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阻性管道消聲性能預測的邊界元數(shù)值配點混合方法

2016-08-12 09:29:26楊亮季振林
振動工程學報 2016年3期
關(guān)鍵詞:消聲

楊亮 季振林

摘要: 將邊界元方法與配點法結(jié)合形成一種混合方法用于大尺度阻性管道的聲學性能預測,根據(jù)截面形式,整個結(jié)構(gòu)被劃分為若干子結(jié)構(gòu),邊界元方法與配點法分別被用于計算非規(guī)則結(jié)構(gòu)和規(guī)則結(jié)構(gòu)的阻抗矩陣,最后將各阻抗矩陣連接起來用于傳遞損失的計算。由于管道進出口為非平面波傳播,考慮對進出口配點進行模態(tài)展開,將阻抗矩陣轉(zhuǎn)化為散射矩陣,使用進出口的聲功率計算傳遞損失。通過與數(shù)值方法和實驗值比較驗證了方法的正確性,進而應用該方法對管道消聲性能進行分析。關(guān)鍵詞: 消聲;傳遞損失;阻性管道;邊界元方法;配點法

中圖分類號:TB535; TB115.1文獻標志碼: A文章編號: 1004-4523(2016)03-0498-06

DOI:10.16385/j.cnki.issn.10044523.2016.03.016

引言

解析方法[1]和傳統(tǒng)數(shù)值方法(有限元方法[2]和邊界元方法[35])已經(jīng)被普遍應用于消聲管道的聲學性能計算,解析方法計算速度快、精度高,但只適用于簡單結(jié)構(gòu)的傳遞損失計算。傳統(tǒng)數(shù)值方法理論上可應用于任意復雜結(jié)構(gòu),但對大尺度聲學問題會花費較多的計算時間和內(nèi)存。因此,對于大尺度復雜消聲管道(如燃氣輪機進排氣管道及大型暖通空調(diào)管道等)的計算方法需要進一步研究,目前,國內(nèi)外學者主要從兩個方面對此類問題進行了探索和研究:首先是對計算方法本身進行了優(yōu)化,針對管道聲學,Ji等[4]和Lou等[5]使用一種阻抗矩陣方法用于具有較長管道的消聲系統(tǒng)的計算,近年來,快速算法[6]的出現(xiàn)也在一定程度上彌補了傳統(tǒng)數(shù)值方法的局限性。另一方面,針對具體問題可以考慮結(jié)合數(shù)值方法的任意適用性和解析方法的快速準確性形成混合方法,進而實現(xiàn)大尺度問題的計算。Kirby[710]使用數(shù)值配點方法對消聲管道進行了大量的研究,使用二維有限元方法提取管道截面的特征值和相應的特征向量,進而在一定的邊界條件下應用配點法得到模態(tài)幅值系數(shù)。接著,Kirby[11]對配點法進行了改進,使用數(shù)值模態(tài)匹配方法對阻性消聲器進行了研究,F(xiàn)ang和Ji[1213]使用該方法對抗性消聲器和考慮運流效應的阻性消聲器進行了分析。數(shù)值配點法適用性更強,適用于具有較為復雜結(jié)構(gòu)管道[8]的聲學性能計算。以上介紹的混合方法都是針對沿結(jié)構(gòu)軸向方向具有一致截面的消聲器或者消聲管道,在實際應用中,變截面管道是較為常見的,此時如何應用混合方法實現(xiàn)大尺度問題的快速計算值得進一步研究。

本文針對變截面管道使用邊界元配點混合方法進行計算,將消聲器或消聲管道劃分為若干子結(jié)構(gòu),分別使用數(shù)值配點方法和邊界元方法計算規(guī)則結(jié)構(gòu)和非規(guī)則結(jié)構(gòu)的阻抗矩陣,最后將各阻抗矩陣連接起來用于傳遞損失的計算,對于進出口尺寸較大的結(jié)構(gòu),應用混合方法無法直接得到進出口的模態(tài)幅值系數(shù),考慮在進出口將配點聲壓和振速進行模態(tài)展開,得到散射矩陣,進而計算得到模態(tài)幅值系數(shù)用于非平面波情況下傳遞損失的計算。通過與實驗值及傳統(tǒng)配點方法的比較驗證提出方法的正確性,進而應用本方法對一個變截面阻性管道的消聲性能進行了分析。

4結(jié)論

基于阻抗矩陣方法發(fā)展了一種混合計算技術(shù),對管道中的非規(guī)則子結(jié)構(gòu)使用邊界元方法計算阻抗矩陣,而配點法被應用計算沿軸向截面一致的子結(jié)構(gòu)的阻抗矩陣,最后得到整體結(jié)構(gòu)的阻抗矩陣??紤]管道進出口尺寸較大不能應用平面波理論計算傳遞損失,對進出口配點進行模態(tài)展開進而得到散射矩陣用于模態(tài)幅值系數(shù)的計算,最后通過進出口的聲功率計算傳遞損失,通過算例驗證了方法的正確性。增大穿孔率以及吸聲材料的流阻率會改善阻性管道的消聲性能。

參考文獻:

[1]Selamet A, Ji Z L. Acoustic attenuation performance of circular expansion chambers with offset inlet/outlet: I. Analytical approach[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1998, 213(4): 601-617.

