張榮虎,劉 春,楊海軍,張惠良,王俊鵬,曾慶魯
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庫(kù)車坳陷白堊系超深層儲(chǔ)集層特征與勘探潛力
張榮虎1,劉春1,楊海軍2,張惠良1,王俊鵬1,曾慶魯1
(1.中國(guó)石油杭州地質(zhì)研究院,杭州310023;2.中國(guó)石油塔里木油田分公司,新疆庫(kù)爾勒841000)
塔里木盆地庫(kù)車坳陷白堊系儲(chǔ)集層為一套超深、超高壓、高溫、孔隙型低孔砂巖地層,為查明其儲(chǔ)集層特征、成因機(jī)制及勘探潛力,依據(jù)激光共聚焦掃描、工業(yè)CT、高壓壓汞、掃描電鏡、碳氧同位素、全直徑巖心物性分析、電子探針能譜和成像測(cè)井等資料,運(yùn)用構(gòu)造演化恢復(fù)及系統(tǒng)表征的方法,對(duì)白堊系砂巖儲(chǔ)集層進(jìn)行了綜合研究。研究表明,克拉蘇深層區(qū)帶白堊系巴什基奇克組辮狀河(扇)三角洲前緣砂體疊置連片分布,厚度150~250 m;超深層殘余原生孔隙及溶蝕孔隙較發(fā)育,網(wǎng)狀、高角度未充填—半充填構(gòu)造裂縫發(fā)育,儲(chǔ)集層性質(zhì)總體為低孔中低滲;早中期淺埋藏、晚期構(gòu)造推覆膏鹽巖頂棚構(gòu)造、表生成巖期—早成巖期溶蝕作用與晚期構(gòu)造擠壓相互耦合、疊加改造是儲(chǔ)集層的主要成因機(jī)制;有效儲(chǔ)集層厚80~200 m,相對(duì)優(yōu)質(zhì)儲(chǔ)集層厚30~90 m,主要分布在水下分流河道、構(gòu)造背斜東西軸部、距不整合面220 m以內(nèi)的“三者”疊合區(qū),成帶連片分布,埋深8 000 m仍然存在有效儲(chǔ)集層,具有巨大的天然氣資源潛力。
塔里木盆地;庫(kù)車坳陷;白堊系;巴什基奇克組;超深層;有效儲(chǔ)集層;勘探潛力
自2011年以來,隨著塔里木盆地庫(kù)車坳陷油氣勘探開發(fā)的不斷深入,白堊系巴什基奇克組的勘探從中淺層(3 000~5 000 m)進(jìn)入深層—超深層(>5 000 m),即從克拉蘇淺層區(qū)帶的吐北1井—吐北2井—克拉2井—克拉3井進(jìn)入博孜段—大北段—克深段深層帶(圖1),已完鉆的博孜1井、大北101井、大北202井、大北3井、大北301井、吐北4井、克深2井、克深201井、克深5井、克深8井等均獲工業(yè)氣流(圖1)。前人研究認(rèn)為,庫(kù)車坳陷白堊系中淺層儲(chǔ)集層成因有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn):①地形高差大且物源豐富,易形成粗粒的扇三角洲或辮狀河三角洲沉積體系[1];②長(zhǎng)期的淺埋藏和快速短期的深埋藏易保存部分原生孔隙[2];③晚期深埋過程中由構(gòu)造作用形成的裂縫系統(tǒng),極大地提高了儲(chǔ)集層的滲透性能,使深部低孔低滲儲(chǔ)集層能夠大面積富集成藏[3];④高壓流體對(duì)儲(chǔ)集層的孔隙有保護(hù)作用;⑤擠壓形成構(gòu)造托舉與低密度鹽層的加厚,使砂巖保持較高的原始孔隙度;⑥干旱氣候下沉積水體呈堿性,早期的碳酸鹽膠結(jié),成巖時(shí)易溶蝕形成次生孔隙;⑦豐富的油氣為形成大量次生孔隙提供酸性流體;⑧斷裂的發(fā)育為儲(chǔ)集層中裂縫的形成提供基礎(chǔ)[4-6];⑨構(gòu)造擠壓作用下特定構(gòu)造樣式對(duì)儲(chǔ)集層起保護(hù)作用[7-9]。
