王 彬,薛玉生,倪四峰,于 亮,尚福軍
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替格瑞洛與氯吡格雷的藥效觀察及與CYP2C19基因多態(tài)性的關(guān)系
王 彬,薛玉生*,倪四峰,于 亮,尚福軍
(第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)附屬唐都醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科,西安 710038)
觀察替格瑞洛和氯吡格雷的臨床療效,并探討其與CYP2C19 基因多態(tài)性的關(guān)系。入選2013年3月至2014年3月在西安市唐都醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科接受住院治療的急性冠脈綜合征患者450例。根據(jù)擬選取的治療方案,將所有患者隨機(jī)分為兩組:替格瑞洛組(=227)和氯吡格雷組(=223)。隨訪6個(gè)月,觀察兩組患者主要心臟不良事件(MACE)發(fā)生率。根據(jù)是否攜帶失功基因?qū)山M患者再分別分為兩亞組:攜帶組和非攜帶組。分別觀察兩亞組患者的MACE發(fā)生率和治療期間出血并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況。替格瑞洛組與氯吡格雷組中:非攜帶組患者M(jìn)ACE的發(fā)生率分別為8.4%和8.2%,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(>0.05);攜帶組患者M(jìn)ACE的發(fā)生率分別為9.1%和15.2%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(<0.01)。各組內(nèi)及組間出血并發(fā)癥差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(>0.05)。與氯吡格雷相比,應(yīng)用替格瑞洛治療急性冠脈綜合征,可進(jìn)一步減少患者心血管事件風(fēng)險(xiǎn),其機(jī)制與是否攜帶CYP2C19 功能喪失性等位基因有關(guān)。
急性冠脈綜合征;基因多態(tài)性;替格瑞洛;氯吡格雷
急性冠脈綜合征介入治療患者的主要心臟不良事件(major adverse cardiac events,MACE)包括心源性死亡、心肌梗死以及支架再狹窄。為了預(yù)防其發(fā)生,目前指南建議使用雙重抗血小板聚集藥物治療,包括阿司匹林(aspirin)和氯吡格雷(clopidogrel)[1]。氯吡格雷為一種前體藥物,需經(jīng)肝臟CYP2C19酶代謝才能發(fā)揮其抗血小板聚集的作用,但是由于肝臟CYP2C19酶存在基因多態(tài)性,可能會(huì)造成氯吡格雷抵抗,從而降低其抗血小板作用、增加經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)術(shù)后患者臨床不良事件的發(fā)生[2]。替格瑞洛(ticagrelor)是一種新型的口服抗血小板活性藥物,能夠可逆性結(jié)合磷酸腺苷受體,無(wú)需經(jīng)過(guò)體內(nèi)代謝即可發(fā)揮抗血小板作用[3,4]。本文通過(guò)分別使用替格瑞洛和氯吡格雷治療急性冠脈綜合征,對(duì)比觀察兩者的臨床療效,并進(jìn)一步探討兩者的藥效及其與CYP2C19基因多態(tài)性的關(guān)系。
入選2013年3月至2014年3月在西安市唐都醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科接受住院治療的急性冠脈綜合征患者450例。入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)年齡18~80歲;(2)行冠狀動(dòng)脈造影術(shù)確診為急性冠脈綜合征,包括不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛、非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(non-ST elevation mycarial infaration,NSTEMI)、ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(ST segment elevation mycardial infarction,STEMI);(3)行PCI術(shù);(4)簽署知情同意書(shū)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)未行冠狀動(dòng)脈支架植入;(2)血小板計(jì)數(shù)<100×109/L;(3)妊娠期、哺乳期、月經(jīng)期女性;(4)對(duì)研究藥物過(guò)敏或可疑碘造影劑過(guò)敏;(5)明顯肝腎功能異常;(6)大便潛血持續(xù)陽(yáng)性等其他不宜行PCI治療的情況。
根據(jù)擬選取的治療方案,將所有患者隨機(jī)分為兩組:替格瑞洛組(=227)和氯吡格雷組(=223)。兩組患者術(shù)前均給予阿司匹林(300mg,1次/d)口服治療。替格瑞洛組:術(shù)前給予替格瑞洛負(fù)荷劑量(180mg);術(shù)后口服替格瑞洛(90mg,2次/d)+阿司匹林(100mg,1次/d)。氯吡格雷組:術(shù)前給予氯吡格雷負(fù)荷劑量(300mg);術(shù)后口服氯吡格雷(75mg,1次/d)+阿司匹林(100mg,1次/d)。隨訪6個(gè)月,觀察兩組患者M(jìn)ACE發(fā)生率。
采集患者術(shù)前當(dāng)日的空腹血樣本進(jìn)行CYP2C19基因型分析,采用TaqMan探針技術(shù),根據(jù)是否攜帶失功基因(攜帶任一*2或*3位點(diǎn)功能喪失等位基因)將兩組患者再分別分為兩亞組:攜帶組和非攜帶組。分別觀察兩亞組患者的MACE發(fā)生率(包括心源性死亡、心肌梗死、支架再狹窄形成)和治療期間出血并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況。出血的分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下。(1)輕度出血:血紅蛋白下降<50g/L,伴有牙齦出血、消化道出血或肉眼血尿等。(2)重度出血:血紅蛋白下降≥50g/L,出現(xiàn)顱內(nèi)出血或自發(fā)性心臟壓塞。
兩組患者間的各項(xiàng)基線資料均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(>0.05;表1)。
表1 基線資料比較
BMI: body mass index; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; UAP: unstable angina pectoris; NSTEMI: non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI: ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
替格瑞洛組MACE發(fā)生數(shù)為20例(8.8%),其中心肌梗死4例,支架內(nèi)血栓15,心力衰竭死亡1例;氯吡格雷組MACE發(fā)生數(shù)為27例(12.1%),其中心肌梗死7例,支架內(nèi)血栓19例,心力衰竭死亡1例。兩組患者M(jìn)ACE的發(fā)生率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(<0.01)。
