鄭晗晗,江學(xué)良
121001遼寧省錦州市,遼寧醫(yī)學(xué)院濟(jì)南軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院研究生培養(yǎng)基地(鄭晗晗);濟(jì)南軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院消化科(江學(xué)良)
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·論著·
美沙拉秦栓每日1次與每日2次給藥治療輕中度活動(dòng)期潰瘍性直腸炎的臨床療效比較
鄭晗晗,江學(xué)良
121001遼寧省錦州市,遼寧醫(yī)學(xué)院濟(jì)南軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院研究生培養(yǎng)基地(鄭晗晗);濟(jì)南軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院消化科(江學(xué)良)
【摘要】目的 觀察美沙拉秦栓1次/d與2次/d給藥治療輕中度活動(dòng)期潰瘍性直腸炎的療效及安全性。方法本試驗(yàn)為隨機(jī)、非劣效性研究。選取2013年10月—2015年6月濟(jì)南軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院符合納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的輕中度活動(dòng)期潰瘍性直腸炎患者82例,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表將其分為A組(n=41)和B組(n=41)。A組給予美沙拉秦栓1.0 g/次,晚睡前便后納肛,1次/d;B組給予美沙拉秦栓0.5 g/次,便后納肛,早、晚各1次。兩組均給藥8周。采用疾病活動(dòng)指數(shù)(DAI)評(píng)價(jià)疾病活動(dòng)程度。以治療第8周時(shí)DAI評(píng)分作為主要療效指標(biāo);以治療第8周時(shí)DAI各分項(xiàng)評(píng)分(大便次數(shù)、大便帶血、黏膜炎癥、總體評(píng)價(jià))及臨床緩解率作為次要療效指標(biāo),并記錄兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果患者均完成8周治療。兩組治療前后DAI評(píng)分比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001);兩組間治療前及治療第8周DAI評(píng)分比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。A組治療第8周時(shí)DAI評(píng)分-B組治療第8周時(shí)DAI評(píng)分(U1-U2)雙側(cè)95%可信區(qū)間(-0.33,0.87)的下限>-1.00,拒絕無效假設(shè),認(rèn)為A組的療效不差于B組。兩組治療8周后大便次數(shù)、大便帶血、黏膜炎癥、整體評(píng)價(jià)評(píng)分均低于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療前和治療第8周,兩組間大便次數(shù)、大便帶血、黏膜炎癥、整體評(píng)價(jià)評(píng)分比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。經(jīng)過8周治療后,A、B兩組臨床緩解率分別為95.1%(39/41)、90.2%(37/41),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.719,P=0.396)。A組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為48.8%(20/41),B組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為61.0%(25/41),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=1.231,P=0.267)。結(jié)論在8周的臨床試驗(yàn)中,美沙拉秦栓1.0 g 1次/d給藥與0.5 g 2次/d給藥治療輕中度活動(dòng)期潰瘍性直腸炎療效一致,且安全。
【關(guān)鍵詞】直腸炎;氨水楊酸;栓劑;疾病活動(dòng)指數(shù)
鄭晗晗,江學(xué)良.美沙拉秦栓每日1次與每日2次給藥治療輕中度活動(dòng)期潰瘍性直腸炎的臨床療效比較[J].中國全科醫(yī)學(xué),2016,19(11):1267-1271.[www.chinagp.net]
Zheng HH,Jiang XL.Comparison of clinical effect of mesalazine suppositories in the treatment of mild to moderate active stage ulcerative proctitis between once daily and twice daily[J].Chinese General Practice,2016,19(11):1267-1271.