圖1 塔里木盆地庫(kù)車坳陷構(gòu)造區(qū)劃及油藏剖面
克拉蘇淺層區(qū)帶和克拉蘇深層區(qū)帶白堊系為深層—超深層(埋深5 000~8 300 m)、高壓高溫(流體壓力90~140MPa,壓力系數(shù)1.5~1.8;溫度120~200℃)、中-高產(chǎn)(6 mm油嘴,天然氣產(chǎn)量一般為20×104~50×104m3/d,12 mm油嘴,天然氣產(chǎn)量可達(dá)116×104m3/d)、基質(zhì)低孔特低滲(孔隙度1.5%~5.5%,滲透率0.01~0.10 mD)、裂縫-孔隙型低孔砂巖儲(chǔ)集層,與國(guó)內(nèi)外常規(guī)裂縫儲(chǔ)集層、深層儲(chǔ)集層、低滲致密儲(chǔ)集層的成巖作用類型及序列不同[10],其儲(chǔ)集層成因模式具有獨(dú)特性、多樣性[11-16],儲(chǔ)集層厚度巨大[17-20],空間展布具有可預(yù)測(cè)性[21-26]。在目前庫(kù)車坳陷超深層地震資料分辨率低(主頻20 Hz)、儲(chǔ)集層反演困難、常規(guī)測(cè)井儲(chǔ)集層評(píng)價(jià)精度低等條件下,為揭示6 000 m以下超深層儲(chǔ)集層特征、成因機(jī)理及勘探潛力,筆者以博孜段—大北段—克深段白堊系巴什基奇克組為例,依據(jù)巖心、錄井測(cè)試資料、成像測(cè)井、構(gòu)造—儲(chǔ)集層演化恢復(fù)、微觀實(shí)驗(yàn)分析,綜合研究超深層儲(chǔ)集層主要特征,提出有效儲(chǔ)集層、相對(duì)優(yōu)質(zhì)儲(chǔ)集層成因機(jī)制、空間分布及發(fā)育規(guī)模。
克深段白堊系巴什基奇克組沉積時(shí),自西向東受來自南天山的3個(gè)沉積物源(古博孜河、古卡普沙良河和古克拉蘇河)控制。巴什基奇克組一段和二段為遠(yuǎn)源辮狀河三角洲前緣沉積,砂巖結(jié)構(gòu)成熟度和成分成熟度相對(duì)較高,以水下分流河道砂體為主,占總厚度的70%以上,少量為河口砂壩砂體,垂向上主河道砂體疊置厚度大(一般超過4 m)、橫向分布穩(wěn)定,水下分流間灣泥巖單層厚度小且不連續(xù)(圖2)。巴什基奇克組三段為近源扇三角洲前緣沉積,砂巖結(jié)構(gòu)成熟度和成分成熟度相對(duì)較低,以水下分流河道砂體為主,垂向疊置,厚度較穩(wěn)定,分流間灣泥巖單層厚度小,連續(xù)性差。東西方向上,沉積相帶展布總體較為穩(wěn)定,砂巖累計(jì)厚度150~250 m,其中,克深段和博孜段—大北段粉砂巖、細(xì)砂巖和中砂巖累計(jì)厚度分別為200~250 m和160~200 m.
(1)巖性特征對(duì)克拉蘇深層區(qū)帶500塊薄片鑒定、全巖X射線衍射分析表明,克深段巴什基奇克組一段儲(chǔ)集層巖石類型以巖屑長(zhǎng)石砂巖為主,含少量長(zhǎng)石巖屑砂巖,石英含量一般為45%~60%,長(zhǎng)石含量一般為20%~35%,以鉀長(zhǎng)石為主,巖屑含量一般為15%~30%,主要為巖漿巖巖屑,其次為變質(zhì)巖巖屑。與克深段相比,大北段同樣以巖屑長(zhǎng)石砂巖為主,其次為長(zhǎng)石巖屑砂巖,儲(chǔ)集層具有石英含量略高,長(zhǎng)石含量偏低的特點(diǎn),石英含量為45%~65%,長(zhǎng)石含量為20%~28%,巖屑含量為14%~28%.
