江媛萍
摘要:完形填空是學(xué)生認(rèn)為最棘手的題型之一,它既考查對(duì)語(yǔ)法、詞匯、習(xí)語(yǔ)、句型、搭配等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用能力,又考查對(duì)短文的閱讀理解能力。其中又包括在具體的語(yǔ)境中靈活運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力。根據(jù)試題內(nèi)容進(jìn)行正確的邏輯推理,綜合判斷和分析概括的能力。本文從文本分析研究的角度進(jìn)行了探究,希望能給英語(yǔ)教學(xué)帶來(lái)幫助。
關(guān)鍵詞:語(yǔ)篇;文體;記敘文;說(shuō)明文;議論文
中圖分類號(hào):G632.0 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1992-7711(2016)03-0126
一、概說(shuō)
完形測(cè)驗(yàn)(cloze test)這一測(cè)試方法自1953年由威爾遜·泰勒(Wilson Taylor)提出的。最初此類型是用于測(cè)試母語(yǔ)文章可讀性的方法。到七十年代,由于奧勒(Oller)等人的大力提倡,這一形式引起了廣大外語(yǔ)測(cè)試專家的注意與興趣,并作為一種綜合考試的形式用于測(cè)量個(gè)人的外語(yǔ)水平。完形填空被認(rèn)為是一種測(cè)試語(yǔ)言綜合能力和閱讀理解的快捷而經(jīng)濟(jì)的方式。(徐強(qiáng),1992)。根據(jù)Cohen1880年的定義,完形填空就是題目設(shè)計(jì)者將一篇由一個(gè)或者數(shù)個(gè)段落組成的段落中的一些單詞或者短語(yǔ)刪掉。要求受試者利用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、語(yǔ)篇知識(shí)及社會(huì)知識(shí)將刪除的詞復(fù)原的一種測(cè)試方式。刪除某些單詞的短文看上去形體不整,通過(guò)填空使其回復(fù)形體完整。故稱之為完形填空。其以格式塔心理學(xué)中的完形概念為基礎(chǔ),強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力的考查。(Alderson,2000)。
完形填空是學(xué)生認(rèn)為最棘手的題型之一,它既考查對(duì)語(yǔ)法、詞匯、習(xí)語(yǔ)、句型、搭配等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用能力,又考查對(duì)短文的閱讀理解能力。其中又包括在具體的語(yǔ)境中靈活運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力。根據(jù)試題內(nèi)容進(jìn)行正確的邏輯推理、綜合判斷和分析概括的能力。
二、學(xué)生得分現(xiàn)狀
一直以來(lái),學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)高考完形填空得分率都較低。就貴州省這樣的新課改省份而言,30分的總分,學(xué)生的高考均分不到14分。這是一個(gè)讓人驚心的數(shù)字?;谶@種現(xiàn)象及近幾年高考出題以語(yǔ)篇為背景的大環(huán)境,筆者閱讀了許多相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)及實(shí)踐探索之后,頗有小感。
三、語(yǔ)篇
Language doesnt occur in stray words or sentences,but in connected
discourse.(Harris,1952:357,cited in Windowsson,1974/1981:54)For instance,In A New English Grammar,Zhang(1983:684;2003:70)pointed out that tests,either spoken or written,are sentences meaning-related and connected by certain devices and a semantic whole with cohension in structure and cohenrence in meaning;In other words,texts,either spoken or written,are generally formed by sentences and sentences groups/clusters.Therefore,sentences are the basic units to forming texts.According to Online Etymology Dictionary(“the word discourse referred to the conversation in Late Latin,the literary Latin language as spoken and written and had the sense of format speech or writing”first recorded 1580s.
