商文靜 龐 敏 劉 越
1 濱州醫(yī)學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院生物化學(xué)與分子生物學(xué)教研室 煙臺 264003;2 濱州醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院麻醉科
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高分辨率溶解曲線分析miRNA-196a2基因多態(tài)性與肺癌相關(guān)性
商文靜1龐敏1劉越2
1 濱州醫(yī)學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院生物化學(xué)與分子生物學(xué)教研室煙臺264003;2 濱州醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院麻醉科
【摘要】目的探討microRNA-196a2基因多態(tài)性(rs1614913)與中國人群肺癌發(fā)病相關(guān)性。方法應(yīng)用高分辨率溶解曲線(high resolution melting,HRM)分析技術(shù)對32例肺癌患者、27例肺部良性腫瘤患者及84例健康個(gè)體的microRNA-196a2基因多態(tài)性進(jìn)行分析,并采用聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)-限制性片段長度多態(tài)性(PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)技術(shù)加以佐證。結(jié)果micro-196a2在各組基因型分布均達(dá)到Hardy-Weinberg平衡。肺癌組C等位基因的分布頻率高于對照組(P=0.0016),OR=2.592(95%CI 1.424~4.716),說明C等位基因增加肺癌患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。結(jié)論MicroRNA-196a2 T/C (rs1614913)多態(tài)性增加肺癌的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。MicroRNA-196a2基因多態(tài)性rs1614913可能是肺癌的一種有效的遺傳標(biāo)記物。
【關(guān)鍵詞】肺癌;miRNA-196a2;單核苷酸多態(tài)性;高分辨率溶解曲線
肺癌是世界上嚴(yán)重威脅人類健康的疾病,在我國肺癌的發(fā)病率和死亡率高于其他實(shí)體瘤[1]。肺癌的形成不僅與環(huán)境因素相關(guān),還取決于個(gè)體遺傳易感性,大量研究表明有成百上千的蛋白質(zhì)編碼基因參與了肺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程,如P53、Ras家族等。近幾十年來,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多新的肺癌治療靶點(diǎn),如EGFR[2]、LKB1[3]、KARS[4]、EML4-ALK[5]等,并且許多新的治療肺癌的藥物走向臨床,如吉非替尼[6]、克唑替尼[7]、順鉑[8]等,但其五年生存率僅達(dá)到17%[9]。
microRNAs(miRNAs),一類廣泛存在的非編碼RNA,可通過作用于靶基因的3'端非翻譯區(qū)加速靶基因的降解[10]。研究證明,miRNAs可以作為癌基因和抑癌基因在腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展中起著重要作用[11]。單核苷酸多態(tài)性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)是人類最常見的遺傳變異,不僅與人類多樣性的表型和疾病易感性相關(guān),并且影響藥物的反應(yīng)性和腫瘤預(yù)后。miRNAs的基因多態(tài)性或突變可影響其介導(dǎo)的基因調(diào)控及表型,進(jìn)而改變個(gè)體對疾病的易感性[12]。miRNA-196a2屬于人miRNA-196家族[13],高表達(dá)的miRNA-196a與多種腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移及生存率有關(guān)[14]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用高分辨率溶解曲線(high resolution melting,HRM)分析技術(shù),佐以聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)-限制性片段長度多態(tài)性(PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)技術(shù),分析研究miRNA-196a2 rs11614913的單核苷酸多態(tài)性與肺癌易感性的相關(guān)性。
1對象與方法
1.1對象收集山東省煙臺地區(qū)人群血液樣本,并經(jīng)病理確診的肺癌病32例(肺癌組)、肺部良性腫瘤17例(良性組),同期煙臺地區(qū)的健康人85例為對照組。所有研究對象均為相互間無血緣關(guān)系的中國漢族人群,且年齡、性別、吸煙情況等信息無顯著性差異。三組受檢者取清晨空腹肘靜脈血3~5 mL,EDTA抗凝,于-80℃冰箱長期保存,待用。
1.2方法
1.2.1全血DNA提取及檢測采用酚氯仿提取-乙醇沉淀法提取全血基因組DNA,并行1%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳鑒定。采用紫外線分光光度儀測定DNA純度,OD260測定DNA的濃度。
1.2.2miRNA-196a2 PCR擴(kuò)增 miRNA-196a2引物由上海賽百盛基因技術(shù)有限公司合成。 擴(kuò)增模板由本實(shí)驗(yàn)室保存,為人正?;蚪MDNA。其引物為:上游5'-ACCCAGCAACCCAAAGTCTAC-3',下游5'-GGTTGAGAGGACGGCATAAAG-3'。miRNA-196a2 rs11614913的擴(kuò)增片段長度為149 bp,Taq酶套裝購自TaKaRa公司,反應(yīng)體系體積為25 μL,含10×PCR緩沖液2.5 μL,dNTP2 μL,上游引物及下游引物各0.3 μL,全血DNA 0.4 μL,Taq酶0.4 μL,滅菌雙蒸水19.1 μL。PCR反應(yīng)循環(huán)條件為:95℃預(yù)變性5 min, 95℃ 30 s,54℃ 30 s,72℃ 40 s,共35個(gè)循環(huán),最后72℃ 10 min,保持4℃。PCR產(chǎn)物用2%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳鑒定,-20℃冰箱保存。