圖2 庫(kù)車坳陷大北段白堊系巴什基奇克組二段沉積亞相及巖相平面展布
(2)孔隙和裂縫發(fā)育特征對(duì)20余口深層鉆井巖心、普通鑄體薄片、激光共聚焦掃描顯微薄片、掃描電鏡、工業(yè)CT、成像測(cè)井、錄井、測(cè)試資料等分析表明,巴什基奇克組儲(chǔ)集層儲(chǔ)集空間類型為粒間孔(圖3a,圖3b)、粒內(nèi)溶孔(圖3c,圖3d)、微孔隙(圖3e,圖3f)和構(gòu)造裂縫(圖4),其中以粒間孔為主,包括粒間溶蝕擴(kuò)大孔和殘余原生孔隙,孔隙直徑一般為5~80 μm,常呈不規(guī)則扁狀、長(zhǎng)條狀、超大孔隙狀。以克深段為例,粒間孔占儲(chǔ)集空間總量的60%~83%,其次為粒內(nèi)溶孔和構(gòu)造裂縫,占儲(chǔ)集空間總量的5%~20%.未充填—半充填網(wǎng)狀、垂向構(gòu)造裂縫廣泛發(fā)育,成像測(cè)井解釋構(gòu)造裂縫密度一般3~10條/m,開啟度為4~200 μm,其中充填物主要為方解石、白云石和硬石膏,是克拉蘇深層區(qū)帶天然氣重要的儲(chǔ)集空間和滲流通道,在巴什基奇克組各段均有分布,在一段和二段的逆沖背斜構(gòu)造翼部和斷裂帶附近尤為發(fā)育。
(3)儲(chǔ)集層物性克拉蘇深層區(qū)帶巴什基奇克組儲(chǔ)集層基質(zhì)孔隙度一般為1.5%~5.5%,平均4.0%,基質(zhì)滲透率一般0.010~0.100 mD,平均0.128 mD.其中,克深段實(shí)測(cè)孔隙度為2.0%~7.0%,平均為3.4%,滲透率為0.050~0.500 mD,平均為0.055 mD,裂縫滲透率為1.000~10.000 mD.大北段實(shí)測(cè)物性略高于克深段,基質(zhì)孔隙度為1.5%~7.5%,平均為4.3%,基質(zhì)滲透率為0.010~1.000 mD,裂縫滲透率為0.100~10.000 mD.根據(jù)生產(chǎn)測(cè)試解釋結(jié)果分析,大北段—克深段測(cè)試儲(chǔ)集層總體滲透率(基質(zhì)+裂縫)普遍大于1 mD.總體而言,深層巴什基奇克組儲(chǔ)集層為低孔中低滲儲(chǔ)集層。
圖3 庫(kù)車坳陷白堊系巴什基奇克組超深層儲(chǔ)集層儲(chǔ)集空間特征
(4)孔喉結(jié)構(gòu)據(jù)博孜段、大北段、克深段超深層孔隙-喉道CT掃描、激光共聚焦掃描、高壓壓汞資料分析,儲(chǔ)集層基質(zhì)孔隙半徑主要為5~160 μm,孔隙分布不均勻,連通性較差;孔喉排驅(qū)壓力一般為1.10~10.00 MPa,平均6.14 MPa,孔喉分選差、非均質(zhì)性強(qiáng),主要連通孔喉半徑為0.04~0.25 μm,其中克深段儲(chǔ)集層孔喉半徑主值0.01~0.10 μm,大北段儲(chǔ)集層孔喉半徑主值0.01~0.50 μm,壓汞分析進(jìn)汞飽和度較高,退汞效率差,總體屬小孔細(xì)喉的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)特征。
圖4 庫(kù)車坳陷白堊系巴什基奇克組超深層儲(chǔ)集層構(gòu)造裂縫特征
