宋文金,沈喜玉,李 季,畢 巖
(盤錦市中心醫(yī)院 骨外科,遼寧 盤錦 124000)
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miR-499-5p調(diào)控AKT2基因?qū)侨饬鯩G63細(xì)胞凋亡和遷移的影響
宋文金,沈喜玉,李季,畢巖
(盤錦市中心醫(yī)院 骨外科,遼寧 盤錦 124000)
目的探討miR-499-5p在骨肉瘤MG63細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)及其對MG63細(xì)胞凋亡和遷移的影響。方法運用生物信息學(xué)軟件TargetScan和miRanda對miR-499-5p和AKT2基因的靶向配對關(guān)系進(jìn)行預(yù)測。未轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞設(shè)為空白對照組(control組),脂質(zhì)體2000轉(zhuǎn)染miR-499-5p模擬物為mimics組,轉(zhuǎn)染干擾AKT2基因的siRNA為siRNA組。 Real-time PCR檢測3組細(xì)胞中miR-499-5p和AKT2 mRNA的表達(dá)情況,western blot檢測AKT2蛋白的表達(dá)情況,流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測3組細(xì)胞凋亡情況,細(xì)胞劃痕實驗檢測體外的遷移情況。結(jié)果TargetScan和miRanda顯示miR-499-5p和AKT2基因二者靶向配對良好。Real-time PCR檢測結(jié)果表明轉(zhuǎn)染mimics后,AKT2 mRNA的表達(dá)量降至(45.06±8.12)%,與control組(100%)比較,差異有顯著性意義(P<0.05)。Western blot檢測結(jié)果表明mimics組AKT2蛋白相對表達(dá)量為(0.32±0.05),與comtrol組(0.69±0.11)比較,明顯降低,P<0.05。流式細(xì)胞術(shù)和細(xì)胞劃痕實驗結(jié)果顯示mimics組MG63細(xì)胞凋亡率(18.97±2.41)%及細(xì)胞劃痕愈合率(63.54±5.43)%,與control組(10.35±2.56)%和(90.35±6.81)%相比差異均有顯著性意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論miR-499-5p能夠下調(diào)骨肉瘤MG63細(xì)胞中AKT2基因的表達(dá),促進(jìn)癌細(xì)胞的凋亡以及抑制細(xì)胞的遷移。
微小RNA;絲氨酸/蘇氨酸蛋白激酶2;骨肉瘤MG63細(xì)胞
[引用本文]宋文金,沈喜玉,李季,等.miR-499-5p調(diào)控AKT2基因?qū)侨饬鯩G63細(xì)胞凋亡和遷移的影響[J].大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報,2016,38(4):326-329,333.
骨肉瘤是常見的原發(fā)骨組織惡性腫瘤,約占骨原發(fā)腫瘤的 20%,惡性程度高。近年來,隨著外科保肢技術(shù)的發(fā)展以及新的輔助化療方案的應(yīng)用,骨肉瘤的治療已取得了顯著的進(jìn)步。但是,由于骨肉瘤具有高度的侵襲性以及容易轉(zhuǎn)移,骨肉瘤患者的預(yù)后比較差,死亡率仍然較高。因此,認(rèn)識骨肉瘤發(fā)生進(jìn)展的機(jī)制顯得極為重要。MicroRNA(miRNA)是一類非編碼RNA,長度大約為21~25 nt,通過與靶基因mRNA 3' 端非翻譯區(qū)(3' UTR)互補(bǔ),降解目的基因并下調(diào)其表達(dá)[1],以此參與疾病發(fā)生過程中基因表達(dá)的調(diào)控。AKT是一種對細(xì)胞代謝、增殖和遷移等生命活動有重要功能的蛋白激酶,能夠磷酸化絲氨酸/蘇氨酸[2]。AKT2是其亞型之一,它的高表達(dá)能使細(xì)胞發(fā)生惡性轉(zhuǎn)化,與人類多種腫瘤(如:甲狀腺癌、卵巢癌和胃癌等)的發(fā)生和發(fā)展有密切關(guān)系[3-5]。
本研究運用生物信息學(xué)方法對miR-499-5p和絲氨酸/蘇氨酸蛋白激酶(Serine-threonine kinase,AKT)基因的靶向配對關(guān)系進(jìn)行預(yù)測,轉(zhuǎn)染miR-499-5p模擬物以及干擾AKT2基因的siRNA后, 檢測miR-499-5p和AKT2 mRNA在癌細(xì)胞中的表達(dá),闡明其對MG63細(xì)胞凋亡和遷移的影響。
1.1材料
DMEM培養(yǎng)基、胎牛血清和胰蛋白酶購自Gibico公司,反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒、RNAiso for small RNA和SYBR Premix Ex TaqTMII購自TaKaRa公司,脂質(zhì)體 2000購自Invitrogen公司,miR-499-5p mimics購自GenePharma公司,siRNA購自Dharmacon公司,兔抗人AKT2抗體購自Santa Cruz公司,骨肉瘤MG63細(xì)胞購自上海生物細(xì)胞研究所。
1.2生物信息學(xué)方法預(yù)測
運用miRNA生物信息學(xué)軟件TargetScan (http://www.targetscan.org/)和miRanda (http://www.microrna.org/) 對miR-499-5p和AKT2(NM_001626)基因的靶向配對關(guān)系進(jìn)行預(yù)測。
1.3細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)與轉(zhuǎn)染
MG63細(xì)胞37 ℃、5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),每2~3 d換一次液。待細(xì)胞達(dá)到80%融合后,用0.25%胰酶和0.02%EDTA消化并傳代。應(yīng)用脂質(zhì)體2000 轉(zhuǎn)染 miR-499-5p 模擬物(mimics組)或干擾AKT2基因的siRNA 30 nmol/L(siRNA組)進(jìn)入細(xì)胞,24 h 后進(jìn)行后續(xù)實驗,未轉(zhuǎn)染組設(shè)為空白對照組(control組)。
