張可璇
英語和漢語都有一些對等結構的短語,由于兩種語言文化的表達習慣不同,這些短語已經(jīng)形成各自固定的結構,因此當我們在進行兩種語言互譯時,需要適當調(diào)整詞序,避免詞對詞機械性的翻譯?,F(xiàn)將中學英語翻譯中出現(xiàn)的詞序移位總結如下:
1. 方位
東西南北:north, south, east and west
東南:southeast
東北:northeast
西南:southwest
西北:northwest
華北:North China
華東:East China
例句:The Ming Tombs are located about 50 km to the northwest of Beijing. 十三陵位于北京西北50公里處。
2. 前后
左顧右盼:look right and left
前后:back and forth
例句:He looked right and left, waiting for Marry. 他左顧右盼,等待瑪麗的到來。
She passed the needle through the rough cloth, back and forth. 她一針一針地縫那塊粗布。
3. 晴雨
不論晴雨:rain or shine
例句:Rain or shine, well have to go tomorrow. 不論晴雨,我們明天必須出發(fā)。
4. 衣食:food and clothing
例如:衣食住行food, clothing, shelter and transportation
5. 水陸:land and water
例句:The convenient land and water transport is conducive to the development of export-oriented economy. 水陸交通便利,有利于外向型經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。
6. 遲早:sooner or later
例如:Sooner or later, well succeed. 我們遲早會成功的。
7. 三三兩兩:twos and threes
例如:To practice English conversation, the teacher had the students sit in twos and threes. 為了練習英語會話,老師讓學生三三兩兩坐在一起。
8. 血肉:flesh and blood
例如:Im only flesh and blood, like anyone else. 我只是個凡人,和其他人一樣。
The Party and the masses of the people are always as close as flesh and blood. 黨和人民群眾永遠血肉相連。
9. 其他
類似表達的詞語還有:
水火:fire and water
貧富:rich and poor
新舊:old and new
長短:short and long
細長:long and thin
男嬰:baby boy
女嬰:baby girl
雌雄:male and female
冷熱:hot and cool
涼爽:nice and cool
軟硬:hard and soft
輕重:heavy and light
鋼鐵:iron and steel
手臂:arms and hands
河流湖泊:lakes and rivers
山水:waters and mountains
中小型:small and medium sizes
中青年人:young and middle-aged people
文藝:art and literature
文武:military and civilian
物理化學:chemistry and physics
工農(nóng)業(yè):agriculture and industry
田徑(運動):track and field (events)
水土流失:soil erosion and water loss
新郎新娘:the bride and the bridegroom
手疾眼快:quick of eye and deft of hand
喜怒哀樂:anger, grief, joy and happiness
水乳交融:as well blended as milk and water
責任編輯 蔣小青