張 婷 羅 婧 鐘 偉 孫偉麗 王 卓 孫皓然
樊燕燕 邢敬亞 李光玉*
(中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院特產(chǎn)研究所,吉林省特種經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)物分子生物學(xué)省部共建實(shí)驗(yàn)室,長(zhǎng)春130112)
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飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)冬毛期銀狐能量代謝、血清生化指標(biāo)、肝臟脂肪酸組成及肝臟型脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白基因表達(dá)的影響
張婷羅婧鐘偉孫偉麗王卓孫皓然
樊燕燕邢敬亞李光玉*
(中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院特產(chǎn)研究所,吉林省特種經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)物分子生物學(xué)省部共建實(shí)驗(yàn)室,長(zhǎng)春130112)
摘要:本試驗(yàn)旨在研究飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)冬毛期銀狐能量代謝、血清生化指標(biāo)、肝臟脂肪酸組成及肝臟型脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白(L-FABP)基因表達(dá)的影響。選取145日齡、體重相近的健康雄性銀狐50只,隨機(jī)分成5組(每組10個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)1只),分別飼喂含10%、12%、16%、20%、24%混合油脂(雞油∶豆油=1∶1)的試驗(yàn)飼糧,試驗(yàn)飼糧對(duì)應(yīng)的脂肪水平為12.85%(A組)、14.71%(B組)、18.72%(C組)、22.23%(D組)、26.11%(E組)。預(yù)試期為15 d,正試期為75 d。結(jié)果顯示:1)飼糧脂肪水平顯著或極顯著影響冬毛期銀狐干物質(zhì)日采食量、日采食代謝能、平均日增重和代謝能增重比(P<0.05或P<0.01),而對(duì)總能消化率無(wú)顯著影響(P>0.05)。2)隨著飼糧脂肪水平的升高,冬毛期銀狐血清甘油三酯(TG)、葡萄糖(GLU)水平呈升高趨勢(shì),且E組血清TG水平顯著高于A、B組(P<0.05),A組血清GLU水平顯著低于其他各組(P<0.05)。飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)血清總膽固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)水平以及谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)和谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)活性無(wú)顯著影響(P>0.05)。3)飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)冬毛期銀狐肝臟脂肪酸中多不飽和脂肪酸(PUFA)、單不飽和脂肪酸(MUFA)及飽和脂肪酸(SFA)的比例有顯著或極顯著影響(P<0.05或P<0.01)。隨著飼糧脂肪水平的升高,肝臟中PUFA和MUFA的比例升高,而SFA的比例則下降。4)隨著飼糧脂肪水平的升高,冬毛期銀狐肝臟中L-FABP mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量基本呈增加趨勢(shì),其中E組極顯著高于A、B、C組(P<0.01)。由此得出,過(guò)高的飼糧脂肪水平不利于冬毛期銀狐充分利用飼糧中營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì);提高飼糧脂肪水平可增加冬毛期銀狐血清TG和GLU水平,同時(shí)促進(jìn)肝臟中不飽和脂肪酸的沉積;提高飼糧脂肪水平可上調(diào)冬毛期銀狐肝臟中L-FABP基因的表達(dá),進(jìn)而促進(jìn)脂肪酸的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),減輕高脂飲食對(duì)肝臟造成的損傷。
關(guān)鍵詞:銀狐;脂肪水平;血清生化指標(biāo);肝臟;脂肪酸組成;肝臟型脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白
脂肪是最經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的能源物質(zhì),飼糧中添加脂肪有利于提高能量濃度,降低飼料成本[1]。大量試驗(yàn)證實(shí),高脂飲食能夠促進(jìn)毛皮動(dòng)物生長(zhǎng)[2-5]。比較Hansen等[6]的報(bào)道,NJF(2012)[7]報(bào)道的銀狐的體重提高了60%,引起體重增大的主要原因之一是體脂肪的增加[8]。但是高脂肪的攝入和大量體脂沉積不利于毛皮動(dòng)物肝臟的健康[9]。肝臟型脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白(L-FABP)是脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白家族(FABPs)的重要成員,與長(zhǎng)鏈脂肪酸高度親和,對(duì)食入脂肪在體內(nèi)的吸收轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)具有重要意義[10]。毛皮動(dòng)物對(duì)飼糧脂肪水平的要求較其他單胃動(dòng)物高,這與其特殊的脂肪代謝密不可分。本文旨在研究飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)冬毛期銀狐能量代謝、血清生化指標(biāo)、肝臟脂肪酸組成及L-FABP基因表達(dá)的影響,為銀狐脂肪酸營(yíng)養(yǎng)及脂肪代謝研究提供參考。
