牛延宏, 周志廣, 牛文治, 王果勝, 趙孝旗, 李紅英, 李家亮
(1.黑龍江省地質(zhì)調(diào)查研究總院 齊齊哈爾分院,哈爾濱 150036; 2.中國地質(zhì)大學(xué) 地球科學(xué)與資源學(xué)院,北京 100083)
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哈爾濱東部海西期鉀長花崗巖的鋯石U-Pb年代學(xué)及其地質(zhì)意義
牛延宏1, 周志廣2, 牛文治2, 王果勝2, 趙孝旗2, 李紅英2, 李家亮2
(1.黑龍江省地質(zhì)調(diào)查研究總院 齊齊哈爾分院,哈爾濱 150036; 2.中國地質(zhì)大學(xué) 地球科學(xué)與資源學(xué)院,北京 100083)
通過對哈爾濱東部地區(qū)海西期鉀長花崗巖年代學(xué)、地球化學(xué)特征的研究,討論興蒙造山帶的演化。研究區(qū)鉀長花崗巖呈肉紅色細(xì)粒,主要由鉀長石、斜長石、石英和黑云母組成。巖石中SiO2的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為74.70%~75.70%,為酸性巖。Al2O3的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為12.07%~13.18%;Na2O+K2O的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為7.78%~8.09%,K2O/Na2O為0.93%~1.60%。里特曼指數(shù)為1.85~2.06。∑REE的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為96.32×10-6~172.83×10-6,δEu為0.21~0.77,為銪負(fù)異常;鋁飽和指數(shù)為0.88~1.12,屬于高鉀鈣堿性花崗巖,與造山帶垮塌導(dǎo)致的大規(guī)模巖石圈伸展作用有關(guān)。該花崗巖LA-ICP-MS鋯石U-Pb年齡為(298.54±0.86) Ma(MSWD=0.94),屬于晚石炭世,形成于古亞洲洋閉合后興安地塊和松嫩地塊碰撞拼合后的伸展作用。
哈爾濱;鉀長花崗巖;鋯石U-Pb年齡;海西期;地質(zhì)意義
圖1 研究區(qū)地質(zhì)簡圖及構(gòu)造位置圖Fig.1 Geological sketch map of studied area and its tectonic locationJ3ms.帽兒山組火山巖; P2t.土門嶺組變質(zhì)巖; C2P1y.楊木崗組變質(zhì)巖; C2t.唐家屯組火山巖; J1χργ.燕山期堿長花崗巖; J1γη.燕山期二長花崗巖; C2χργ.華力西期堿長花崗巖
中國東北地區(qū)花崗巖十分發(fā)育,這與其大地構(gòu)造位置有關(guān)——位于西伯利亞板塊、華北板塊和太平洋板塊之間,自西向東分別由額爾古納地塊、興安地塊、松嫩地塊、佳木斯地塊—興凱地塊組成。顯生宙以來經(jīng)歷了古亞洲洋構(gòu)造域和太平洋構(gòu)造域的演化、疊加,發(fā)生了多期次的巖漿作用和變質(zhì)作用,因而其構(gòu)造背景極其復(fù)雜[1-8]。黑龍江省哈爾濱東部(簡稱“濱東”)地區(qū)花崗巖,以鉀長花崗巖為主,大地構(gòu)造位置位于興蒙造山帶東部,經(jīng)歷了漫長而復(fù)雜的構(gòu)造演化。特殊的大地構(gòu)造位置以及復(fù)雜的構(gòu)造演化使研究區(qū)成為研究古亞洲洋發(fā)展演化的重要突破口。多年來,很多研究單位及學(xué)者對該區(qū)發(fā)育的鉀長花崗巖進(jìn)行了研究,特別是20世紀(jì)70年代以來,先后開展了1∶500 000、1∶200 000地質(zhì)調(diào)查以及礦區(qū)1∶50 000地質(zhì)調(diào)查等工作;但是,未討論過海西期鉀長花崗巖的形成時代及其構(gòu)造屬性。本文通過對濱東地區(qū)海西期鉀長花崗巖的鋯石U-Pb年代學(xué)特征、地球化學(xué)特征的研究,討論興蒙造山帶的演化,對闡明西伯利亞板塊與華北板塊之間的古亞洲洋碰撞閉合時間具有重要的意義。
