張厚玲
摘要:在英語語法中,虛擬語氣的掌握與運(yùn)用一直是個(gè)難點(diǎn)。該語法雖然不作為考試的重點(diǎn),但在交際中會常用到,能增加交際時(shí)語言表達(dá)的委婉與含蓄,提高交際的得體性。本節(jié)課為“虛擬語氣”的一節(jié)高三語法復(fù)習(xí)課。因此,本節(jié)復(fù)習(xí)課更應(yīng)注重幫助學(xué)生從總體上把握該語法,通過引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自己分析與歸納,經(jīng)歷一系列的思維過程,讓其從總體上形成對該語法的框架結(jié)構(gòu)圖,培養(yǎng)與鍛煉學(xué)生的思維,讓課堂上的學(xué)生生活在思考的世界里,讓學(xué)生在分析與綜合、比較與分類、抽象概括與具體化等思維的基本過程中,在教師的啟發(fā)下,不斷提升自我的思維能力。
關(guān)鍵詞:英語教學(xué);虛擬語氣;片斷描述;案例分析
中圖分類號:G633.4文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:1992-7711(2016)07-061-1
一、片斷描述
第一步:
(電腦屏幕呈現(xiàn)紅色藝術(shù)字體:Subjunctive Mood ???)
T:You may ask any question you think of when you see the two words!
S1: What is the definition of the Subjunctive Mood?
S2: Why should we use it?
S3: In what situation can it be used?
S4: ...
T: quite good. You have thought of many good questions about this grammar. Now, lets see what we should learn about Subjunctive Mood in this class.
第二步:
Now, what conclusion can you draw when seeing the following sentences?
(教師操作電腦,屏幕上呈現(xiàn)下列句子)
1. If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house.
2. I suggest that a meeting should be held to discuss this problem.
3. My advice is that we should take measures immediately in order to avoid the pollution.
4. You might have given him more help, but you did not
(下面為學(xué)生的回答)
S1: The first sentence means Subjunctive Mood can be used in adverbial clause.
S2: This grammar can be used in Object Clause.
T: Actually, Object Clause belongs to...?
S2: Noun Clause.
T: Yes, quite right.
T: S3, what do you want to say about the third sentence?
S3: I think this sentence means Subjunctive Mood can be used in the Predicative Clause, belonging to Noun Clause.
T: I quite agree with you. What about the last sentence, S4?
S4: some 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can be used to express Subjective Mood.(學(xué)生笑)
T: Good, You can speak Chinese if you cant express it in English, It doesnt matter. All of you summarize these sentences in a good way. To master a grammar, we must have a good knowledge of its general structure from different aspects. Just now, you have analyzed it quite well. Now , let me show what you should keep in mind.
第三步:
(屏幕呈現(xiàn)下列中文授課提綱,以便讓學(xué)生更好地從整體上理解與把握)
** 虛擬語氣定義(Subjunctive Mood)
(表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí),而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測等)
** 虛擬語氣的具體應(yīng)用
條件狀語從句(introduced by if clauses);
名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用;
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done;
特例……
二、案例分析
首先,教師給出兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞,要求學(xué)生針對Subjunctive Mood進(jìn)行提問。本步驟的目的首先是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的質(zhì)疑能力,讓學(xué)生自己提出問題,并能借助于分析與綜合這一思維的基本過程,在思想上把本語法作為一個(gè)整體分解為部分,如學(xué)生從虛擬的定義、在狀語從句、名詞性從句(尤其是賓語從句與主語從句)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、特殊表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)等方面去認(rèn)識,對本語法進(jìn)行思維上的分析。同時(shí),這個(gè)過程也就意味著把虛擬語氣的各種用法綜合起來考慮,通過思維的過程——綜合,從整體上把握本語法,形成虛擬語氣的思維結(jié)構(gòu)圖,運(yùn)用圖示法掌握本語法。
其次,通過第二步所呈現(xiàn)的句子讓學(xué)生在觀察中總結(jié)規(guī)律,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生積極思維,積極嘗試自我探究與發(fā)現(xiàn)。學(xué)習(xí)者在老師的啟發(fā)引導(dǎo)下,對該語法規(guī)則進(jìn)行觀察,并根據(jù)其特征進(jìn)行抽象概括,然后歸納出規(guī)則,這也就是歸納教學(xué)法。這種教學(xué)法比較符合語言習(xí)得的自然順序,而且有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)者的主動(dòng)探索精神,調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)者的積極性和主動(dòng)性,形成學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)與提升學(xué)習(xí)者的思維。啟發(fā)式、探索發(fā)現(xiàn)的學(xué)習(xí)方式讓學(xué)生在例句中去觀察總結(jié)固定的句型或發(fā)現(xiàn)特點(diǎn)規(guī)律。這樣的訓(xùn)練有利于學(xué)生自學(xué)英語,傳授給學(xué)生一種好的學(xué)習(xí)方法,讓學(xué)生知道該從哪里入手去學(xué)習(xí)一個(gè)新的語法項(xiàng)目。同時(shí),這樣的教和學(xué)的過程也是一個(gè)讓學(xué)生積極思考的過程,利于調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的思維,使他們精神集中。
再次,第三步的操作是對學(xué)生積極思考的肯定,是對學(xué)生的行為做出一種積極的評價(jià),也是讓學(xué)生通過視覺加深記憶的同時(shí),調(diào)動(dòng)其各種感官的綜合運(yùn)用。本步驟幫助學(xué)生從整體上把握虛擬語氣的概要,幫助學(xué)生在腦海中構(gòu)建有關(guān)虛擬這一語法的思維框架圖,讓學(xué)生在分析與綜合、比較與分類、抽象概括與具體化等思維的基本過程中,不斷提升自我的思維能力。