[2]Mehdizadeh O Z, Paraschivoiu M. A threedimensional finite element approach for predicting the transmission loss in mufflers and silencers with no mean flow[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2005, 66(8): 902-918.

[3]季振林. 穿孔管阻性消聲器消聲性能計算及分析[J]. 振動工程學報, 2006, 18(4): 453-457.

Ji Zhenlin. Acoustic attenuation performance calculation and analysis of perforated tube dissipative silencer[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2006, 18(4): 453-457.

[4]Ji Z L, Ma Q, Zhang Z H. Application of the boundary element method to predicting acoustic performance of expansion chamber mufflers with mean flow[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1994, 173(1): 57-71.

[5]Lou G, Wu T W, Cheng C Y R. Boundary element analysis of packed silencers with a substructuring technique[J]. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 2003, 27(7): 643-653.

[6]Wu H, Liu Y, Jiang W. A lowfrequency fast multipole boundary element method based on analytical integration of the hypersingular integral for 3D acoustic problems[J].Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 2013, 37(2): 309-318.

[7]Kirby R, Lawrie J B. A point collocation approach to modelling large dissipative silencers[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2005, 286(1): 313-339.

[8]Kirby R. The influence of baffle fairings on the acoustic performance of rectangular splitter silencers[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2005, 118(4): 2302-2312.

[9]Kirby R, Williams P T, Hill J. A three dimensional investigation into the acoustic performance of dissipative splitter silencers[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2014, 135(5): 2727-2737.

[10]Kirby R, Amott K, Williams P T, et al. On the acoustic performance of rectangular splitter silencers in the presence of mean flow[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2014, 333(24): 6295-6311.

[11]Kirby R. A comparison between analytic and numerical methods for modelling automotive dissipative silencers with mean flow[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2009, 325(3): 565-582.

[12]Fang Z, Ji Z L. Acoustic attenuation analysis of expansion chambers with extended inlet/outlet[J]. Noise Control Engineering Journal, 2013, 61(2): 240-249.

[13]Fang Z, Ji Z L. Numerical mode matching approach for acoustic attenuation predictions of doublechamber perforated tube dissipative silencers with mean flow[J]. Journal of Computational Acoustics, 2014, 22(02): 1-15.

[14]Ji Z L. Boundary element acoustic analysis of hybrid expansion chamber silencers with perforated facing[J]. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 2010, 34(7): 690-696.

[15]Wang P, Wu T W. Impedancetoscattering matrix method for silencer analysis[C]. NoiseCon 2014. Fort Lauderdale,453-460.

Acoustic attenuation prediction of dissipative ducts by combining boundary

element method and numerical point collocation approach

YANG Liang, JI Zhenlin

(School of Power and Energy Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China)

Abstract: A technique combining boundary element method (BEM) and point collocation approach (PCA) is proposed to evaluate the acoustic attenuation performance of dissipative ducts. The duct is divided into several substructures according to its different crosssection shapes. The BEM and PCA are employed to calculate the impedance matrices of the substructures with regular shape crosssections and irregular shape crosssections, respectively, and then the impedance matrices for the whole structures are assembled toghether. Due to the nonplane wave propagation, the scattering matrix is obtained from impedance matrix by expanding the modes of the collocation points at inlet and outlet planes and then sound power is adopted to calculate the transmission loss (TL). The combined technique is verified by numerical method and experiment results. The influence of structural variables on the transmission loss is analyzed, which shows that increasing the flow resistivity of the soundabsorbing material and increasing the perforation ratio of perforated plate may improve the attenuation performance of dissipative ducts.Key words: acoustic attenuation; transmission loss; dissipative ducts; boundary element method; point collocation approach作者簡介:楊亮(1989—),男,博士研究生。Email:liang_yang@ymail.com

通訊作者:季振林(1965—),男,教授,博士生導師。電話:(0451)82588822;Email:zhenlinji@yahoo.com第5期,等:振 動 工 程 學 報第28卷5結(jié)論

參考文獻:

[1]Gong Shunfeng, Lu Yong, Jin Weiliang. Simulation of airblast load and its effect on RC structures[J]. Transactions of Tianjin University, 2006,12(Suppl.):165—170.

[6]Malvar L J, Crawford J E, Wesevich J W, et al. A plasticity concrete material model for DYNA3D[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1997,199(910):847—873.

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