研究區(qū)位于松嫩—張廣才嶺地塊的東緣,西伯利亞板塊與華北板塊之間的興蒙造山帶東段(圖1)[9-11]。古生代期間,經(jīng)歷了古亞洲洋的演化和多陸塊的拼合,研究區(qū)未出露松嫩—張廣才嶺地塊基底巖系;在晚石炭世開始進(jìn)入盆地發(fā)展階段,形成了上石炭統(tǒng)唐家屯組火山碎屑巖沉積建造,代表張裂環(huán)境下的陸緣海盆形成階段。晚石炭世—早二疊世沉積了陸相湖侵—湖退沉積旋回的楊木崗組,代表裂陷早期拉張作用增強(qiáng)階段;在中二疊世沉積了濱?!獪\海相的土門嶺組。晚中生代以來,研究區(qū)進(jìn)入太平洋構(gòu)造域演化階段,表現(xiàn)為板內(nèi)盆嶺構(gòu)造發(fā)育階段,晚侏羅世形成了NE向的帽兒山組陸相火山斷陷盆地。早白堊世以巖漿噴發(fā)為主,形成了寧遠(yuǎn)村組陸相火山斷陷盆地。研究區(qū)的侵入巖可分為海西期侵入巖類和燕山期侵入巖類,海西期侵入巖的巖性主要有輝長閃長巖、花崗巖、花崗閃長巖和白崗巖;燕山期侵入巖主要為晚三疊世—早侏羅世花崗閃長巖、三疊世—早侏羅世二長花崗巖、晚三疊世—早侏羅世鉀長花崗巖、晚三疊世—早侏羅世花崗斑巖。
作者對出露于松嫩—張廣才嶺地塊紅星屯地區(qū)的海西期鉀長花崗巖進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查,發(fā)現(xiàn)海西期鉀長花崗巖侵入上石炭統(tǒng)唐家屯組,唐家屯組流紋巖可見紅褐色烘烤邊。在探槽中見早侏羅世花崗斑巖侵入海西期鉀長花崗巖,接觸部位的細(xì)粒鉀長花崗巖變紅。在野外露頭可見中二疊統(tǒng)土門嶺組大理巖不整合于海西期鉀長花崗巖之上。紅星屯巖體主要巖石類型為細(xì)粒鉀長花崗巖,巖石風(fēng)化面呈灰褐色,新鮮面呈肉紅色,細(xì)粒花崗結(jié)構(gòu),塊狀構(gòu)造。巖石由鉀長石(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為60%±)、斜長石(6%±)、石英(33%±)和黑云母(1%)組成。鉀長石:半自形板狀—他形粒狀,簡單雙晶,條紋結(jié)構(gòu);多條紋長石,晶面略臟,弱黏土化,粒徑0.2~1.9 mm;斜長石:半自形板狀,聚片雙晶較窄,卡鈉復(fù)合雙晶,多更長石,弱黏土化,具破裂現(xiàn)象,粒徑0.4~2.0 mm;石英:他形粒狀,波狀消光,粒徑0.2~1.6 mm,個別可達(dá)2.7 mm;黑云母:褐色片狀,多色性明顯,Ng’顯深褐色,Np’顯淺褐黃色,晶體具綠泥石化,粒徑0.16~0.72 mm。
紅星屯巖體樣品的地球化學(xué)分析結(jié)果見表1。紅星屯巖體SiO2質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)(w)為74.70%~75.70%,平均為75.24%,含量較高,為酸性巖。Al2O3質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為12.07%~13.18%,CaO為0.37%~1.79%,TiO2(0.07%~0.14%)和P2O5(0.04%~0.43%)含量較低,全堿(Na2O+K2O)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為7.78%~8.09%。A/CNK值為0.88~1.12,具有I型花崗巖的特征。里特曼指數(shù)(δ)為1.85~2.06,為鈣堿性花崗巖,TFeO/(TFeO+MgO)值為0.74%~0.90%,為富鐵。在K2O-SiO2圖解(圖2)中落在高鉀鈣堿性系列區(qū)域內(nèi),屬于高鉀鈣堿性花崗巖;在鋁質(zhì)-準(zhǔn)鋁質(zhì)花崗巖判別圖解中(圖3),樣品落入準(zhǔn)鋁-過鋁質(zhì)區(qū)域。
稀土元素總質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù) (w∑REE)為96.32×10-6
表1 紅星屯巖體主元素(w/%)、痕量元素(w/10-6)和稀土元素(w/10-6)分析結(jié)果
(續(xù)表1)
圖2 紅星屯巖體K2O-SiO2圖解Fig.2 K2O-SiO2 diagram of Hongxing village intrusions
圖3 紅星屯巖體A/CNK-A/NK圖解Fig.3 A/CNK-A/NK diagram of Hongxing village intrusions