1.4Real-time PCR檢測
取control、siRNA以及mimics 3組細(xì)胞,分別加入Trizol 或RNAiso for small RNA提取總mRNA或總miRNA,運用反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒反轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA,稀釋后加入SYBR Premix Ex TaqTMII和引物(表1)40 個循環(huán)的PCR 反應(yīng),并對反應(yīng)結(jié)果進(jìn)行定量分析。
表1 引物序列
1.5 Western blot檢測
取control、siRNA以及mimics 3組細(xì)胞,分別加入RIPA裂解液充分震蕩后,超聲破碎,4 ℃離心20 min,采用BCA法測定樣品總蛋白量。取15 μL樣品SDS-PAGE分離后轉(zhuǎn)膜,應(yīng)用4%BSA封閉1 h,加入兔抗人AKT2抗體(1∶200),4 ℃過夜后,滴加二抗(1∶800),4 ℃搖床1 h后凝膠成像系統(tǒng)ECL發(fā)光顯影。
1.6流式細(xì)胞術(shù)
取control、siRNA以及mimics 3組細(xì)胞,PBS 沖洗細(xì)胞 3 次,并用 0.25%胰蛋白酶消化,棄去上清液,PBS 沖洗1次,將細(xì)胞重懸于冷PBS 中,加入FITC標(biāo)記annexin-V和0.02 mg/mL碘化丙啶,室溫下避光孵育30 min,流式細(xì)胞儀上機(jī)檢測。
1.7細(xì)胞劃痕實驗
將control、siRNA以及mimics 3組細(xì)胞分別接種于 6 孔板中,待細(xì)胞完全融合,移除培養(yǎng)基并用槍頭做十字劃線,更換新鮮的無血清培養(yǎng)基,并拍照,記為0 h。24 h后,在同一處拍照,記為24 h。
1.8統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
2.1miR-499-5p和AKT2基因靶向配對關(guān)系
TargetScan顯示miR-499-5p在AKT2 3′UTR上有一個脊椎動物間保守的靶位點,其類型為8mer,匹配得分為96。miRanda結(jié)果表明miR-499-5p與靶位點的mirSVR 得分為-0.4184。見表2。
表2 miR-499-5p 與AKT2 基因靶向配對關(guān)系
2.2 miR-499-5p和AKT2 mRNA的表達(dá)情況
Real-time PCR檢測結(jié)果顯示control組miR-499-5p的表達(dá)量設(shè)為1,則轉(zhuǎn)染組(mimics)是其(22.64±6.58)倍,差異有顯著性意義(P<0.05)(圖1a)。control組AKT2 mRNA的表達(dá)量設(shè)為100%, 轉(zhuǎn)染siRNA后其表達(dá)量下降為(41.37±6.52)%,轉(zhuǎn)染mimics后其表達(dá)量也降至(45.06±8.12)%,兩組與control組相比差異均有顯著性意義(P<0.05)(圖1b)。
圖1 miR-499-5p和AKT2 mRNA的表達(dá)量Fig 1 Relative expression level of miR-499-5p and AKT2 mRNA a:miR-499-5p表達(dá)量;b:AKT2 mRNA表達(dá)量。*與control組比較, P<0.05
2.3AKT2蛋白的表達(dá)情況
Western blot檢測各組AKT2蛋白表達(dá)應(yīng)用軟件掃描條帶灰度值,結(jié)果顯示mimics組和siRNA沉默AKT2組(siRNA組)AKT2蛋白相對表達(dá)量[(0.32±0.05)和(0.23±0.03)]較control組(0.69±0.11)明顯降低,差異有顯著性意義(P<0.05)。見圖2。
2.4miR-499-5p對MG63細(xì)胞凋亡的影響
流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測結(jié)果顯示siRNA組和mimics組MG63細(xì)胞凋亡率[(19.86±2.34)% 和(18.97±2.41)%]均較control組(10.35±2.56)%明顯升高,差異有顯著性意義(P<0.05)。見圖3。
2.5 miR-499-5p對MG63細(xì)胞遷移的影響
圖2 各組細(xì)胞AKT2 蛋白的表達(dá)Fig 2 AKT2 protein expression in three groups
圖3 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測MG63細(xì)胞的凋亡Fig 3 The apoptosis of MG63 cells by flow cytometry
細(xì)胞劃痕實驗結(jié)果顯示24 h后control組細(xì)胞劃痕愈合率(90.35±6.81)%明顯快于siRNA組(48.63±4.95)%和mimics組(63.54±5.43)%,差異有顯著性意義(P<0.05)。見圖4。
圖4 細(xì)胞劃痕實驗檢測MG63細(xì)胞的遷移Fig 4 The migration of MG63 cells by the wound healing assay
Liu JF等[6]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)PIK3CA蛋白的高表達(dá)能夠激活PI3K/AKT通路促進(jìn)胃癌細(xì)胞的增殖和遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移,腫瘤細(xì)胞分化程度越低,臨床分期越晚,AKT2蛋白的陽性表達(dá)率就越高。近年來有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)AKT2與骨肉瘤的發(fā)生進(jìn)展有著密切關(guān)系[7-8],但是相關(guān)研究并不多,本研究應(yīng)用Real-time PCR和Western blot發(fā)現(xiàn)骨肉瘤MG63細(xì)胞內(nèi)有AKT2 mRNA和蛋白的高表達(dá),推測其與腫瘤細(xì)胞的遷移和侵襲密切相關(guān)。
