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PNUTS在D-半乳糖誘導(dǎo)老化小鼠耳蝸中的表達(dá)

2016-10-20 03:19吳喜迪張俏李文靜劉雙月
天津醫(yī)藥 2016年9期
關(guān)鍵詞:毛細(xì)胞半乳糖耳蝸

吳喜迪,張俏,李文靜,劉雙月

PNUTS在D-半乳糖誘導(dǎo)老化小鼠耳蝸中的表達(dá)

吳喜迪,張俏,李文靜,劉雙月△

目的觀察D-半乳糖誘導(dǎo)的老化小鼠耳蝸中蛋白磷酸酶1核目標(biāo)亞基(PNUTS)的表達(dá)。方法6周齡清潔級(jí)昆明小鼠20只隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和D-半乳糖組,每組10只。D-半乳糖組小鼠頸背部皮下注射D-半乳糖800 mg/(kg·d);對(duì)照組頸背部注射等量生理鹽水,均為每日1次,連續(xù)8周。造模完成后,進(jìn)行聽腦干反應(yīng)(ABR)測(cè)試檢測(cè)小鼠聽力變化;取2組小鼠耳蝸,采用Western blot檢測(cè)PNUTS及p53蛋白表達(dá);免疫組織化學(xué)觀察PNUTS蛋白在耳蝸毛細(xì)胞、螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞及血管紋中的表達(dá)與分布情況。結(jié)果D-半乳糖組小鼠在8、12、24 kHz這3個(gè)頻率下的ABR閾值與對(duì)照組差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。PNUTS蛋白在小鼠耳蝸毛細(xì)胞、螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞及血管紋細(xì)胞中有表達(dá),且D-半乳糖組小鼠耳蝸中PNUTS蛋白的陽(yáng)性表達(dá)水平較對(duì)照組顯著降低(P<0.05);而p53蛋白表達(dá)水平則顯著升高(P<0.01)。結(jié)論P(yáng)NUTS在小鼠耳蝸中有表達(dá),且D-半乳糖能夠誘導(dǎo)老化小鼠耳蝸中PNUTS表達(dá)下調(diào)。

蛋白質(zhì)磷酸酶1;半乳糖;老年性聾;耳蝸;蛋白磷酸酶1核目標(biāo)亞基

老年性耳聾(age-related hearing loss,ARHL)是伴隨衰老的過(guò)程中主要由內(nèi)耳的退行性變所引起的自然聽力損失。實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物慢性注射大劑量D-半乳糖可以建立理想的聽覺系統(tǒng)自然衰老模型[1]。蛋白磷酸酶1核目標(biāo)亞基(protein phosphates 1 nuclear targeting subunit,PNUTS)是蛋白磷酸酶1(protein phosphates 1,PP1)結(jié)合蛋白。PNUTS這種無(wú)催化活性的核定位蛋白具有降低端??s短,抑制PP1調(diào)節(jié)的細(xì)胞凋亡,參與DNA修復(fù)等生物活性作用[2-4]。已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),PNUTS在衰老心肌細(xì)胞的凋亡過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用[5],那么PNUTS是否在內(nèi)耳中表達(dá),PNUTS在老年性耳聾的發(fā)生發(fā)展中是否起作用,目前鮮見報(bào)道。本研究旨在應(yīng)用D-半乳糖誘導(dǎo)老化模型小鼠,觀察PNUTS在內(nèi)耳的表達(dá),初步探討PNUTS在老年性耳聾中的作用機(jī)制。

1 材料與方法

1.1材料

1.1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物6周齡清潔級(jí)昆明小鼠20只,雌雄不限,體質(zhì)量18~22 g,耳廓反射靈敏,無(wú)中耳炎,由錦州醫(yī)科大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心提供。小鼠于安靜狀態(tài)下飼養(yǎng),給予常規(guī)飲食。建立老年性耳聾動(dòng)物模型[1]:昆明小鼠隨機(jī)進(jìn)行編號(hào),然后令其雙數(shù)為對(duì)照組,單數(shù)為D-半乳糖組,每組10只,適應(yīng)性喂養(yǎng)1周。D-半乳糖組小鼠頸背部皮下注射D-半乳糖[800 mg/(kg·d)];對(duì)照組頸背部注射等量生理鹽水,每日1次,連續(xù)8周。每日監(jiān)測(cè)小鼠體質(zhì)量以調(diào)整藥量。

1.1.2主要試劑D-半乳糖(G5388)購(gòu)自美國(guó)Sigma公司;兔抗鼠PNUTS多克隆抗體(bs-11666R)購(gòu)自博奧森公司;兔抗鼠p53多克隆抗體(ab1431)購(gòu)于Abcam公司;DAB顯色劑及生物素-鏈霉卵白素免疫組化檢測(cè)試劑盒(SP-9001)購(gòu)于北京中杉金橋生物技術(shù)有限公司。