~172.83×10-6,輕稀土元素質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)(wLREE)為85.83×10-6~157.86×10-6,重稀土元素(wHREE)為10.49×10-6~15.40×10-6,輕重稀土比值(wLREE/wHREE)為8.18~10.55,Eu負(fù)異常0.21~0.77,輕重稀土分餾程度強(qiáng)(wLa/wYb)N=10.71~11.88。海西期鉀長花崗巖具有相對富集輕稀土、虧損重稀土元素的右傾型稀土元素分配曲線特征(圖4)。在痕量元素原始地幔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化蛛網(wǎng)圖(圖5)中,富集大離子親石元素K、Rb,相對虧損Ba、Sr。高場強(qiáng)元素Zr、Th含量較高,Ta、P、Ti含量較低,其中P和Ti的虧損表明巖漿經(jīng)歷了黑云母、榍石、角閃石及磷灰石等含P、Ti礦物的分離結(jié)晶。
圖4 紅星屯巖體稀土元素球粒隕石標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化分布型式圖Fig.4 Primitive mantle-normalized trace element distribution of the Hongxing village intrusions據(jù)李懷坤等(2009) [12]
圖5 紅星屯巖體痕量元素原始地幔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化圖解Fig.5 Chondrite-normalized REE distribution pattern of Hongxing village intrusions作圖方法據(jù)J.Pearce等(1984) [13]
本文同位素測齡樣品(樣號P2LT29)在研究區(qū)中東部秋皮溝東采石場內(nèi)采取,樣品新鮮,無風(fēng)化現(xiàn)象,呈肉紅色,樣品質(zhì)量13 kg。在河北省地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)局廊坊實(shí)驗(yàn)室用常規(guī)方法從樣品中分離鋯石,分離出鋯石顆粒較多,保證了用于U-Pb年代學(xué)測試的鋯石質(zhì)量。在北京離子探針中心制靶后,在天津地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)研究所進(jìn)行LA-ICP-MS測齡,檢測依據(jù)為DZ/T0184.3-1997,激光斑束直徑為35 μm,頻率為8~10 Hz。激光剝蝕物質(zhì)以He為載氣送入NEPTUNE質(zhì)譜儀中,數(shù)據(jù)處理采用GLITTER(ver 4.0),樣品的加權(quán)平均年齡計(jì)算及諧和圖的繪制采用ISOPLOT程序,具體方法見參考文獻(xiàn)[12]。鋯石晶體長90~200 μm,寬40~90 μm,大部分呈自形—半自形的粒狀或長柱狀,具有典型的巖漿振蕩生長環(huán)帶(圖6)。鋯石wTh/wU比值為0.38~1.57,暗示其具有巖漿成因的特點(diǎn)。共對25個鋯石顆粒進(jìn)行了LA-MC -ICPMS U-Pb法年齡測定(表2),校正后的有效數(shù)據(jù)24個。在鋯石U-Pb諧和圖中,大多數(shù)樣品位于諧和線上或其附近。4號、5號點(diǎn)鋯石年齡為(401±2) Ma、(316±2) Ma,可能為捕擄的前期鋯石。綜上所述,紅星屯巖體鋯石U-Pb諧和年齡為(298.54±0.86) Ma(MSWD=0.94)(圖7)。
圖6 紅星屯巖體鋯石陰極發(fā)光圖像Fig.6 Cathodoluminescence images of zircons from the Hongxing village intrusions
圖7 紅星屯巖體鋯石的U-Pb年齡諧和圖及加權(quán)平均年齡Fig.7 Concordia diagrams of zircon U-Pb dating results and weighted mean ages of Hongxing village intrusions