1材料與方法
1.1試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)動(dòng)物飼養(yǎng)管理
選取145日齡、體重相近的健康雄性銀狐50只,隨機(jī)分成5組(每組10個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)1只),分別飼喂含10%、12%、16%、20%、24%混合油脂(雞油∶豆油=1∶1)的試驗(yàn)飼糧,試驗(yàn)飼糧對(duì)應(yīng)的脂肪水平為12.85%(A組)、14.71%(B組)、18.72%(C組)、22.23%(D組)、26.11%(E組)。
所有試驗(yàn)銀狐于室外自然光照下單籠飼養(yǎng)(籠子尺寸為100 cm×80 cm×80 cm)。每天早、晚各飼喂1次,自由采食并保證充足的飲水。預(yù)試期為15 d,正試期為75 d。
1.2試驗(yàn)飼糧
以膨化玉米、豆粕、秘魯魚粉、肉骨粉、玉米蛋白粉、干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)、雞油、豆油等為主要原料,同時(shí)添加由礦物質(zhì)、維生素等組成的營(yíng)養(yǎng)性添加劑制成試驗(yàn)飼糧。試驗(yàn)飼糧組成及營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平見表1,試驗(yàn)飼糧脂肪酸組成見表2。
表1 試驗(yàn)飼糧組成及營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平(風(fēng)干基礎(chǔ))
1)每千克預(yù)混料含有One kilogram of premix contained the following:VA 800 000 IU,VD3200 000 IU,VE 4 000 mg,VK350 mg,VB1400 mg,VB2500 mg,VB6200 mg,VB124.2 mg,葉酸 folic acid 50 mg,泛酸 pantothenic acid 2 200 mg,生物素 biotin 1 600 mg,氯化膽堿 choline chloride 120 mg,VC 12 000 mg,F(xiàn)e 4 000 mg,Zn 3 200 mg,Mn 1 600 mg,I 80 mg,Se 12 mg,Cu 500 mg。
2)粗蛋白質(zhì)、粗脂肪、碳水化合物、鈣、磷、賴氨酸、蛋氨酸為測(cè)定值,代謝能依據(jù)NRC(1982)計(jì)算。Crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, Ca, P, Lys and Met were measured values, while ME was calculated based on NRC (1982).
表2 試驗(yàn)飼糧脂肪酸組成
SFA:飽和脂肪酸 saturated fatty acids;MUFA:?jiǎn)尾伙柡椭舅?monounsaturated fatty acids;PUFA:多不飽和脂肪酸 polyunsaturated fatty acids。表6同 The same as Table 6。
1.3樣品采集
試驗(yàn)第65天于晨飼前每組選取8只銀狐,用一次性真空促凝采血管在后肢外側(cè)小隱靜脈處采血5 mL,采血后立即顛倒混合5~8次,室溫靜置30 min,然后4 500 r/min離心7 min,取上層血清-80 ℃冷藏備用。試驗(yàn)結(jié)束后,每組隨機(jī)選取8只銀狐,心臟注射5 mL的琥珀乙酰膽堿處死;之后迅速解剖,取肝小葉相同部位約2 g,用生理鹽水沖洗掉血跡,放入凍存管后立即投入液氮中10 min以上,之后轉(zhuǎn)入-80 ℃冰箱保存。另取肝臟約50 g,用生理鹽水沖洗掉血跡,放入自封袋,-20 ℃冰箱冷藏待測(cè)脂肪酸組成。
1.4測(cè)定方法
1.4.1飼料養(yǎng)分含量測(cè)定
試驗(yàn)飼糧粗蛋白質(zhì)含量采用凱氏定氮法測(cè)定,參照GB/T 6432—1994;粗脂肪含量采用索氏提取儀測(cè)定,參照GB/T 6433—1994;粗灰分含量采用高溫灼燒法測(cè)定,參照GB/T 6438—1992;鈣含量采用乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)絡(luò)合滴定法測(cè)定,參照GB/T 6436—1992;磷含量采用釩鉬酸銨比色法測(cè)定,參照GB/T 6437—1992;氨基酸含量采用全自動(dòng)氨基酸分析儀(HITACHI,L-8900,日本)進(jìn)行測(cè)定。
1.4.2血清生化指標(biāo)測(cè)定
血清生化指標(biāo)均采用荷蘭威圖全自動(dòng)生化分析儀測(cè)定,測(cè)定試劑盒均購(gòu)自中生北控生物科技股份有限公司,具體測(cè)定方法參照試劑盒說(shuō)明書。