簡(jiǎn)言之,句子是語(yǔ)言關(guān)聯(lián)的存在,是有結(jié)構(gòu)與語(yǔ)義上起承接作用的連詞連在一起的語(yǔ)義單位,而語(yǔ)篇小到單詞、大到著作,語(yǔ)義表達(dá)的背景、服務(wù)的目的和承接的方式,不是孤立存在的、無(wú)生命的詞匯。
四、語(yǔ)篇分析
語(yǔ)篇分析就是以語(yǔ)篇為基本單位,掌握語(yǔ)篇背景,從語(yǔ)義、語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)用幾個(gè)方面分析文本,研究語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu)、句子的排列、句際的關(guān)系、會(huì)話結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)句的指向性、信息度、句子之間的語(yǔ)句銜接和語(yǔ)義上的連貫等內(nèi)容,強(qiáng)調(diào)為題的一致性和連貫性。文體分析、語(yǔ)域分析、體裁分析、銜接構(gòu)成了語(yǔ)篇分析的常見(jiàn)四大途徑。下面,筆者就文體(體裁分析方面)做簡(jiǎn)單的分析。
1. 語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的背景
語(yǔ)言都是在一定的環(huán)境中存在的,離開(kāi)環(huán)境的語(yǔ)言沒(méi)有表義功能。請(qǐng)看下面對(duì)話:A:Where is my cake?B:Oh,Sally seems full.如果脫離語(yǔ)境看這個(gè)對(duì)話中的兩個(gè)句子,似乎答非所問(wèn)的搞笑場(chǎng)面。但如若增加兩者的生活環(huán)境即是增加其對(duì)話存在的背景(就是我們所說(shuō)的語(yǔ)篇環(huán)境)。A、B兩人為夫妻關(guān)系,Sally是家里一只愛(ài)偷吃蛋糕的貓。這個(gè)時(shí)候,結(jié)果就不言而喻了。The cat ate the cake.
2. 文體分析
首先什么是文體
文體,是指獨(dú)立成篇的文本體栽(或樣式、體制),是文本構(gòu)成的規(guī)格和模式,是一種獨(dú)特的文化現(xiàn)象,是某種歷史內(nèi)容長(zhǎng)期積淀的產(chǎn)物。它反映了文本從內(nèi)容到形式的整體特點(diǎn),屬于形式范疇。文體的構(gòu)成包括表層的文本因素,如表達(dá)手法、題材性質(zhì)、結(jié)構(gòu)類型、語(yǔ)言體式、形態(tài)格式,以及深層的社會(huì)因素,如時(shí)代精神、民族傳統(tǒng)、階級(jí)印記、作家風(fēng)格、交際境域、讀者經(jīng)驗(yàn)等。文體的特征及其劃分,往往取決于其層面結(jié)構(gòu)中某些因素的強(qiáng)化、突出或變異。文體的客觀存在是一種社會(huì)文化的需求,但更重要的是依賴于自身的獨(dú)特的功能。德國(guó)姚斯在《走向接受美學(xué)》中認(rèn)為:“文學(xué)的形式類型既不是作家主觀的創(chuàng)造,也不僅是反思性的有序概念,而主要是一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。類型與形式的存在依賴于它們?cè)诂F(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的功能。”文體在某種意義上也可以說(shuō)就是表達(dá),就是選擇,就是風(fēng)格,甚至也可以說(shuō)是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)。每種文體都具有某種對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)內(nèi)容的表達(dá)功能,這是文體的本質(zhì)特征,也是它產(chǎn)生和存在的前提。文體是內(nèi)容和形式的統(tǒng)一。文本內(nèi)容決定體裁形式,選擇、運(yùn)用哪種文體,取決于表現(xiàn)對(duì)象的特點(diǎn)以及作者反映的具體方式。而文體與體裁這兩個(gè)概念在某些文化背景下可以互換,比較通俗的文學(xué)概念為體裁。對(duì)于高考完形填空而言,影響力非同小可。
毛延生(2006)對(duì)影響完形填空難度的文本文體因素做了實(shí)證研究,揭示了不同文本文體在不同的完形填空生成方式小對(duì)完形測(cè)試難度產(chǎn)生的不同影響;Braley(1994)指出語(yǔ)篇本身的難度(text difficulty)會(huì)影響完形測(cè)試的難度,太難的語(yǔ)篇會(huì)影響學(xué)生答題的表現(xiàn)。而語(yǔ)篇難度又受制于文體形式??v觀近幾年的高考,各考點(diǎn)完形填空試題不外乎集中于記敘文、(純記敘、夾敘夾議)說(shuō)明文、議論文。
(1)記敘文類完形填空語(yǔ)篇分析
記敘文是一種常見(jiàn)的寫作體裁,它具有目的性、程序性等特征。正確的認(rèn)識(shí)和把握其體裁特征有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)篇意識(shí)。對(duì)逐步培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的閱讀鑒賞能力和寫作能力也有積極的意義。它是以描寫敘述為主。主要描寫人物、事件、地點(diǎn)或者過(guò)程。其特點(diǎn)是:其主題往往潛伏在字里行間,沒(méi)有直接地表露出來(lái)。文章主要透過(guò)體察所揭示的人物、事件來(lái)進(jìn)行提煉。描寫手法大多按時(shí)間跨度、空間順序、上下順序來(lái)展開(kāi)。閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)采用略讀與掃讀的方法。因此,在我們拿到一篇完形填空后。以2014年高考新課標(biāo)卷的完形填空(與全國(guó)卷2一樣)
完形填空(共20小題;每題1. 5分,滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A, B, C和D)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top 41 , but on their way back conditions were very
42 . Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon
43 alone, he would probably get back 44 . But Simon decided to risk his 45 and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(繩).