(1)長(zhǎng)期淺埋、短期深埋,巨厚膏鹽巖頂棚構(gòu)造保護(hù)對(duì)克拉蘇深層區(qū)帶巴什基奇克組構(gòu)造演化、物理模擬、埋藏史及孔隙演化研究表明,儲(chǔ)集層在130×106~5×106a,長(zhǎng)期埋深小于3 000 m,保留孔隙度為15%~20%,處于常溫常壓環(huán)境,均為中高孔中高滲儲(chǔ)集層。5×106a至現(xiàn)今,儲(chǔ)集層埋深由3 000 m迅速增至6 000 m以上,強(qiáng)烈構(gòu)造擠壓形成上覆巨厚膏鹽巖頂棚構(gòu)造,目的層儲(chǔ)集層總體處于縱向較弱壓實(shí)區(qū),基質(zhì)孔隙得到部分保存[28],同時(shí)側(cè)向擠壓使儲(chǔ)集層基質(zhì)快速致密化、裂縫化,形成深層—超深層、超高溫度(120~200℃)、超高壓力(流體壓力90~140MPa,壓力系數(shù)1.50~1.85)、裂縫-孔隙型、孔隙度主要為2%~8%的有效儲(chǔ)集層(圖5)。
(2)3期溶蝕-構(gòu)造破裂作用疊加改造對(duì)超深層巴什基奇克組儲(chǔ)集層鑄體薄片、掃描電鏡、激光共聚焦掃描、電子探針、包裹體、X射線衍射黏土礦物綜合研究表明,在130×106~90×106a(早白堊世—晚白堊世),儲(chǔ)集層處于同生成巖作用—早成巖作用A1期,主要受首次埋藏壓實(shí)作用、膠結(jié)作用(石英質(zhì)、長(zhǎng)石質(zhì)、碳酸鹽礦物、高嶺石、綠泥石)影響,減孔量約為10%;在90×106~65×106a(晚白堊世—古新世),燕山運(yùn)動(dòng)末期構(gòu)造抬升暴露,儲(chǔ)集層受表生溶蝕作用(碳酸鹽礦物、長(zhǎng)石及巖屑顆粒),增孔量為2%~4%,伴隨早期構(gòu)造破裂作用,以充填滲流砂為標(biāo)志。在65×106~23×106a(古新世—中新世),儲(chǔ)集層處于早成巖作用A2期,再次埋藏壓實(shí)、膠結(jié)作用(碳酸鹽礦物和硫酸鹽礦物頂板式膠結(jié),硅質(zhì)、鈉長(zhǎng)石、伊利石及蒙皂石黏土礦物膠結(jié)),減孔量為6%~8%,儲(chǔ)集層總體孔隙度約為15%;受古近紀(jì)以來蒸發(fā)干旱鹽湖背景影響,地層水總體呈咸化狀態(tài),發(fā)生長(zhǎng)石和石英的堿性溶蝕作用,增孔量可達(dá)2%.在23×106~5×106a(中新世—上新世)儲(chǔ)集層進(jìn)入早成巖作用B亞期,喜馬拉雅運(yùn)動(dòng)早期—中期構(gòu)造擠壓破裂,伴隨油氣注入的CO2沿縫網(wǎng)發(fā)生少量溶蝕作用(碳酸鹽礦物和硫酸鹽礦物溶蝕增孔量小于0.5%)。5×106a至現(xiàn)今(上新世至今),儲(chǔ)集層進(jìn)入中成巖作用A亞期,庫(kù)車組、西域組快速沉積,埋深超過5 000 m,喜馬拉雅運(yùn)動(dòng)晚期強(qiáng)烈的構(gòu)造擠壓使儲(chǔ)集層減孔量為5%~8%,形成大量構(gòu)造裂縫,同時(shí)見晚期充填裂縫的碳酸鹽膠結(jié)物。
4.1有效儲(chǔ)集層主要受沉積巖相、構(gòu)造擠壓和溶蝕作用控制
克拉蘇深層區(qū)帶巴什基奇克組辮狀河(扇)三角洲前緣水下分流河道細(xì)砂巖、中砂巖一般硅質(zhì)顆粒含量高、分選磨圓好、泥質(zhì)含量低,其物性最好;水下分流河道含灰細(xì)砂巖、含灰礫狀砂巖一般巖屑含量高、分選磨圓差,其物性差;河口壩粉砂巖儲(chǔ)集層物性居中。對(duì)大北氣田近50 000個(gè)測(cè)井物性數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)表明:中—細(xì)砂巖儲(chǔ)集層孔隙度為8.8%~9.7%,滲透率為2.2~2.5 mD,粉砂巖儲(chǔ)集層孔隙度為7.4%,滲透率為2.1 mD.