紅星屯巖體富鋁、富鐵,A/CNK值為0.88~1.12,屬于高鉀鈣堿性I型花崗巖。從相關(guān)花崗巖構(gòu)造判別圖解中可以看出,在花崗巖類形成環(huán)境的痕量元素wRb-wTa+Yb圖解上,鉀長花崗巖體投影點(diǎn)落入Post-COLG區(qū),即后碰撞花崗巖區(qū)(圖8)。在構(gòu)造環(huán)境SiO2-Al2O3判別圖上,樣品都落在POG(造山后花崗巖)區(qū)內(nèi)(圖9)。在R1-R2圖解上大部分樣品落入造山晚期花崗巖區(qū)內(nèi)(圖10)。
圖8 花崗巖的Rb-(Ta+Yb)圖解Fig.8 Rb-(Ta+Yb) diagram of granites作圖方法據(jù)J.Pearce等(1984) [13]
圖9 構(gòu)造環(huán)境SiO2-Al2O3判別圖解Fig.9 SiO2-Al2O3 diagram for tectonic setting作圖方法據(jù)P.D.Maniar等(1989) [14]
圖10 構(gòu)造環(huán)境R1-R2判別圖Fig.10 R1-R2 diagram for tectonic setting作圖方法據(jù)R.A.Batchelor等(1989) [15]
大興安嶺地區(qū)古生代經(jīng)歷了額爾古納地塊、興安地塊、松嫩地塊和佳木斯地塊之間的碰撞演化過程。它們之間以小或中型洋盆相隔,共同屬于西伯利亞板塊的親緣陸塊[16,17]。隨著古亞洲洋的不斷閉合,這些地塊向華北板塊和西伯利亞板塊之間不斷靠攏并最終發(fā)生碰撞拼合,額爾古納地塊與興安地塊至少在490 Ma以前沿塔源—喜桂圖斷裂閉合[18,19]。而在早石炭世松嫩地塊和額爾古納—興安地塊之間的內(nèi)蒙古中部海槽沿黑河—嫩江—扎賚特縫合帶碰撞拼合,該碰撞拼合帶向西與索倫—賀根山縫合帶相連[20]。近年來有研究表明,中志留世研究區(qū)發(fā)育一套偏鋁質(zhì)鈣堿性火山巖,巖石組合包括閃長巖、花崗巖閃長巖、二長巖,表現(xiàn)出與俯沖有關(guān)的弧火山巖屬性[11]。在早石炭世發(fā)育有鈣堿性閃長巖-花崗閃長巖-二長花崗巖組合,暗示這些巖石形成于板塊碰撞前的洋殼俯沖環(huán)境[21-23]。周長勇發(fā)現(xiàn)有與板塊俯沖作用有關(guān)的輝長巖都可表明在早石炭世松嫩地塊與興安地塊之間存在洋殼俯沖作用[24]。在晚石炭世發(fā)育有高鈣堿性碰撞后成因的I型花崗巖,表明研究區(qū)在晚石炭世興安地塊和松嫩地塊之間的古亞洲洋已經(jīng)閉合[25-27]。同時沿著二連—嫩江—黑河縫合帶發(fā)育有擠壓拼貼造山后伸展環(huán)境下的年齡為290~260 Ma的A花崗巖[28,29]。因此,晚泥盆世—二疊紀(jì)研究區(qū)經(jīng)歷了洋殼俯沖、陸陸碰撞和造山后伸展作用。另外,地層學(xué)研究表明,松嫩地塊在早石炭世火山活動(353~352 Ma B.P.)中伴有洪湖土河組海相沉積[30],晚石炭世轉(zhuǎn)為陸相火山-碎屑沉積(黑龍江地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)局,1993)。
結(jié)合以上分析,在晚泥盆世—早石炭世,古亞洲洋進(jìn)入收縮閉合階段,形成了與洋殼俯沖有關(guān)的巖漿巖。沿賀根山—嫩江縫合線發(fā)現(xiàn)有碰撞拼合的直接產(chǎn)物——藍(lán)片巖,其年齡為344 Ma[31]。在晚石炭世,研究區(qū)形成的紅星屯巖體具有碰撞后花崗巖特征,是在興安地塊和松嫩地塊之間的古亞洲洋閉合后伸展環(huán)境下形成的,其年齡為(298.54±0.86) Ma。
a.黑龍江濱東地區(qū)海西期花崗巖為鉀長花崗巖,屬于高鈣堿性巖系的I型花崗巖。
b.LA-ICP-MS 鋯石U-Pb測齡結(jié)果顯示濱東地區(qū)晚海西期花崗巖的形成年齡為(298.54±0.86) Ma,屬于晚石炭世。
c.該巖石形成于古亞洲洋閉合后,興安地塊和松嫩地塊碰撞拼合后的伸展作用。
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Geochronology of the Hercynian potash feldspar granite and its geological significance in East Harbin, China