1.2方法

1.2.1聽腦干反應(yīng)(auditory brainstem response,ABR)測(cè)試分別于給藥前和停藥后24 h內(nèi)對(duì)2組小鼠進(jìn)行ABR測(cè)試。測(cè)聽在隔音屏蔽室內(nèi)進(jìn)行。1%戊巴比妥鈉90 mg/kg對(duì)小鼠腹腔麻醉,將電極正極置于小鼠顱頂正中皮下,負(fù)極及接地電極分別埋于測(cè)聲側(cè)及對(duì)側(cè)的耳廓后下。聽覺誘發(fā)電位-耳聲發(fā)射記錄系統(tǒng)給予小鼠短純音(tone burst)刺激,依次選取8、12、24 kHz 3個(gè)頻率測(cè)試后記錄ABR閾值(聽閾)。聲強(qiáng)從95 dB聲壓級(jí)(sound pressure level,SPL)開始,以5 dB逐次遞減,以ABRⅢ波剛出現(xiàn)時(shí)判定聽閾,并至少重復(fù)2次。

1.2.2Western blot檢測(cè)PNUTS和p53蛋白的表達(dá)耳蝸加入RIPA裂解液后,于0℃下超聲粉碎,12 000 r/min 4℃低溫離心25 min。上清經(jīng)BCA法測(cè)定蛋白含量。上樣、電泳,轉(zhuǎn)膜,封閉,4℃下?lián)u床孵育1 h之后,加一抗(1∶1 000稀釋),隨即4℃冰箱過(guò)夜。TBST緩沖液沖洗,5 min×3次。辣根過(guò)氧化物酶標(biāo)記二抗(1∶1 000稀釋),4℃搖床孵育1 h。再次TBST緩沖液沖洗5 min×3次。滴加BCIP/NBT顯色后,可見成像條帶。全自動(dòng)凝膠成像系統(tǒng)對(duì)條帶進(jìn)行半定量分析,βactin為內(nèi)參照物。

1.2.3免疫組織化學(xué)SABC法檢測(cè)PNUTS蛋白的表達(dá)于體視顯微鏡下充分暴露耳蝸,刺破卵圓窗和圓窗,蝸尖鉆孔,用含有4%多聚甲醛的0.01 mol/L PBS緩沖液(pH 7.4)緩慢灌流,于4℃下固定2 h。PBS沖洗后,放入4%EDTA溶液中,4℃下脫鈣5~7 d。標(biāo)本經(jīng)梯度乙醇脫水、二甲苯透明、常規(guī)石蠟包埋。蠟塊沿著蝸軸正中行5 μm連續(xù)切片。切片常規(guī)脫蠟至水;PBS中浸泡5 min,于枸櫞酸鹽緩沖液(pH 6.0)中微波修復(fù)8 min;3%H2O2浸泡15 min;室溫下山羊血清封閉20 min,滴加抗PNUTS抗體(1∶100稀釋),4℃過(guò)夜。切片甩干,生物素標(biāo)記IgG 37℃孵育30 min;37℃下SABC復(fù)合物孵育30 min;DAB顯色,流水終止反應(yīng)。以上每一步都需用PBS沖洗3次,每次5 min。蘇木素復(fù)染,脫水、透明、封片,顯微鏡下觀察結(jié)果、照相。陰性對(duì)照染色切片用PBS代替一抗,其余步驟不變。利用Image J 1.48軟件進(jìn)行分析。每組隨機(jī)抽取10張切片,同等條件下測(cè)量各組耳蝸毛細(xì)胞、螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)及血管紋3個(gè)部位PNUTS陽(yáng)性反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物的光密度值。其數(shù)值越大,代表陽(yáng)性反應(yīng)越強(qiáng)烈。

1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法采用SPSS 16.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x ±s)表示。2組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1D-半乳糖對(duì)小鼠ABR閾值的影響應(yīng)用D-半乳糖后,在8、12和24 kHz這3個(gè)刺激頻率下,D-半乳糖組小鼠的ABR閾值與對(duì)照組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P>0.05),見表1。

Tab.1The ABR threshold in two groups表1 小鼠ABR閾值(dB SPL,)

Tab.1The ABR threshold in two groups表1 小鼠ABR閾值(dB SPL,)

均P>0.05

組別對(duì)照組D-半乳糖組t耳數(shù)20 20 ABR閾值8 kHz 27.50±6.39 30.50±5.83 1.371 12 kHz 28.50±4.89 31.50±5.64 1.928 24 kHz 28.25±4.94 31.75±6.93 1.759