大北段巴什基奇克組砂巖歷經(jīng)3次構(gòu)造擠壓活動(dòng)(燕山運(yùn)動(dòng)末期、喜馬拉雅運(yùn)動(dòng)早期—中期和喜馬拉雅運(yùn)動(dòng)晚期,其中,以喜馬拉雅運(yùn)動(dòng)晚期構(gòu)造擠壓最為強(qiáng)烈)(圖6),形成3期構(gòu)造裂縫。構(gòu)造擠壓強(qiáng)度南北呈條帶狀分布,東西呈區(qū)塊展布。深層區(qū)擠壓應(yīng)力一般為70~90 MPa,強(qiáng)烈的構(gòu)造擠壓一方面使儲(chǔ)集層壓實(shí)緊密,基質(zhì)孔隙度大大降低;另一方面,構(gòu)造擠壓使儲(chǔ)集層發(fā)生脆性破裂,發(fā)育大量構(gòu)造裂縫。大北段發(fā)育高角度網(wǎng)狀裂縫,傾角50°~70°,近西傾,平均裂縫密度6~12條/m;克深段發(fā)育高角度垂向裂縫(傾角70°~90°),近北傾,平均裂縫密度3~10條/m.構(gòu)造擠壓產(chǎn)生的裂縫大大改善了儲(chǔ)集層滲透率,使基質(zhì)滲透率提高了1~2個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí),改善后的儲(chǔ)集層滲透率為1~100 mD.
超深層儲(chǔ)集層成巖期主要?dú)v經(jīng)3次溶蝕作用(表生成巖期大氣淡水溶蝕作用、成巖早期—中期堿性水溶蝕作用和成巖晚期酸性水溶蝕作用),以表生期、成巖早期溶蝕作用為主,此時(shí)儲(chǔ)集層基質(zhì)孔隙度20%左右,滲流能力好,硅酸鹽類礦物(長(zhǎng)石、鈉長(zhǎng)石)和碳酸鹽類礦物(顆粒及膠結(jié)物)發(fā)生大量溶蝕。硅酸鹽類礦物和碳酸鹽類礦物鑄體薄片和掃描電鏡等資料表明:博孜段—大北段儲(chǔ)集層溶蝕面孔率一般為1%~2%,克深段儲(chǔ)集層溶蝕面孔率一般為2%~4%.
圖5 庫(kù)車前陸區(qū)巴什基奇克組構(gòu)造及儲(chǔ)集層孔隙演化
4.2超深層有效儲(chǔ)集層分布
克拉蘇深層區(qū)帶超深層巴什基奇克組有效儲(chǔ)集層發(fā)育(Ⅰ類—Ⅲ類為有效儲(chǔ)集層:孔隙度大于6.0%,滲透率大于0.035 mD,Ⅳ類是差儲(chǔ)集層,Ⅴ類是非儲(chǔ)集層)(圖7),相對(duì)優(yōu)質(zhì)儲(chǔ)集層(Ⅰ類和Ⅱ類儲(chǔ)集層:孔隙度大于10.0%,滲透率大于0.100 mD)主要分布在辮狀河三角洲前緣水下分流河道、構(gòu)造背斜東西向核部(裂縫發(fā)育帶)、距不整合面220 m以內(nèi)“三者”疊合帶,成帶連片分布,如大北2井—大北3井構(gòu)造帶、克深5井—克深1井—克深2井構(gòu)造帶及博孜1井構(gòu)造帶,有效儲(chǔ)集層厚度一般80~200 m,其中博孜段大于100 m,相對(duì)優(yōu)質(zhì)儲(chǔ)集層大于30 m;大北段有效儲(chǔ)集層為80~200 m,相對(duì)優(yōu)質(zhì)儲(chǔ)集層為40~90 m;克深段有效儲(chǔ)集層為120~165 m,相對(duì)優(yōu)質(zhì)儲(chǔ)集層為20~80 m.縱向上相對(duì)優(yōu)質(zhì)儲(chǔ)集層主要分布在巴什基奇克組一段中下部和二段中上部。通過對(duì)不同巖性儲(chǔ)集層孔隙度與埋深相關(guān)性統(tǒng)計(jì)、測(cè)試及錄井分析、孔隙微觀鑒定表明,辮狀河三角洲前緣主河道區(qū)細(xì)—中砂巖在7 000 m埋深時(shí)相對(duì)優(yōu)質(zhì)儲(chǔ)集層發(fā)育,有效儲(chǔ)集層埋深在8 000 m以下時(shí)仍然存在。
圖6 大北段白堊系巴什基奇克組超深層儲(chǔ)集層成巖事件序列
圖7 庫(kù)車坳陷中部白堊系巴什基奇克組超深層儲(chǔ)集層綜合評(píng)價(jià)及預(yù)測(cè)
(1)庫(kù)車坳陷克拉蘇深層區(qū)帶巴什基奇克組沉積主要受控于古博孜河、古卡普沙良河和古克拉蘇河3個(gè)南天山物源,辮狀河(扇)三角洲前緣砂體疊置連片分布,厚度一般150~250 m.