1.4.3肝臟脂肪酸組成測(cè)定
脂肪酸組成采用氣-質(zhì)-質(zhì)聯(lián)用儀(Agilent 7890A-7000B)測(cè)定。色譜條件:色譜柱DB-5MS(30 m×250 μm×0.25 μm);柱溫初始55 ℃,保持2 min,以5 ℃/min的速率升至200 ℃,保持1 min,再以2 ℃/min的速率升至230 ℃,保持3 min,再以5 ℃/min的速率升至270 ℃,保持10 min;進(jìn)樣口溫度250 ℃;載氣為氦氣(99.999%),1.0 mL/min;進(jìn)樣量1 μL;分流比為10∶1。質(zhì)譜條件:電子轟擊離子(EI)源;離子源溫度230 ℃;電子能量70 eV;接口溫度250 ℃;掃描質(zhì)量范圍為質(zhì)荷比(m/z)50~500。
1.4.4肝臟L-FABPmRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量的測(cè)定
1.4.4.1總RNA提取和cDNA的合成
取肝臟樣品于液氮中研磨成粉,收集于1.5 mL無(wú)RNA酶Eppendorf管中。總RNA的提取采用RNAiso Reagent試劑盒(TaKaRa公司),提取過(guò)程參照試劑盒說(shuō)明書。提取的總RNA通過(guò)凝膠電泳檢測(cè)其完整性,并測(cè)定總RNA在260和280 nm處的吸光度(OD)值,以檢測(cè)其純度。反轉(zhuǎn)錄依據(jù)試劑盒(TaKaRa公司)進(jìn)行,反轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物于-20 ℃凍存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
1.4.4.2L-FABPmRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量的測(cè)定
L-FABPmRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量的測(cè)定采用實(shí)時(shí)
1.5數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)與分析
試驗(yàn)結(jié)果以平均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,數(shù)據(jù)用Excel進(jìn)行整理并用SAS 8.0軟件中的GLM程序進(jìn)行方差分析,平均值之間的多重比較采用Duncan氏法進(jìn)行,P<0.01為差異極顯著,P<0.05為差異顯著,P>0.05為差異不顯著。
表3 實(shí)時(shí)熒光PCR引物序列及參數(shù)
2結(jié)果
2.1飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)冬毛期銀狐能量代謝的影響
由表4可知,飼糧脂肪水平顯著或極顯著影響冬毛期銀狐的干物質(zhì)日采食量、日采食代謝能、平均日增重和代謝能增重比(P<0.05或P<0.01)。干物質(zhì)日采食量隨飼糧脂肪水平的升高而降低,C組極顯著低于其他各組(P<0.01);B、C組日采食代謝能顯著高于A、D、E組(P<0.05);B、C、D組平均日增重極顯著高于A、E組(P<0.01),同時(shí)A組極顯著高于E組(P<0.01);E組代謝能增重比顯著高于其他各組(P<0.05)。飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)冬毛期銀狐總能消化率無(wú)顯著影響(P>0.05)。
2.2飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)冬毛期銀狐血清生化指標(biāo)的影響
由表5可知,隨著飼糧脂肪水平的升高,冬毛期銀狐血清甘油三酯(TG)水平呈升高趨勢(shì),且E組顯著高于A、B組(P<0.05)。A組血清葡萄糖(GLU)水平最低,顯著低于其他各組(P<0.05)。飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)血清總膽固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)水平及谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)和谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)活性無(wú)顯著影響(P>0.05)。
表4 飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)冬毛期銀狐能量代謝的影響
同行數(shù)據(jù)肩標(biāo)不同小寫字母表示差異顯著(P<0.05),不同大寫字母表示差異極顯著(P<0.01),相同或無(wú)字母表示差異不顯著(P>0.05)。下表同。
In the same row, values with different small letter superscripts mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letter superscripts mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01), while with no or the same letter superscripts mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below.