2.2PNUTS及p53蛋白在小鼠耳蝸的表達(dá)情況Western blot結(jié)果顯示,對(duì)照組小鼠耳蝸中有PNUTS蛋白的表達(dá),與對(duì)照組相比,D-半乳糖組小鼠耳蝸中PNUTS蛋白的表達(dá)水平顯著降低(P<0.05),p53蛋白表達(dá)水平顯著升高(P<0.01),見圖1、表2。免疫組織化學(xué)結(jié)果顯示,PNUTS在對(duì)照組小鼠耳蝸毛細(xì)胞、螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)及血管紋3個(gè)部位均有表達(dá),給予D-半乳糖誘導(dǎo)老化后,PNUTS在上述3個(gè)部位的表達(dá)均顯著減少(P<0.01),陰性對(duì)照未見陽(yáng)性表達(dá)(P<0.01),見圖2、表3。

Fig.1Expressions of PNUTS and p53 protein in cochlear of mice圖1 PNUTS和p53蛋白在小鼠耳蝸中的表達(dá)

Tab.2Comparison of expression levels of PNUTS and p53 protein in cochlear between two groups表2 PNUTS和p53蛋白在小鼠耳蝸中表達(dá)水平比較(%,)

Tab.2Comparison of expression levels of PNUTS and p53 protein in cochlear between two groups表2 PNUTS和p53蛋白在小鼠耳蝸中表達(dá)水平比較(%,)

*P<0.05,**P<0.01,表3同

組別對(duì)照組D-半乳糖組t p53 6.06±3.73 47.04±7.76 67.869**n33 PNUTS 67.19±8.73 32.21±13.26 14.565*

Fig.2Expressions of PNUTS in the cochlear Corti,spiral ganglion and striavascularis(DAB staining,×400)圖2 PNUTS蛋白在柯蒂氏器、螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)及血管紋的表達(dá)(DAB染色,×400)

Tab.3Expressions of PNUTS in cochlear hair cells,spiral ganglion cells and striavascularis in two groups表3 PNUTS蛋白在耳蝸毛細(xì)胞、螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)及血管紋的表達(dá)情況

Tab.3Expressions of PNUTS in cochlear hair cells,spiral ganglion cells and striavascularis in two groups表3 PNUTS蛋白在耳蝸毛細(xì)胞、螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)及血管紋的表達(dá)情況

組別對(duì)照組D-半乳糖組t n44毛細(xì)胞13.74±3.50 5.51±2.02 83.069**螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)11.44±3.43 2.98±2.00 90.620**血管紋11.59±5.07 5.67±1.70 24.588**

3 討論

隨著世界人口老齡化的加劇,老年性耳聾現(xiàn)已引起醫(yī)學(xué)界越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注。D-半乳糖可被半乳糖氧化酶轉(zhuǎn)化成醛糖及氫過(guò)氧化物,產(chǎn)生過(guò)多的活性氧(ROS),導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞和機(jī)體的老化[6]。而高濃度的ROS可破壞DNA的結(jié)構(gòu),進(jìn)而引發(fā)DNA損傷應(yīng)答,或可通過(guò)直接調(diào)控衰老相關(guān)的信號(hào)通路,促進(jìn)細(xì)胞衰老[7]。故國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者常用D-半乳糖來(lái)構(gòu)建老年性聾動(dòng)物模型[8-9]。本研究參考Wu等[1]的研究劑量,給予小鼠高劑量D-半乳糖來(lái)建立小鼠老化模型。ABR結(jié)果顯示D-半乳糖組小鼠在各頻率下的ABR閾值與對(duì)照組比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,聽力改變與以往的報(bào)道一致,老年性耳聾小鼠模型建模成功。

Boon等[5]發(fā)現(xiàn)在老年化心臟中,PNUTS的表達(dá)相較于未老化的心肌細(xì)胞顯著下調(diào);而PNUTS的下調(diào)可以誘導(dǎo)心肌細(xì)胞DNA的損傷反應(yīng)和端粒的磨損,繼而引起心肌細(xì)胞的凋亡。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)PNUTS蛋白在小鼠耳蝸中的毛細(xì)胞、血管紋和螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞處均有表達(dá),且在老年性耳聾模型小鼠耳蝸的上述3個(gè)部位中PNUTS的表達(dá)均較對(duì)照組顯著下調(diào)。以上結(jié)果表明D-半乳糖誘導(dǎo)了小鼠耳蝸細(xì)胞中PNUTS的下調(diào)表達(dá),進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致內(nèi)耳細(xì)胞老化。這與Boon等[5]在衰老心肌細(xì)胞中的發(fā)現(xiàn)基本一致,提示PNUTS與耳蝸細(xì)胞尤其是毛細(xì)胞、血管紋和螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞的衰老關(guān)系密切。

