. that B. where

C. who D. what

24. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. （2013年 浙江卷）

A. what B. where

C. when D. why

25. The children， had played the whole day long， were worn out. （2013年 浙江卷）

A. all of what B. all of which

C. all of them D. all of whom

參考答案

1—5 CCDDC 6—10 BBAAB 11—15 DDABB 16—20 CCDBC 21—25 DCABD

（作者：朱先忠，江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江中學(xué)）