1.2.3 HRM技術(shù)對miRNA-196a2 rs11614913 T-C位點(diǎn)基因多態(tài)性分型 步驟如下:9 μL PCR產(chǎn)物與1 μL LC Green于暗室中依次加入96孔PCR反應(yīng)板并混勻,Mineral oil 1滴封液面; PCR反應(yīng)條件為95℃ 30 s,25℃ 30 s,共1個(gè)循環(huán),保持4℃;將96孔板4 000 rpm,30 s離心,放入Lightscanner儀器中,利用軟件分析溶解曲線,得出基因型,并與酶切結(jié)果相互佐證。miRNA-196a2 rs11614913單核苷酸多態(tài)性各基因型如圖1,紅色曲線代表基因型TT,綠色和藍(lán)色曲線分別代表基因型CT和CC。
1.2.4miRNA-196a2 rs11614913 T-C限制性內(nèi)切酶酶切取miRNA-196a2PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物2 μL ,用Msp1限制性內(nèi)切酶1 μL ,配套10×緩沖液2 μL,加ddH2O至20 μL,37℃消化5 min。3%瓊脂糖凝膠在0.5×TBE緩沖液中80 V電泳40 min,溴化乙錠染色紫外凝膠成像分析系統(tǒng)觀察酶切條帶判斷基因型。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理應(yīng)用Graphpad Prism 5 Project對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析。采用擬合優(yōu)度的卡方檢驗(yàn)(自由度為1)進(jìn)行Hardy-Weinberg平衡檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為非Hardy-Weinberg平衡;對miRNA-196a2 rs11614913基因型及各等位基因在兩組分布頻率應(yīng)用χ2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)算比值比(odds ratio,OR)及95%可信區(qū)間(confidence interval,CI)以分析miRNA-196a2 rs11614913突變基因型及突變基因與肺癌發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)關(guān)系,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1HRM儀統(tǒng)計(jì)分析基因型高分辨率溶解曲線分析儀統(tǒng)計(jì)如下:miRNA-196a2 rs11614913在肺癌組CC 8例,CT 17例,TT 7例,良性組CC 12例,CT 3例,TT 2例,對照組CC 48例,CT 26例,TT 10例,與酶切組數(shù)據(jù)大致相同。對miRNA-196a2 rs11614913基因在各組中基因型頻率進(jìn)行Hardy-Weinberg遺傳平衡檢驗(yàn),肺癌組、良性組及對照組P值均大于0.05(分別是0.937, 0.165,0.127),均達(dá)到Hardy-Weinberg遺傳平衡。
2.2miRNA-196a2 rs11614913各基因型分布頻率與肺癌發(fā)病的關(guān)系統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果顯示,與對照組相比,肺癌組各基因型分布頻率具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P=0.0029),而良性組各基因型分布頻率沒有顯著性差異(P=0.5215),見表1。
表1 miRNA-196a2 rs11614913各基因型的分布頻率/n(%)
2.3miRNA-196a2 rs11614913等位基因分布頻率與肺癌發(fā)病的關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)分析顯示,肺癌組各等位基因分布頻率與對照組相比具有顯著性差異,P=0.0016<0.05;而良性組各等位基因分布頻率與對照組相比差異不明顯,P=0.6312>0.05。等位基因C突變可使肺癌發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加2.592倍,見表2。肺癌組攜帶C等位基因突變的基因型CC+CT與野生型TT相比有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P=0.0007<0.05),攜帶CC和CT基因型的人群肺癌發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加4.762倍,95%CI為1.854~12.23,見表3。
表2 miRNA-196a2 rs11614913各等位基因分布頻率/n(%)
表3 miRNA-196a2 rs11614913突變型和野生型比較/n(%)
3討論
目前,多態(tài)性的研究的主要方法是聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)-限制性片段長度多態(tài)性(PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)技術(shù),本研究利用高分辨率熔解曲線(high resolution melting,HRM)分析我國人群中miRNA-196a2 rs11614913多態(tài)性位點(diǎn),并用PCR-RELP技術(shù)加以佐證。HRM是近年來新興的一種檢測基因突變和SNP以及進(jìn)行基因分型的工具。HRM技術(shù)的主要原理如下:雙鏈DNA熒光染料與PCR產(chǎn)物結(jié)合后, 升溫過程中SNP位點(diǎn)因不匹配會使雙鏈DNA解開, 熒光染料從局部解鏈的DNA分子上釋放,實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測熒光強(qiáng)度與時(shí)間曲線的關(guān)系就可以區(qū)分不同SNP位點(diǎn)和不同基因型[15];其操作簡便、特異性高、速度快。miRNAs能夠通過與靶mRNAs特異性的堿基互補(bǔ)配對,引起靶mRNAs的降解或者抑制其翻譯,在基因調(diào)控中扮演重要的角色[16]。miRNA初級轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物(pri-miRNA)、pre-miRNA或者成熟miRNAs基因序列上的單核苷酸多態(tài)性能夠通過改變miRNA的表達(dá)或成熟進(jìn)而改變其特性,影響miRNAs調(diào)節(jié)的細(xì)胞功能網(wǎng)絡(luò)。