表5 飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)冬毛期銀狐血清生化指標(biāo)的影響
2.3飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)冬毛期銀狐肝臟脂肪酸組成的影響
由表6可知,飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)冬毛期銀狐肝臟脂肪酸中多不飽和脂肪酸(PUFA)(如C18∶2n-6、C18∶3n-3)、單不飽和脂肪酸(MUFA)(如C18∶1n-9)及飽和脂肪酸(SFA)(如C18∶0)的比例有顯著或極顯著影響(P<0.05或P<0.01)。隨著飼糧脂肪水平的升高,肝臟中PUFA和MUFA的比例升高,而SFA的比例下降。
表6 飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)冬毛期銀狐肝臟脂肪酸組成的影響(占總脂肪酸的百分比)
2.4飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)冬毛期銀狐肝臟L-FABPmRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量的影響
由圖1可以看出,隨著飼糧脂肪水平的升高,冬毛期銀狐肝臟L-FABPmRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量基本呈增加趨勢(shì),其中E組極顯著高于A、B、C組(P<0.01)。
3討論
3.1飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)冬毛期銀狐能量代謝的影響
飼糧中的能量蘊(yùn)藏在營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)中,脂肪是最有效的能量物質(zhì),其添加水平顯著影響飼糧能量濃度。本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,隨著飼糧脂肪水平的升高,冬毛期銀狐干物質(zhì)日采食量逐漸降低,這與在藍(lán)狐上所得結(jié)果[3]相一致。楊穎[11]報(bào)道,隨飼糧能量水平的升高,雄性水貂總能消化率顯著增高。本試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),提高飼糧脂肪水平并未引起銀狐總能消化率產(chǎn)生顯著變化。雖然隨著飼糧脂肪水平的升高使飼糧的代謝能逐漸增加,但日采食代謝能呈現(xiàn)出先增加后保持平衡的趨勢(shì),這可能是由于動(dòng)物為能而食[12]。含24%混合油脂組(E組)代謝能增重比顯著高于其他各組,說(shuō)明過(guò)高脂肪水平不利于銀狐更好的利用飼料中營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)進(jìn)行體組織合成。
數(shù)據(jù)柱標(biāo)注不同小寫字母表示差異顯著(P<0.05),不同大寫字母表示差異極顯著(P<0.01),相同或無(wú)字母表示差異不顯著(P>0.05)。
Value columns with different small letters mean significant difference (P<0.05), and with different capital letters mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01), while with no or the same letters mean no significant difference (P>0.05).