最新研究表明,p53在細(xì)胞衰老的啟動(dòng)和維持中起著重要作用。生理狀態(tài)下,p53具有抗癌和抗衰老的作用;而p53的過(guò)度激活則具有抗癌的作用,但同時(shí)也會(huì)促進(jìn)衰老[7]。眾多研究也證實(shí)了這一觀點(diǎn),在順鉑誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞衰老過(guò)程中,p53的表達(dá)水平持續(xù)升高[10]。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),在D-半乳糖誘導(dǎo)的大鼠衰老模型的骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞中,p53蛋白表達(dá)同樣顯著增加[11]。而在衰老的C57BL/6小鼠耳蝸中,大量乙?;膒53誘發(fā)了耳蝸毛細(xì)胞的凋亡增多,最終導(dǎo)致了小鼠老年性耳聾的發(fā)生[12]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,D-半乳糖可以誘導(dǎo)小鼠耳蝸中PNUTS蛋白表達(dá)下調(diào)和p53蛋白表達(dá)上調(diào)。由此筆者推測(cè),在老年性耳聾模型小鼠中,下調(diào)的衰老相關(guān)蛋白PNUTS可能通過(guò)上調(diào)凋亡相關(guān)因子p53,引起耳蝸毛細(xì)胞、螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞及血管紋細(xì)胞發(fā)生凋亡,繼而誘發(fā)聽覺損傷,最終導(dǎo)致老年性耳聾的發(fā)生發(fā)展,提示PNUTS是D-半乳糖誘導(dǎo)的老年性耳聾的重要作用靶點(diǎn)。因此,PNUTS是小鼠耳蝸細(xì)胞老化中的重要因子,PNUTS可能通過(guò)上調(diào)p53導(dǎo)致小鼠耳蝸細(xì)胞老化從而引起老年性耳聾。這為臨床防治老年性耳聾提供了理論依據(jù)和可能的治療靶點(diǎn)。當(dāng)然,由于本實(shí)驗(yàn)應(yīng)用的是D-半乳糖誘導(dǎo)老化模型小鼠,與自然衰老動(dòng)物還有一定的差異。本課題組將在自然衰老動(dòng)物中近一步證實(shí)耳蝸中PNUTS的表達(dá)與老年性耳聾的關(guān)系及其致老年性耳聾的相關(guān)機(jī)制。

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(2015-12-30收稿2016-04-04修回)

(本文編輯魏杰)

The expression of PNUTS in the cochlea of D-galactose induced ageing mice

WU Xidi,ZHANG Qiao,LI Wenjing,LIU Shuangyue△
Department of Physiology,Jinzhou Medical University,Jinzhou 121000,China△

E-mail:dongfangyue5@sina.com

ObjectiveTo observe the expression of protein phosphates 1 nuclear targeting subunit(PNUTS)in the cochlea of D-galactose induced ageing mice.MethodsTwenty Kunming mice,six weeks old,cleaning degree,were randomly divided into two groups,control group and D-galactose group,ten mice for each group.Mice in D-galactose group were administrated with D-galactose at a dose of 800 mg/(kg·d)by subcutaneous injection for eight weeks.Mice in control group were injected with the same volume of saline.After eight weeks,auditory brainstem responses(ABR)were collected to test the hearing thresholds of mice.Western blot assay was used to detect expressions of PNUTS and p53 protein.The expression and distribution of PNUTS in the cochlear Corti,spiral ganglion and striavascularis cells were observed by immunohistochemical(IHC)staining.ResultsThere were no significant differences in ABRs at 8,12 and 24 kHz between two groups.Protein expressions of PNUTS were located in the cochlear hair cells,spiral ganglion cells and striavascularis cells,and the expression level of cochlea was significantly decreased in D-galactose group than that in control group(P<0.05).The expression level of p53 protein was significantly increased in D-galactose group than that in control group(P<0.01).ConclusionPNUTS is expressed in the normal mouse cochlea,and which is down-regulated in the cochlea of ageing mice induced by D-galactose.

protein phosphatase 1;galactose;presbycusis;cochlea;protein phosphates 1 nuclear targeting subunit

R764.43

A

10.11958/20150438

遼寧省教育廳基金資助項(xiàng)目(201410160023,L2015316)

錦州醫(yī)科大學(xué)生理學(xué)教研室(郵編121000)

吳喜迪(1992),男,本科在讀,主要從事老年性耳聾發(fā)病機(jī)制的研究

E-mail:dongfangyue5@sina.com

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