MicroRNA作為非編碼RNA被證實與骨肉瘤密切相關(guān)[9-11]。Li Y等[12]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-34a、miR-143、miR-145和miR-200b在骨肉瘤細(xì)胞中低表達(dá),在骨肉瘤細(xì)胞系中過表達(dá)miR-34a和miR-200b,其可以通過調(diào)控Notch-1傳導(dǎo)通路抑制骨肉瘤細(xì)胞的生物學(xué)行為。Ezrin蛋白是細(xì)胞骨架與細(xì)胞膜之間的連接蛋白,參與微絨毛的形成并與細(xì)胞形態(tài)的維持、運動、黏附及生存有關(guān)。Zhu J等[13]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-183可以通過靶向抑制Ezrin蛋白,進(jìn)而抑制骨肉瘤細(xì)胞的增殖、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移。
本研究運用生物信息學(xué)方法對miR-499-5p和AKT2基因的靶向配對關(guān)系進(jìn)行預(yù)測,發(fā)現(xiàn)二者配對良好,脂質(zhì)體2000轉(zhuǎn)染miR-499-5p模擬物以及干擾RNA后,Real-time PCR和Western blot檢測結(jié)果均表明過表達(dá)miR-499-5p能夠降低AKT2 mRNA和蛋白的表達(dá)。進(jìn)一步應(yīng)用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測癌細(xì)胞的凋亡情況,細(xì)胞劃痕實驗檢測癌細(xì)胞體外的遷移情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)過表達(dá)miR-499-5p能夠促進(jìn)MG63細(xì)胞的凋亡以及抑制細(xì)胞的遷移。由此可以得出,miR-499-5p能夠下調(diào)骨肉瘤MG63細(xì)胞中AKT2基因的表達(dá),促進(jìn)癌細(xì)胞的凋亡以及抑制細(xì)胞的遷移。
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Role of miR-499-5p in osteosarcoma MG63 cells apoptosis and migration by regulating AKT2 expression
SONG Wen-jin, SHEN Xi-yu, LI Ji, BI Yan
(DepartmentofOrthopedic,CentralHospitalofPanjinCity,Panjin124000,China)
Objective To identify expressions of miR-499-5p and AKT2 in osteosarcoma MG63 cells and explore the role of miR-499-5p on cell apoptosis and migration which may regulate AKT2 expression. Methods It was predicted by bioinformatics that miR-499-5p may regulate AKT2 expression. After transfection of miR-499-5p mimics or siRNA into cells, the expressions of miR-499-5p and AKT2 were determined by real-time PCR and western blot. The apoptosis and migration of MG63 cells were detected in vitro by flow cytometry and the wound healing assay respectively. Results MiRanda and TargetScan showed that miR-499-5p was well complementary with AKT2 gene. Compared with the control group, the expressions of AKT2 mRNA (45.06±8.12)% and protein(0.32±0.05)decreased when miR-499-5p over-expression(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the apoptosis(18.97±2.41)% of MG63 cells was promoted and the migration(63.54±5.43)% was suppressed after transfection of miR-499-5p(P<0.05). Conclusion MiR-499-5p may down- regulate AKT2 expression in osteosarcoma MG63 cells, which could play a role in promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting cell migration.
miRNA;AKT2;osteosarcoma MG63 cells
宋文金(1973-),男,遼寧盤錦人,副主任醫(yī)師。E-mail:lywangxueqin@163.com
論著10.11724/jdmu.2016.04.03
R738. 1
A
1671-7295(2016)04-0326-04
2016-04-11;
2016-07-06)