圖1飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)冬毛期銀狐
肝臟L-FABPmRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量的影響
Fig.1Effects of dietary fat level on relative
expression level ofL-FABPmRNA in liver of silver fox
during the winter fur-growing period
3.2飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)冬毛期銀狐血清生化指標(biāo)的影響
血脂是血液內(nèi)所有脂類物質(zhì)的總稱,主要包括TG、TC、磷脂、游離脂肪酸等[13]。TG是哺乳動(dòng)物能量貯存的主要形式,有研究表明提高飼糧能量水平可增加犬血清中TG水平[14]。Van de Ligt等[15]報(bào)道,生長(zhǎng)豬血清GLU水平隨飼糧能量水平的升高呈上升趨勢(shì)。本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與前人研究結(jié)果一致,銀狐血清TG及GLU水平隨飼糧脂肪水平的升高而升高,說(shuō)明高脂飲食促進(jìn)銀狐機(jī)體脂肪合成。此外,銀狐血清TC、HDL-C及LDL-C水平隨飼糧脂肪水平的升高有增高趨勢(shì),但各組間差異不顯著。這是由于不同的血脂指標(biāo)隨能量變化規(guī)律不同,血清TC水平不易受飼糧組成影響[16]。在人類疾病診斷中,血清ALT和AST活性是評(píng)價(jià)肝臟健康程度的重要指標(biāo)。本試驗(yàn)中各組銀狐血清ALT和AST活性無(wú)顯著差異,說(shuō)明銀狐對(duì)脂肪有一定的耐受能力。
3.3飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)冬毛期銀狐肝臟脂肪酸組成的影響
本試驗(yàn)測(cè)得的銀狐肝臟脂肪酸組成與其他毛皮動(dòng)物如歐洲熊、藍(lán)狐、水貂等肝臟脂肪酸組成相似[17-18]。組織脂肪酸中PUFA的比例是由多種因素決定的,包括脂肪酸的合成速率、相互轉(zhuǎn)化、氧化分解等[19]。本試驗(yàn)中銀狐肝臟C18∶1n-9、C18∶2n-6和C18∶3n-3比例隨飼糧脂肪水平的升高而升高,這是由于飼糧脂肪酸中C18∶1n-9和C18∶2n-6的比例高,隨飼糧脂肪水平的升高,銀狐食入的C18∶1n-9和C18∶2n-6增加,最終導(dǎo)致肝臟中沉積量增加。肝臟內(nèi)脂肪合成主要由細(xì)胞質(zhì)內(nèi)脂肪酸合成酶催化,脂肪酸合成酶主要產(chǎn)物為飽和脂肪酸C16∶0和C18∶0。Ahlstr?m等[20]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),隨飼糧脂肪水平(脂肪源為魚油)的升高,藍(lán)狐肝臟C18∶0比例顯著下降。本試驗(yàn)獲得相似結(jié)果,即銀狐肝臟C18∶0比例隨飼糧脂肪水平的升高顯著下降。其可能原因是PUFA食入量的增加抑制了脂肪酸合成酶的表達(dá)[21]。前人的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)高脂飲食可引起小鼠胰島素抵抗,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致大量脂肪沉積于肝臟[22-24]。高脂飲食是否引起銀狐胰島素抵抗有待進(jìn)一步研究。
3.4飼糧脂肪水平對(duì)冬毛期銀狐肝臟L-FABP基因表達(dá)的影響
FABPs與長(zhǎng)鏈(>14C)脂肪酸高度親和[25]。因此L-FABP基因表達(dá)量的變化能夠在一定程度上反映肝臟脂肪代謝情況。前人研究表明,L-FABP基因表達(dá)受飼糧油脂的調(diào)控[23,26]。Matzinger等[27]研究表明,脂肪代謝活躍組織如肝臟、小腸脂肪組織等,F(xiàn)ABPs基因表達(dá)量較高。本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,隨飼糧脂肪水平的升高,銀狐肝臟L-FABPmRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量基本呈增加趨勢(shì)。肝臟中L-FABPmRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量的增加主要是由于高脂肪酸的攝入和利用。本試驗(yàn)中,銀狐采食高脂肪水平飼糧后,攝入了高水平的長(zhǎng)鏈脂肪酸,脂肪酸經(jīng)腸道消化吸收被轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)至肝臟,促進(jìn)L-FABP基因表達(dá)以加快脂肪酸的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),進(jìn)而減少肝臟脂肪沉積。隨著對(duì)FABPs基因研究的不斷深入,其在脂肪代謝疾病診斷方面的潛力受到學(xué)者們的關(guān)注[28-29]。高脂飲食是否引起銀狐脂肪代謝疾病有待進(jìn)一步研究。
4結(jié)論
本試驗(yàn)條件下:
① 提高飼糧脂肪水平可降低冬毛期銀狐的干物質(zhì)日采食量,日采食代謝能表現(xiàn)出先升高后降低的趨勢(shì),過(guò)高脂肪水平不利于銀狐充分利用飼糧中的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。
② 提高飼糧脂肪水平可增加冬毛期銀狐血清TG和GLU水平,同時(shí)促進(jìn)肝臟不飽和脂肪酸的沉積。
③ 提高飼糧脂肪水平可上調(diào)冬毛期銀狐肝臟中L-FABP基因的表達(dá),進(jìn)而促進(jìn)脂肪酸的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),減輕高脂飲食對(duì)肝臟造成的損傷。
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(責(zé)任編輯菅景穎)
Effects of Dietary Fat Level on Energy Metabolism, Serum Biochemical Indices, Liver Fatty Acid Composition and Liver Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein Gene Expression of Silver Foxes During the Winter Fur-Growing Period
ZHANG TingLUO JingZHONG WeiSUN WeiliWANG ZhuoSUN Haoran FAN YanyanXING JingyaLI Guangyu*
(State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun 130112, China)