(2)克拉蘇深層區(qū)帶巴什基奇克組儲(chǔ)集層巖性以巖屑長(zhǎng)石砂巖為主,殘余原生孔隙和溶蝕孔相對(duì)發(fā)育,未充填—半充填高角度網(wǎng)狀和高角度垂直裂縫發(fā)育,總體為低孔中低滲儲(chǔ)集層。儲(chǔ)集層主要受控于沉積巖相、構(gòu)造擠壓和溶蝕作用,水下分流河道中細(xì)砂巖在130×106~5×106a(早白堊世—上新世)長(zhǎng)期淺埋藏(小于3 000 m),5×106a至今(上新世至今)快速深埋藏(大于3 000 m),表生成巖作用期、成巖早期—中期(白堊紀(jì)—新近紀(jì)上新世)溶蝕作用與成巖晚期構(gòu)造擠壓作用相互耦合、疊加改造是儲(chǔ)集層的主要成因機(jī)制。
(4)克拉蘇深層區(qū)帶巴什基奇克組有效儲(chǔ)集層厚80~200 m,相對(duì)優(yōu)質(zhì)儲(chǔ)集層厚30~90 m,主要分布在辮狀河三角洲前緣水下分流河道、構(gòu)造背斜東西向軸部、距不整合面220 m以內(nèi)“三者”疊合區(qū),成帶連片分布,埋深8 000 m以下仍有有效儲(chǔ)集層存在,勘探表明具有萬(wàn)億立方米天然氣儲(chǔ)量規(guī)模。
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(編輯曹元婷)
Characteristics and Exploration Potential of Ultra-Deep Cretaceous Reservoir in Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin
ZHANG Ronghu1,LIU Chun1,YANG Haijun2,ZHANG Huiliang1,WANG Junpeng1,ZENG Qinglu1
(1.Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310023,China;2.Tarim Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Korla,Xinjiang 841000,China)
The Cretaceous reservoir in Kuqa depression of Tarim basin is a set of ultra-deep,ultra-high pressure,high temperature and lowporosity fractured sandstones.To identify characteristics,genesis and exploration potential of the reservoir,an integrated research is performed using structural evolution reconstruction and systematical characterization and based on the data of confocal laser scanning,industrial CT,high-pressure mercury injection,SEM,carbon and oxygen isotopes analysis,physical properties of full-diameter cores,electron microprobe spectroscopy and so on.The study shows that the braided delta-front sand bodies are superimposed and distributed continuously in Cretaceous Bashijiqike formation of Crassus deep zones with the thickness of 150~250 m;in ultra-deep layers,residual primary porosity and dissolved pores are relatively developed,netlike,high-angle,filled to semi-filled fractures are developed,too.The reservoir generally belongs to low-porosity,medium-low permeability in nature;the genesis mechanism is dominated by 3 mechanisms such as shallow burial during the early and middle stages,celling structure of nappe-type,gypsum-salt rocks during the late stage and intercoupling and superimposition between dissolution during epidiagenetic stage to early diagenesis stage and tectonic compression at the late stage;the effective reservoir thickness ranges from 80 m to 200 m and the relatively high quality reservoir thickness reaches to 30~90 m,which are mainly continuously distributed in the areas superimposed by underwater distributary channel,E-W axis of structural anticline and zone within 220 m to unconformity surface.The effective reservoirs could still exist in the burial depth of 8 000 m.All the areas may have natural gas reserves potentials of trillions of cubic meters by estimation.
Tarim basin;Kuqa depression;Cretaceous;Bashijiqike formation;ultra-deep formation;effective reservoir;exploration potential
TE112.23
A
1001-3873(2016)04-0423-07
10.7657/XJPG20160407
2015-11-27
2016-04-11
國(guó)家973項(xiàng)目(2011CB201104);國(guó)家科技重大專項(xiàng)(2016ZX05003-002)
張榮虎(1976-),男,河南方城人,高級(jí)工程師,博士,石油地質(zhì),(Tel)13757114878(E-mail)zrh_hz@petrochina.com.cn