潰瘍性直腸炎是潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎的一種類型。國外研究發(fā)現(xiàn),約75%的初發(fā)潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者為潰瘍性直腸炎,約50%的潰瘍性直腸炎患者進(jìn)展為左半結(jié)腸炎或全結(jié)腸炎[1]。在中國,大部分潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者也從直腸開始發(fā)病,呈逆向性向近端發(fā)展,逐漸累及全結(jié)腸。因此,控制潰瘍性直腸炎并防止其進(jìn)展具有重要意義[2-3]。氨基水楊酸類藥物直腸給藥是治療輕中度潰瘍性直腸炎的一線方案[4-5]。一般情況下,采用美沙拉秦栓2~3次/d局部給藥的方案治療輕中度活動(dòng)期潰瘍性直腸炎[4-6]。但每日多次局部給藥使用不方便,患者依從性差,容易引起病情反復(fù)發(fā)作[1,7]。國外有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),美沙拉秦栓1次/d和多次給藥療效和安全性類似,并且減少用藥次數(shù)會(huì)提高患者對治療的依從性和滿意度[8-9]。但國內(nèi)未見美沙拉秦栓1次/d和多次給藥療效比較的相關(guān)研究報(bào)道。因此,本研究比較美沙拉秦栓1次/d(1.0 g/d)給藥與2次/d給藥(1.0 g/d)治療輕中度活動(dòng)期潰瘍性直腸炎患者的療效與安全性,以優(yōu)化臨床給藥方案。
1對象與方法
1.1納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(1)輕中度活動(dòng)期潰瘍性直腸炎〔病變距肛緣15 cm以內(nèi),通過結(jié)腸鏡/乙狀結(jié)腸鏡和組織病理學(xué)檢查確定為活動(dòng)期,疾病活動(dòng)指數(shù)(DAI)評(píng)分:3.0~11.0分[8-10]〕患者,并且可以直腸給藥;(2)年齡18~65歲;(3)大便培養(yǎng)2次或2次以上沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何病原微生物;(4)研究開始前1周內(nèi)停用任何可能影響潰瘍性直腸炎療效的藥物,包括5-氨基水楊酸(5-ASA)口服制劑;(5)吸煙和未吸煙的患者均可納入,但在8周的試驗(yàn)過程中不能改變吸煙習(xí)慣。
1.2排除及退出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(1)有水楊酸類藥物過敏史;(2)有出血傾向體質(zhì);(3)病變范圍超過直腸的潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎;(4)肝腎功能異常;(5)處于妊娠、哺乳期;(6)合并其他胃腸道疾病、其他臟器病變或其他任何影響本治療療效評(píng)價(jià)的疾?。?7)同時(shí)應(yīng)用硫唑嘌呤/6-巰基嘌呤、糖皮質(zhì)激素。如有以下情形患者將退出本研究:(1)在4周內(nèi)連續(xù)2 d未用藥;(2)同時(shí)應(yīng)用任何其他治療潰瘍性直腸炎的藥物或任何其他影響本研究觀察的藥物。
1.3樣本量的確定本研究為非劣效性研究,通過PASS 11軟件計(jì)算得出樣本量。經(jīng)查閱文獻(xiàn),得出臨床上可接受的美沙拉秦栓1次/d,1.0 g/次給藥與美沙拉秦栓2次/d,0.5 g/次給藥的療效差別的最大DAI值為1.0分,即界值DAI為1.0分[11-12]。經(jīng)美沙拉秦栓2次/d,0.5 g/次給藥治療的輕中度潰瘍性直腸炎患者治療后的DAI平均值為2.5分,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(s)為1.5分[11-12]。按照顯著性水平單側(cè)α=0.025,檢驗(yàn)效能β=80%,分別將1-β=20%、α=0.025、界值DAI=1.0分、s=1.5分錄入PASS 11軟件,得出每組各需要患者37例,考慮患者退出和失訪(約10%),每組約需患者41例,總樣本量為2×41=82例。
1.4研究對象選取2013年10月—2015年6月濟(jì)南軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院符合納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的輕中度活動(dòng)期潰瘍性直腸炎患者82例,均為門診病例。其中男40例,女42例;年齡18~65歲;病程3個(gè)月~2年;平均體質(zhì)量(59.6±10.8)kg;32例初發(fā)潰瘍性直腸炎,50例為慢性復(fù)發(fā)性潰瘍性直腸炎(未曾使用過5-ASA栓劑治療)。采用電腦生成的隨機(jī)數(shù)字表將患者分為A組(n=41)和B組(n=41)?;颊呔炇鹬橥鈺1狙芯糠厢t(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1.5治療方法A組患者給予美沙拉秦栓(規(guī)格0.5 g,生產(chǎn)企業(yè):Dr.Falk Pharma GmbH,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):H20100126)1.0 g/次,晚睡前便后納肛,1次/d。B組患者給予美沙拉秦栓0.5 g/次,便后納肛,早、晚各1次。兩組均給藥8周。治療期間禁忌海鮮、牛奶及生冷刺激性食物。