As they 46 down, the weather got worse. Then another 47
occurred. They couldnt see or hear each other and, 48 , Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁). It was 49
for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up. Joes 50 was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. 51 , after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to 52 . In tears, he cut the rope. Joe 53 into a huge crevasse(裂縫)in the ice below. He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. He couldnt walk, but he 54 to get out of the crevasse and started to 55 towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers 56 .
Simon had 57 the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be 58 , but he didnt want to leave 59 . Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joes voice. He couldnt 60 it. Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive.
41. A. hurriedly B. carefully C. successfully D. early
42. A. difficult B. similar C. specia D. normal
43. A. climbed B. worked C. rested D. continued
44. A. unwillingly B. safely C. slowly D. regretfully
45. A. fortune B. time C. health D. life
46. A. lay B. settled C. went D. looked
47. A. damage B. storm C. change D. trouble
48. A. by mistake B. by chance C. by choice D. by luck
49. A. unnecessary B. practical C. important D. impossible
50. A. height B. weight C. strength D. equipment
51. A. Finally B. take a rest C. make a decision D. hold on
53. A. jumped B. fel C. escaped D. backed
54. A. managed B. planned C. waited D. hoped
55. A. run B. skate C. move D. march
56. A. around B. away C. above D. along
57. A. headed for B. travelled to C. left for D. returned to
58. A. dead B. hurt C. weak D. late
59. A. secretly B. tiredly C. immediately D. anxiously
60. A. find B. believe C. make D. accept
第一步:快速掃讀文章,對(duì)于文章中是否存在多次人名、地名、人稱代詞做出敏捷反應(yīng),如果具有上述特征,基本可以確定其體裁為記敘文。
如該篇短文的第一句就透露出的人文信息:Joe Simpson and Simon Yates;地點(diǎn)信息:The west face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains.短文中,Joe Simpson and Simon Yates的名字又多次出現(xiàn),因此為體裁的決定提供了必然必要又強(qiáng)有力的依據(jù)。
第二步:掃讀短文,弄清文章的寫作脈絡(luò)。
通過(guò)掃讀,學(xué)生會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),這篇短文按照時(shí)間的先后順序講述了一個(gè)生命奇跡的故事,Joe Simpson and Simon Yates一起攀登安第斯山脈的Siula Grande,在快到山頂?shù)臅r(shí)候,Joe摔斷了腿,在Simon冒著生命危險(xiǎn)想要通過(guò)用繩子把他放到山下的過(guò)程中,由于失誤,Joe跌入了冰裂縫中,最后Simon不得不砍掉繩索,含淚放棄。而奇跡般地,Joe在三天后頑強(qiáng)地爬到了近10英里之外的營(yíng)地,找到了一直不愿離開(kāi)的朋友Simon。這是生命的奇跡,告訴我們只要不放棄,一切皆有可能:Everything is possible.與此同時(shí),從內(nèi)心也搞定了本篇記敘文的六要素:
時(shí)間:winter;地點(diǎn):The west face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains;人物:Joe Simpson and Simon Yates;起因:Climb the Joe Simpson and Simon Yates
經(jīng)過(guò):Joe hurt his leg and Simon risked his life to help Joe to go down the mountain by catching a rope,but they met greater trouble and Samon had to give up and Joe fell into a crevasse.;結(jié)果:Jeo survived because he didnt give up.
當(dāng)短文的體裁被弄清楚了,學(xué)生再又有了長(zhǎng)時(shí)間量的積累,就能夠通過(guò)以上步驟快速反應(yīng)出短文的寫作脈絡(luò)、六要素。這樣,短文的structure就自然而然地呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)。也就避免了做完形的最大障礙——只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木不見(jiàn)森林。這樣就能做到心中有數(shù)、有的放矢、初戰(zhàn)告捷,對(duì)學(xué)生能產(chǎn)生很大的正面心理引導(dǎo),讓他們有很強(qiáng)的信心來(lái)面對(duì)接下來(lái)的選項(xiàng)的抉擇。
(2)說(shuō)明文體
說(shuō)明文是以說(shuō)明為主要表達(dá)方式來(lái)閱讀事物、闡明事理,從而給人知識(shí)的文章體裁。它是通過(guò)揭示概念來(lái)說(shuō)明事物的特點(diǎn)、本質(zhì)及其規(guī)律,實(shí)用性強(qiáng)、涵蓋面廣。說(shuō)明文的說(shuō)明一定要有條理,說(shuō)明的順序是按照事物本身的條理和人的認(rèn)識(shí)規(guī)律來(lái)安排的:由表及里、有實(shí)到虛、由分到合、由遠(yuǎn)及近、由淺入深、逐步闡述。通常有兩種模式:(一)總分式:總——分;總——分——總;分——總;(二)遞進(jìn)式:事理說(shuō)明文。英語(yǔ)完形填空多采用該模式,一層層地剖析事理。具有條理性,常遵循空間順序、時(shí)間順序、邏輯順序。
如2014年廣東卷
Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their childrens refusal to help with the 4 . On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.