替格瑞洛組與氯吡格雷組中:非攜帶組患者M(jìn)ACE的發(fā)生率分別為8.4%和8.2%,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(>0.05);攜帶組患者M(jìn)ACE的發(fā)生率分別為9.1%和15.2%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(<0.01)。各組內(nèi)及組間出血并發(fā)癥差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(>0.05),替格瑞洛組中,攜帶組有1例腦出血,出血量為10ml,其余均為輕度出血,無(wú)致命性出血事件發(fā)生(表2)。
表2 非攜帶組和攜帶組間MACE發(fā)生率的比較
MACE: major adverse cardiac events; MBE: major bleeding events. Compared with ticagrelor group,**<0.01
氯吡格雷是目前最廣泛使用的抗血小板聚集的藥物之一。阿司匹林聯(lián)合氯吡格雷能顯著降低冠狀動(dòng)脈支架術(shù)后主要臨床不良事件的發(fā)生率。但是,氯吡格雷的臨床藥效存在個(gè)體差異,近年研究發(fā)現(xiàn),CYP2C19基因多態(tài)性是其抵抗的主要原因[5?7]。CYP2C19代謝酶存在基因多態(tài)性,其中可引起氯吡格雷抵抗的*2和*3等位基因在亞裔人群中更為常見(jiàn),中國(guó)人群CYP2C19基因突變頻率較高[8?10],由此推論,中國(guó)人群發(fā)生氯吡格雷抵抗的概率較高。
替格瑞洛是一種新型抗血小板聚集藥,不需肝臟激活的活性藥物,在對(duì)氯吡格雷低反應(yīng)的患者中替格瑞洛具有一定的有效性[11,12]。文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道了對(duì)18 624例急性冠脈綜合征患者的研究,比較了替格瑞洛和氯吡格雷在預(yù)防心血管事件發(fā)生方面的療效,結(jié)果表明,與氯吡格雷相比,替格瑞洛可使總病死率顯著降低22%[13,14]。本研究與PLATO研究的療效觀察結(jié)果基本一致,進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了與氯吡格雷相比,替格瑞洛可進(jìn)一步降低急性冠脈綜合征患者M(jìn)ACE的發(fā)生率。
本研究還進(jìn)一步根據(jù)患者是否攜帶CYP2C19功能喪失性等位基因(*2或*3)進(jìn)行了亞組分析,比較了CYP2C19功能喪失性等位基因?qū)μ娓袢鹇寮奥冗粮窭姿幮W(xué)的影響。我們的研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):兩組患者中非攜帶組患者M(jìn)ACE的發(fā)生率差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;相反,攜帶組患者中MACE的發(fā)生率具有顯著性差異。所以我們進(jìn)一步得出結(jié)論,CYP2C19基因多態(tài)性是氯吡格雷抵抗的主要因素,與氯吡格雷相比,替格瑞洛可進(jìn)一步降低急性冠脈綜合征患者M(jìn)ACE的發(fā)生率。同時(shí),結(jié)果顯示替格瑞洛不增加患者的出血風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
總之,本研究顯示,替格瑞洛是一個(gè)具有良好臨床效果和發(fā)展前景的藥物,對(duì)急性冠脈綜合征的抗血小板治療將產(chǎn)生很大的影響。對(duì)于CYP2C19功能喪失性等位基因攜帶者及氯吡格雷抵抗患者,使用替格瑞洛是一種可提高患者預(yù)后的選擇。
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(編輯: 呂青遠(yuǎn))
Efficacies of ticagrelor and clopidogrel and their correlation with CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms in patients with acute coronary syndrome
WANG Bin, XUE Yu-Sheng*, NI Si-Feng, YU Liang, SHANG Fu-Jun
(Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China)
To observe the clinical efficacies of ticagrelor and clopidogrel and investigate their correlation with CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms.A total of 450 hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome in our department from March 2013 to March 2014 were recruited in this study. According to their treatment regimes, the patients were randomly divided into the ticagrelor group (=227) and the clopidogrel group (=223). Their incidence of the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was compared in the 6 months’ follow-up. The patients were also assigned into 2 subgroups according to their carrying CYP2C19*2/*3 loss-of-function allele or not. The incidence of the MACE and bleeding events were compared between the subgroups in the follow-up.Between the ticagrelor group and clopidogrel group, the incidence of MACE was 8.4% and8.2% respectively for the non-carriers of CYP2C19*2/*3 loss-of-function allele, though without significant difference (>0.05), and was 9.1% and 15.2% separately for the carriers, with obvious difference (<0.01). However, there was no statistical difference in the incidence of bleedingevents between the ticagrelor and clopidogrel groups and between the carriers and non-carriers (>0.05).Ticagrelor is superior to clopidogrel in decreasing the risk of MACE in the patients with acute coronary syndrome, which may be associated with carrying CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele or not.
acute coronary syndrome; gene polymorphisms; ticagrelor; clopidogrel
R541; R969
A
10.11915/j.issn.1671-5403.2016.02.031
2015?10?11;
2015?11?30
薛玉生, E-mail: xys978088@163.com