1.6觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)方法(1)主要療效指標(biāo):治療8周時(shí)DAI評(píng)分;次要療效指標(biāo):治療8周時(shí)DAI分項(xiàng)評(píng)分(即大便次數(shù)、大便帶血、黏膜炎癥、整體評(píng)價(jià))及臨床緩解率(DAI評(píng)分<4.0分)[8]。DAI由4個(gè)分量表組成:大便次數(shù)、大便帶血情況、結(jié)腸鏡下黏膜炎癥、疾病的整體評(píng)價(jià)。每個(gè)分量表又根據(jù)病情嚴(yán)重程度分為4個(gè)等級(jí):0(正常)、1、2、3分;DAI評(píng)分是所有分量表評(píng)分的總和[8,10];(2)在治療前和治療第8周,患者均進(jìn)行腸鏡檢查以觀察腸黏膜炎癥程度;(3)記錄不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。
1.7終止研究標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(1)嚴(yán)重的不良反應(yīng)、病情急性加重或出現(xiàn)并發(fā)癥;(2)并發(fā)其他疾病,且其治療會(huì)影響本研究藥物的臨床觀察;(3)患者以任何理由要求終止試驗(yàn)。
2結(jié)果
2.1兩組患者基線臨床特征比較患者均完成8周治療,在治療期間均未同時(shí)應(yīng)用5-ASA口服制劑及其他治療潰瘍性直腸炎的藥物。兩組患者性別、年齡、病程、體質(zhì)量、吸煙習(xí)慣、發(fā)作類型、治療前用藥率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表1)。
2.2治療療效的評(píng)價(jià)
2.2.1主要療效評(píng)價(jià)兩組治療前后DAI評(píng)分比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001);兩組間治療前及治療第8周DAI評(píng)分比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表2)。(U1-U2)雙側(cè)95%可信區(qū)間(-0.33,0.87)的下限>-1.00,拒絕無效假設(shè)H01,認(rèn)為A組的療效不差于B組。
2.2.2次要療效評(píng)價(jià)兩組治療8周后大便次數(shù)、大便帶血、黏膜炎癥、整體評(píng)價(jià)的評(píng)分均低于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療前和治療第8周,兩組間大便次數(shù)、大便帶血、黏膜炎癥、總體評(píng)價(jià)的評(píng)分比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表3)。經(jīng)過8周治療后,A、B兩組臨床緩解率分別為95.1%(39/41)、90.2%(37/41),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.719,P=0.396)。
Table2ComparisonoftheDAIscoresbetweenthetwogroupsbeforetreatmentandafter8-weektreatment
組別例數(shù)治療前治療第8周t配對值P值A(chǔ)組417.6±2.21.9±1.425.763<0.001B組417.2±2.31.7±1.321.799<0.001t值0.8220.889P值0.4130.377
表3兩組治療前和治療第8周DAI分項(xiàng)評(píng)分比較(分)
Table 3Comparison of the scores of each DAI item between two groups before treatment and after 8-week treatment
DAI分項(xiàng)評(píng)分A組(n=41)B組(n=41)t(U)值P值大便次數(shù) 治療前2.6±0.72.6±0.70.5320.596 治療第8周1.0±0.61.0±0.7-0.1770.860 t配對值20.05219.489 P值<0.001<0.001大便帶血 治療前1.8±0.71.7±0.70.3120.756 治療第8周0.5±0.50.6±0.5-0.4400.661 t配對值14.87415.686 P值<0.001<0.001黏膜炎癥〔M(QR)〕 治療前1.0(1.0)2.0(0)1660.500a0.660 治療第8周0(1.0)0(0)1679.500a0.674 t配對(U)值<0.001a<0.001a P值<0.001<0.001整體評(píng)價(jià)〔M(QR)〕 治療前1.0(1.0)1.0(0)1681.000a0.807 治療第8周0(1.0)0(0)1659.500a0.388 t配對(U)值<0.001a<0.001a P值<0.001<0.001
注:DAI=疾病活動(dòng)指數(shù);a為U值