The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems. However, some approaches are more 7 than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their childrens 9 . On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who dont help their parents with the shopping dont find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 11 their actions.
Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may 14 their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and
15 each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
1. A. natural B. strong C. guilty D. similar
2. A. interest B. argument C. link D. knowledge
3. A. noisy B. crowded C. messy D. locked
4. A. homework B. housework C. problem D. research
5. A. washing B. using C. dropping D. replacing
6. A. approaches B. contributions C. introductions D. attitudes
7. A. complex B. popular C. scientific D. successful
8. A. later B. deliberately C. seldom D. thoroughly
9. A. behavior B. taste C. future D. nature
10. A. failures B. changes C. consequences D. thrills
11. A. defend B. delay C. repeat D. reconsider
12. A. communication B. bond C. friendship D. trust
13. A. reply B. attend C. attach D. talk
14. A. hate B. scold C. frighten D. stop
15. A. loving B. observing C. understanding D. praising
語(yǔ)篇解讀建議:
①快速掃讀短文,弄清文體
通過(guò)掃讀,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)短文里有這樣的標(biāo)志性句式:According to a recent research...The research,conducted by St George University shows...從而快速弄清這是一篇說(shuō)明文,說(shuō)明對(duì)象是一個(gè)研究結(jié)果。
②弄清短文結(jié)構(gòu)
學(xué)生通過(guò)掃讀(即讀每一段的第一句)會(huì)很快確定該篇短文的結(jié)構(gòu)為總(提出問(wèn)題——父母與孩子之間相處困難)——分(分析問(wèn)題——分析相處困難的原因)——總(解決問(wèn)題——多溝通)
③弄清作者意圖
④看主人公是喜是怒,正確把握反應(yīng)作者情感的關(guān)鍵詞,弄清作者是否一直用某種態(tài)度敘述某事件。
如2014廣東卷,作者通過(guò)首段提出父母與青少年子女之間住在一起彼此都會(huì)感到交往很困難的現(xiàn)象。用On the one hand,one the other hand 兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)分別道出了父母對(duì)待孩子存在的問(wèn)題的不同態(tài)度。再引出St.George University 的研究,展示具體的不同父母處理問(wèn)題的不同方式,其間運(yùn)用for example舉例,but,on the contrary 引出的轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比了不同的方法。最后一段用Psychologists的觀點(diǎn)說(shuō)明交流是父母與孩子關(guān)系中最重要的因素。父母應(yīng)該在照顧孩子生活的同時(shí),學(xué)會(huì)去傾聽(tīng)孩子的想法,。側(cè)重說(shuō)明交流是雙向的過(guò)程。只有通過(guò)交流,父母與孩子之間的問(wèn)題才能得到解決。通過(guò)以上大方向上的語(yǔ)篇分析的過(guò)程,學(xué)生對(duì)接下來(lái)的選擇能做到胸有成竹、有的放矢。
(3)議論文體
議論文是一種通過(guò)剖析事物、論述事理、提出主張、發(fā)表見(jiàn)解的問(wèn)題。其完形填空分兩種,一種是夾敘夾議;另一種是純議論型。第一種的基本模式是敘述事件、提出感悟、做出結(jié)論(更偏向于被歸類為記敘文)。第二種的基本模式:提出論點(diǎn)、列舉論據(jù)、提出作者觀點(diǎn)。這就是2014年全國(guó)卷1的特點(diǎn)。
As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常規(guī))basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this 41 at work in people of all 42 . For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 43 with their new toys. But their 44 soon wears off and by January those 45 toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 46 stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someones 47 interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child
48 bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the
49 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great 50 but are soon looking forward to 51 . The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many 52 , who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, 53 drove for hours at a time when they first 54 their drivers license (執(zhí)照)? Before people retire, they usually 55 to do a lot of 56 things, which they never had 57 to do while working. But
58 after retirement , the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 59 . And , like the child in January, they go searching for new 60 .