研究報(bào)道,miRNA-196a2基因的多態(tài)性與心血管疾病的發(fā)生有關(guān)[17-18],與腫瘤的發(fā)生有關(guān)。Hoffman 等[19]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),轉(zhuǎn)染pre-miRNA-196a-C的乳腺癌細(xì)胞表達(dá)成熟miRNA-196a的水平提高9.3倍,而轉(zhuǎn)染pre-miRNA-196a-T只能提高4.4倍。Zhan等[20]通過分析結(jié)直腸癌組織中rs11614913 C等位基因的頻率,發(fā)現(xiàn)其與結(jié)直腸癌發(fā)生的相關(guān)性。最近研究表明,Wang等[21]檢測血液中miRNA-196a2 基因多態(tài)性發(fā)現(xiàn)其可增加食管鱗狀細(xì)胞癌發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并可作為一種基因腫瘤標(biāo)記物。這提示,rs11614913的多態(tài)性可影響pre-miRNA的成熟過程。
本研究利用高分辨率熔解曲線(high resolution melting,HRM)分析血液中miRNA-196a2 rs11614913多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)與肺癌易感性的相關(guān)性。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)肺癌患者miRNA-196a2 rs11614913各基因型及等位基因分布頻率與對照組相比差異具有顯著性(P<0.05),該結(jié)果表明miRNA-196a2 rs11614913的多態(tài)性與肺癌易感性有關(guān);通過統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),miRNA-196a2 rs11614913 C等位基因是肺癌人群的優(yōu)勢基因型(TT/CT+CC:OR=4.762;95%CI為1.854~12.23),而肺部良性腫瘤患者該位點(diǎn)的等位基因并非如此(OR=0.5556;95%CI為0.1796~1.719),該結(jié)果表明,攜帶C等位基因突變的CT和CC基因型可使得肺癌發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加4.762倍;而肺部良性腫瘤的發(fā)生與T/C突變無關(guān)。
采用HRM分析SNP是近年來新興的檢測手段,其特異性高、耗時(shí)短,適用于大樣本統(tǒng)計(jì)研究。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示miRNA-196a2 rs11614913基因多態(tài)性T-C可增加肺癌易感性,并且提示該多態(tài)性可作為一種肺癌的遺傳標(biāo)記物。鑒于本研究樣本來源局限,本結(jié)果僅代表煙臺地區(qū)部分肺癌發(fā)生情況。今后的研究需增加樣本量及樣本來源,以更加明確miRNA-196a2基因多態(tài)性與腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展的相關(guān)性。
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High resolution melting analysis of the correlation of the miRNA-196a2 gene polymorphism and lung cancer
SHANG Wenjing1PANG Min1LIU Yue2
1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Binzhou Medical University,Yantai 264003, P.R.China;2 Department of Anesthesia,Binzhou Medical University Hospital
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the microRNA-1962 gene polymorphism on risk of lung cancer.MethodsThirty-two patients with lung cancer,27 patients with benign neoplasm in lung and 84 healthy controls.All subjects were genotyped for the microRNA-196a2 SNP by high resolution melting analysis,and the results were supported by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.ResultsThe microRNA 1962a genotype distribution among three group was in Hardy-weinberg equilibrium.The frequency of the C allele in group of lung cancer was higher than that of the control group (P=0.0016).The odds ratio 2.592 (95% CI 1.424~4.716) suggested an association of the C allele with increased risk of lung cancer.ConclusionsThe microRNA-196a2 T/C polymorphism (rs1614913) is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.The miRNA-196a2 functional polymorphism rs11614913 might be an effective genetic marker for lung cancer.
【Keywords】Lung cancer,miRNA-196a2,SNP,HRM
(收稿日期:2015-12 -31 )
【中圖分類號】R34
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼】A
【文章編號】1001-9510(2016)02-0085-04
基金項(xiàng)目:山東省高??萍加?jì)劃項(xiàng)目(J13LE11)
商文靜,E-mail:shang0543@163.com