2.3安全性評(píng)價(jià)A組共20例患者發(fā)生不良反應(yīng),不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為48.8%;B組共25例患者發(fā)生不良反應(yīng),不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為61.0%。兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=1.231,P=0.267);且兩組頭痛、惡心、腹脹、大便次數(shù)增多(>3次/d)、腹痛發(fā)生率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表4)。
表1 兩組患者基線特征比較
注:a為χ2值
表4兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較〔n(%)〕
Table 4Comparison of the incidence of adverse actions between the two groups
組別例數(shù)頭痛惡心腹脹大便次數(shù)增多(>3次/d)腹痛A組416(14.6)6(14.6)4(9.8)2(4.9)2(4.9)B組417(17.1)7(17.1)5(12.2)3(7.3)3(7.3)χ2值0.0910.0910.1250.2130.213P值0.7620.7620.7240.6440.644
3討論
潰瘍性直腸炎是一種病變局限在直腸黏膜和黏膜下層的炎癥,屬于潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎蒙特利爾分型中的E1型。臨床上以腹瀉、黏液膿血便、腹痛為主要癥狀。其鏡下病變?yōu)橹蹦c黏膜彌漫性充血、水腫和潰瘍。治療潰瘍性直腸炎的目標(biāo)為緩解癥狀,包括減輕直腸黏膜炎癥、預(yù)防發(fā)作和復(fù)發(fā)?,F(xiàn)有治療潰瘍性直腸炎的給藥方法有口服和局部用藥。口服給藥如美沙拉秦腸溶片進(jìn)入人體后在回腸末段和結(jié)腸部位定向釋放[14],對潰瘍性直腸炎,難以達(dá)到局部有效藥物濃度。與口服5-ASA或其他外用藥物如類固醇相比,歐洲共識(shí)及多倫多共識(shí)[4-5]更提倡直腸給予美沙拉秦栓治療輕中度遠(yuǎn)端潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者。外用美沙拉秦栓可以有效緩解潰瘍性直腸炎患者的癥狀、能及時(shí)誘導(dǎo)緩解和維持緩解。直腸給藥效果較好,顯著降低DAI評(píng)分,使患者獲得臨床緩解,與以下原因有關(guān):(1)直腸給藥使藥物直接與病變的腸黏膜接觸,提高了病變部位的藥物濃度;(2)美沙拉秦可降低促炎因子:白介素(IL)-1β、IL-8、腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)的水平,升高抗炎因子:IL-10、IL-13的水平[15-17],并通過抑制前列腺素E、白三烯及自由基的產(chǎn)生而發(fā)揮抗炎作用[18-20];(3)美沙拉秦栓干擾潰瘍性直腸炎患者直腸黏膜編碼炎性遞質(zhì)的基因激活[19]。
關(guān)于給藥次數(shù),傳統(tǒng)上,美沙拉秦2~3次/d給藥。近年來,國外有研究報(bào)告1次/d和每日多次直腸給藥療效類似[8,12]。Lamet[12]進(jìn)行為期6周的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)美沙拉秦栓1.0 g晚睡前給藥與0.5 g 2次/d給藥治療6周后,患者DAI評(píng)分顯著降低,美沙拉秦栓1.0 g晚睡前給藥與0.5 g 2次/d給藥治療潰瘍性直腸炎同樣有效。Andus等[8]研究354例輕中度活動(dòng)期潰瘍性直腸炎患者,經(jīng)美沙拉秦栓治療6周后,臨床緩解率分別是87.9%(1.0 g 1次/d組)和90.7%(0.5 g 3次/d組)(P=0.000 27),美沙拉秦栓1.0 g 1次/d給藥顯示非劣效性。本研究結(jié)果也證實(shí),中國的潰瘍性直腸炎患者,經(jīng)美沙拉秦栓1次/d給藥與2次/d給藥治療8周后,DAI評(píng)分及分項(xiàng)評(píng)分均顯著降低。非劣效性分析顯示95%可信區(qū)間(-0.33,0.87)的下限>-1.00,1次/d給藥至少和2次/d給藥療效相等。本研究中,兩組治療8周的臨床緩解率分別為95.1%、90.2%,稍高于Andus等[8]研究結(jié)果,可能與用藥時(shí)間延長有關(guān)。
關(guān)于美沙拉秦栓1次/d給藥與2次/d給藥的不良反應(yīng),本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率無差異。給藥后的不良反應(yīng)多為頭痛、惡心、腹脹等,與Andus等[8]及Lamet[12]研究結(jié)果相似,沒有出現(xiàn)新的不良反應(yīng)。美沙拉秦栓直腸給藥,增加了病變腸黏膜藥物濃度,而血藥濃度較口服給藥低[21],故全身性不良反應(yīng)少。
另外,美沙拉秦栓1次/d給藥實(shí)施方便、患者用藥時(shí)不適癥狀減少、對日常生活影響相對較少,有可能更好提高患者依從性。由于目前對美沙拉秦栓劑給藥次數(shù)的研究較少,因此仍需要進(jìn)一步研究藥物的藥動(dòng)學(xué),并對大樣本研究對象進(jìn)行觀察和總結(jié)。
作者問答:什么是非劣性試驗(yàn)?