41. A. principle B. habit C. weaker D. power
42. A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages
43. A. working B. living C. playing D. going
44. A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow
45. A. same B. extra C. funny D. expensive
46. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed
C. newly- collected D. half-filled
47. A. broad B. passing C. different D. main
48. A. silently B. impatiently C. gladly D. worriedly
49. A. promise B. burden C. right D. game
50. A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement
51. A. graduation B. independence C. responsibility D. success
52. A. children B. students C. adults D. retirees
53. A. carefully B. eagerly C. nervously D. bravely
54. A. required B. obtained C. noticed D.discovered
55. A. need B. learn C. start D. plan
56. A. great B. strong C. difficult D. correct
57. A. time B. money C. skills D. knowledge
58. A. only B. well C. even D. soon.
59. A. lost B. chose C. left D. quit
60. A. pets B. toys C. friends D. colleagues
2014年高考全國(guó)卷1一改前幾年高考完形填空均屬于夾敘夾議、小故事、大道理型的文章風(fēng)格,變成了一篇介紹“人的興趣和關(guān)注度隨著時(shí)間的推移而變化”的議論文。試題覆蓋面廣,但更科學(xué)、更能強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)篇分析與理解的連貫性。那么,怎樣解讀議論文類的完形填空呢?
①迅速掃讀,確定文體
就2014全國(guó)卷1的完形填空而言,第一句很明顯地透露了文章的體裁為議論文。也就是說(shuō)可以首句制勝,明確論點(diǎn):通常,各種形式的活動(dòng)按照常規(guī)去做都會(huì)只感到厭倦。
②挖掘結(jié)構(gòu)
該篇短文結(jié)構(gòu)清晰、脈絡(luò)有序。它的論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證有序地安排在引子、正文結(jié)論這一議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)中。能說(shuō)明論據(jù)的答案,可以在論點(diǎn)里得到印證,而論點(diǎn)的答案也可以與論據(jù)結(jié)合起來(lái)。這樣論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)形成一體,相互印證。有時(shí),作者為了使文章脈絡(luò)清楚、邏輯流暢,都會(huì)使用一些連詞,如:on the contrary,as a matter of fact,all in all, in short,generally speaking,worse still,for example,on the other hand,in conclusion等。在本篇文章中,只用了as a matter of fact提出事實(shí)論據(jù);for example進(jìn)行舉例,通過(guò)例子,有力支撐論點(diǎn)。而全文也遵循了:論點(diǎn)——論據(jù)的結(jié)構(gòu),文章脈絡(luò)清楚,解讀好能掃清學(xué)生理解上很大的障礙,為有效完成選擇提供基本保證。
③弄清論證方法
議論文型完形填空都按照一定的論證方法來(lái)論證的,常見(jiàn)的論證方法有:歸納法(分析個(gè)別事物達(dá)到共同點(diǎn),得出結(jié)論);推理法(從原理出發(fā),個(gè)別說(shuō)明,得出結(jié)論);對(duì)照法(正反對(duì)照,分析說(shuō)明,的出結(jié)論);駁論法(闡述錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)、逐條批駁、闡明觀點(diǎn))。而2014年全國(guó)卷1的這篇短文采用的就是推理法,先提出原理:各種形式的活動(dòng)按照常規(guī)去做都會(huì)導(dǎo)致厭倦。再個(gè)別分析,從幼年——中年——老年不同年齡段的舉例分析。最后用舉例得出結(jié)論:人們就像元月份的孩子一樣,很快就會(huì)扔掉舊玩具找到新的玩具,即尋找新的讓自己感興趣的東西。
總而言之,語(yǔ)篇分析中的文體分析教學(xué),對(duì)于學(xué)生有效完成英語(yǔ)完形填空有著積極重要的作用。正確有效、持之以恒地在教學(xué)過(guò)程中關(guān)注文體語(yǔ)篇分析,對(duì)學(xué)生完形填空能力的提升有著不可低估的作用。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1] 《Teachers-initiated Text-based Questions and Questioning in EF2classroom Theory and Practice》(劉煒/2011)
[2] 《Cohension in English》(M.AK Halliday Ruqaiya Hanson,2012)
《走向接受美學(xué)》(姚斯,德國(guó))
注:“本文為2013年貴州省教育科學(xué)規(guī)劃課題立項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)課題《高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇教學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究》(課題編號(hào):2013A010)的階段性成果”之下子課題《高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇分析教學(xué)在高三復(fù)習(xí)階段語(yǔ)法填空中的探究》(校本課題編號(hào):2014B011)。
(作者單位:貴州省畢節(jié)市民族中學(xué) 551700)