国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

語法填空中的動詞考查

2016-05-30 20:42劉習(xí)文
高中生學(xué)習(xí)·高三版 2016年10期
關(guān)鍵詞:動賓分詞時態(tài)

劉習(xí)文

有提示詞語法填空要求使用括號內(nèi)詞語的正確形式填空,主要考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換或詞形變化等。本文結(jié)合高考題談?wù)務(wù)Z法填空題中的動詞考查應(yīng)對技巧。

謂語動詞

若句中沒有謂語動詞,或雖有謂語動詞,但需填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系時,所給動詞就是謂語動詞。填謂語動詞要考慮時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致這四個方面。

針對時態(tài)的考查:

1. 上下文時態(tài)要一致。看上下文謂語動詞是什么時態(tài),空白處要填的動詞時態(tài)一般應(yīng)與上下文的時態(tài)一致。這是高考語法填空中確定時態(tài)的最重要的依據(jù)。但需注意:客觀事實或真理可能時態(tài)不一致;直接引語的時態(tài)可能會與引號外的句子時態(tài)不一致。

2. 并列謂語動詞的時態(tài)要一致。如:

While making great efforts to run away, she fell (fall) over the hill and died.

3. 注意時間狀語等信息詞。如recently, so far, up to now, up to the present, in the past few years常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用;如by the end of, since 1980, for three years常與完成時連用。

4. 考慮固定句式。體會以下句式中的時態(tài):

This is the second time that I have spoken to a foreigner./It was the second time that I had spoken to a foreigner.

Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move./I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rang.

I was doing my homework when she suddenly walked in./I was on the point of going out when the phone rang.

針對語態(tài)的考查:

主語是謂語動詞的執(zhí)行者時,謂語動詞與主語在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系,用主動語態(tài);主語是謂語動詞的承受者時,謂語動詞與主語在邏輯上是動賓關(guān)系,用被動語態(tài)。如:

... but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We were told (tell) that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week ...

針對語氣的考查:

是否用虛擬語氣,主要由一些特殊的詞或句式來決定。如:

Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, wearing sunglasses. He walked in as if he had bought (buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.

因buy在人稱代詞he后作謂語,又由語境可知,他不是真的買下了這個學(xué)校, 只是他走進來時的那種氣勢好像他買下了這所學(xué)校一樣,故應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,與過去的事實相反,故填had bought。

針對主謂一致的考查:

Being too anxious to help an event develop often results (result) in the contrary to our intention.

例1 (2016·全國卷Ⅰ) I______(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.

解析 was allowed。本句是單句,后面沒有別的謂語動詞,需填的動詞應(yīng)為謂語動詞。因主語與allow是動賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài);從全文的時態(tài)看,這里要用一般過去時,故填was allowed。

例2 (2015·全國卷Ⅰ) It was raining lightly when I______(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care.

解析 arrived。由主句謂語動詞was raining和第二句的謂語動詞didnt care可知,arrive應(yīng)用一般過去時,故填arrived。

例3 (2015·全國卷Ⅰ) Yangshuo______(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.

解析 is。指目前的狀態(tài)或客觀存在的狀態(tài),用一般現(xiàn)在時,下一句的謂語動詞names是一般現(xiàn)在時,也有提示作用;主語Yangshuo是第三人稱單數(shù),故填is。

非謂語動詞

若句中已有謂語動詞,但又不是并列謂語時,所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要確定是用現(xiàn)在分詞形式,過去分詞形式,還是不定式形式。

作主語或賓語時,通常用現(xiàn)在分詞形式表示進行或一般情況,用不定式表示具體或?qū)淼那闆r。如:

... but it is not enough only memorize (memorize) rules from a grammar book.

目的狀語或者在形容詞后作狀語,一般用不定式。如:

To complete (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.

作伴隨狀語,常用分詞。與邏輯主語是主謂關(guān)系時,用現(xiàn)在分詞;是動賓關(guān)系時,用過去分詞。如:

He saw the stone, saying (say) to himself,“The night will be very dark.”

不論非謂語動詞在句中作何種成分,若判斷需要用分詞,與邏輯主語是主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞形式,是動賓關(guān)系用過去分詞形式。如:

There will be a meeting, starting (start) later this year to review the film.

例4 (2016·全國卷Ⅰ) I was the first Western TV reporter ______(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.

解析 permitted。因句中有系動詞was,所以permit應(yīng)為非謂語動詞;又因permit與reporter是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞permitted做后置定語。

例5 (2016·全國卷Ⅰ) My ambassadorial duties will include______(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu ...

解析 introducing。謂語動詞是will include,設(shè)空處作include 的賓語,應(yīng)用動名詞,故填introducing。

例6 (2015·全國卷Ⅰ) Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ______(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

解析 living。因在says后的賓語從句中已有謂語arranges,所以live應(yīng)為非謂語動詞;又因people與live是主動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。

動詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換要求同學(xué)們根據(jù)上下文的意思和語法規(guī)則寫出所給提示詞的派生詞,包括常用的派生前綴和后綴,還要根據(jù)句子成分,分析空白處該用什么詞性的詞。近幾年全國卷詞類轉(zhuǎn)換考查比較多的是形容詞變副詞、形容詞變名詞、名詞變形容詞、動詞變名詞等。同學(xué)們要牢記動詞與名詞、形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)律。

例7 (2016·全國卷Ⅰ) But for tourists like me, pandas are its top______(attract).

解析 attraction。根據(jù)語境,設(shè)空前有形容詞物主代詞its及形容詞top修飾,空白處應(yīng)該是名詞,所給詞attract是動詞,所以用其名詞形式,故填attraction。

例8 (2016·全國卷Ⅰ) Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of ______ (achieve).

解析 a chievement。句意為“然后,首先處理最重要的任務(wù),你會感覺到一種真正的成就感”。介詞of后面應(yīng)用名詞作賓語, a sense of achievement意為“成就感”,故填achievement。

例9 (2016·全國卷Ⅰ) ... influenced the ______(develop) of chopsticks.

解析 development。根據(jù)空格前的定冠詞the和后面的介詞of可知,空白處應(yīng)是名詞,故填development。

猜你喜歡
動賓分詞時態(tài)
超高清的完成時態(tài)即將到來 探討8K超高清系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建難點
分詞在英語教學(xué)中的妙用
過去完成時態(tài)的判定依據(jù)
結(jié)巴分詞在詞云中的應(yīng)用
結(jié)巴分詞在詞云中的應(yīng)用
試論對外漢語教學(xué)中動賓式離合詞的教學(xué)
“救火”帶標(biāo)記動賓對象式結(jié)構(gòu)語用認(rèn)知分析
動賓結(jié)構(gòu)中動詞虛化的認(rèn)知闡釋
現(xiàn)在進行時
現(xiàn)代漢語“動賓式動詞+賓語”的搭配規(guī)律研究*