非劣效性試驗(yàn)指主要研究目的是顯示對試驗(yàn)藥的反應(yīng)在臨床意義上不差于(非劣于)對照藥的試驗(yàn),旨在證明新的治療方法在可接受的范圍內(nèi)并不比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療方法差。
作者貢獻(xiàn):鄭晗晗負(fù)責(zé)課題設(shè)計(jì)、病例選擇、臨床資料整理、數(shù)據(jù)分析和文章撰寫;江學(xué)良負(fù)責(zé)課題設(shè)計(jì)、文章修改和審閱。
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(本文編輯:賈萌萌)
Comparison of Clinical Effect of Mesalazine Suppositories in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Active Stage Ulcerative Proctitis Between Once Daily and Twice Daily
ZHENGHan-han,JIANGXue-liang.
PostgraduateTrainingBaseofJi′nanMilitaryDistrictGeneralHospitalofLiaoningMedicalUniversity,Jinzhou121001,China
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and safety of mesalazine suppositories on mild to moderate active stage ulcerative proctitis between once daily and twice daily.MethodsThe trial was random research with non-inferiority.A total of 82 patients who met including and excluding criteria of mild and moderate active stage ulcerative proctitis in Ji′nan Military District General Hospital from October 2013 to June 2015 were divided into group A(n=41)and group B(n=41)by random number table.Group A was administrated mesalazine suppositories 1.0 g once and returned anus once daily before sleeping and after defecating in the evening;group B was administrated mesalazine suppositories 0.5 g once and returned anus after defecating once in the morning and once in the evening.The two groups were both administrated mesalazine suppositories for 8 weeks.The degree of disease activity was evaluated using disease activity index(DAI).The DAI score after 8-week treatment was the main index of curative effect,and the scores of each item of DAI(defection times,excrement with blood,mucosal inflammation and comprehensive evaluation)and clinical remission rate after 8-week treatment were secondary indexes.The adverse reactions of the two groups were recorded.ResultsThe patients all received treatment for 8 weeks.The difference of DAI scores of the two groups between before and after treatment was significant(P<0.001);before and after 8-week treatment,the two groups were not significantly different in DAI scores(P>0.05).The lower limit of bilateral 95% credibility interval(-0.33,0.87)of(U1-U2)(the DAI scores of group A after 8-week treatment-the DAI scores of group B after 8-week treatment of) was greater than -1.00 and null hypothesis was rejected,and the treatment effect of group A was the same as the treatment effect of group B.The scores of defection times,excrement with blood,mucosal inflammation and comprehensive evaluation after 8-week treatment of the two groups were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05).The scores of defection times,excrement with blood,mucosal inflammation and comprehensive evaluation of two groups between before treatment and after 8-week treatment were not significantly different(P>0.05).After 8-week treatment,the clinical remission rates of the two groups were 95.1%(39/41)and 90.2%(37/41)without significant difference between them(χ2=0.719,P=0.396).The occurrence rate of adverse actions of group A was 48.8%(20/41)and that of B group was 61.0%(25/41).The two groups were not significantly different in the occurrence rate of adverse actions(χ2=1.231,P=0.267).ConclusionIn the 8-week clinical trial,the curative effects of mesalazine suppositories 1 g once daily and 0.5 g twice daily on mild and moderate active stage ulcerative proctitis are unanimous and safe.
【Key words】Proctitis;Mesalamine;Suppositories;Disease activity index
(收稿日期:2015-06-26;修回日期:2016-01-08)
【中圖分類號(hào)】R 574.63
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2016.11.008
通信作者:江學(xué)良,250031山東省濟(jì)南市,濟(jì)南軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院消化科;E-mail:jiangxueliang678@126.com