Abstract:This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary fat level on energy metabolism, serum biochemical indices, liver fatty acid composition and liver type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) gene expression of silver foxes during the winter fur-growing period. Fifty 145-day-old healthy male silver foxes with a similar body weight were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 replicates per group and 1 fox per replicate, and they were fed experimental diets containing 10%, 12%, 16%, 20% and 24% lipid mixture (soybean oil∶chicken oil=50∶50), respectively. The fat level in those experimental diets was 12.85% (group A), 14.71% (group B), 18.72% (group C), 22.23% (group D) and 26.11% (group E), respectively. The experiment was 15 days for adaptation and 75 days for trial period. The results showed as follows: 1) dietary fat level significantly or extremely significantly affected the daily dry matter intake, daily metabolizable energy (ME) intake, average daily gain and ME/gain of silver foxes during the winter fur-growing period (P<0.05 or P<0.01), but there was no significant effect on gross energy digestibility (P>0.05). 2) Serum triglyceride (TG) and glucose (GLU) levels showed increasing trends with dietary fat level increasing, and the serum TG level in group E was significantly higher than that in groups A and B (P<0.05), while the serum GLU level in group A was significantly lower than that in other groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) contents, and alanine transarninase (ALT) and alanine transarninase (AST) activities among groups (P>0.05). 3) Dietary fat level significantly or extremely significantly affected the proportions of liver polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and satisfied fatty acids (SFA) of silver foxes during the winter fur-growing period (P<0.05 or P<0.01). With the dietary fat level increasing, the proportions of liver PUFA and MUFA were increased, while the proportion of liver SFA was decreased. 4) The relative expression level of L-FABP mRNA in liver was up-regulated with dietary fat level increasing, and that in group E was extremely significantly higher than that in groups A, B and C (P<0.01). These results indicate that the high level of fat in the diet does not conducive to the utilization of dietary nutrients for silver foxes during the winter fur-growing period. Increasing dietary fat level can increase the levels of serum TG and GLU, and promote the unsaturated fatty acid deposition in liver of silver foxes during the winter fur-growing period. Increasing dietary fat level can also up-regulate the liver L-FABP mRNA expression of silver foxes during the winter fur-growing period,which lead to promote the transportation of fat, and then reduce the damage to the liver caused by high fat diet.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2016, 28(2):618-626]
Key words:silver foxes; fat level; serum biochemical indices; liver; fatty acid composition; liver type fatty acid binding protein
*Corresponding author, professor, E-mail: tcslgy@126.com
中圖分類號(hào):S816
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
文章編號(hào):1006-267X(2016)02-0618-09
作者簡(jiǎn)介:張婷(1988—),女,吉林長(zhǎng)春人,碩士研究生,研究方向?yàn)橐吧鷦?dòng)植物保護(hù)與利用。E-mail: zhangting542118@163.com*通信作者:李光玉,研究員,博士生導(dǎo)師,E-mail: tcslgy@126.com
基金項(xiàng)目:吉林省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(20140101033JC);中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院科技創(chuàng)新工程項(xiàng)目
收稿日期:2015-08-31
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.02.038
動(dòng)物營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)報(bào)2016年2期