NIU Yan-hong1, ZHOU Zhi-guang2, NIU Wen-zhi2, WANG Guo-sheng2, ZHAO Xiao-qi2, LI Hong-ying2, LI Jia-liang2
1.QiqiharBranch,ResearchInstituteofRegionalGeologicalSurveyofHelongjiang,Haerbin150036,China; 2.SchoolofEarthSciencesandResources,ChinaUniversityofGeosciences,Beijing100083,China
The flesh pink fine-grained alkali-feldspar granites widely occur in East Harbin with unknown emplacement time. Study of chronology and geochemistry of these rocks are conducted in order to provide new evidence for discussion of the tectonic evolution of Xing’an Mongolia Orogenic Belt or Paleo-Asian Ocean. Alkali-feldspar granite is mainly composed of perthite, plagioclase, quartz and biotite and they are e rich in SiO2(the mass fraction is 74.70%~75.70%), Al2O3(12.07%~13.18%) and alkali (Na2O+K2O=7.78%~8.09%), with ratios of K2O/Na2O=0.93%~1.60% and Litman index of 1.85~2.06. The concentrations of REE range from 96.32×10-6to 172.83×10-6with remarkable negative Eu anomaly (δEu=0.21~0.77) and A/CNK ratio of 0.88~1.12, characteristic of high-K calc-alkaline granite. It indicates that the magma is originated from an extensional setting induced by post-orogenic collapse of the lithosphere. Zircon U-Pb dating yields age of 298.54±0.86 Ma (MSWD=0.94) and constrains the emplacement time of the granite to late Carboniferous period. It is considered that the alkali-feldspar granites generated under the extensional setting related to the collision between Xing’an and Songnen Blocks after the closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean.
Harbin; alkali feldspar granite; zircon U-Pb dating; Hercynian; geological significance
10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2016.05.05
1671-9727(2016)05-0555-09
2015-01-17。
中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局項(xiàng)目(1212011220465, 12011120700)。
牛延宏(1964-),男,高級工程師,從事區(qū)域地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)調(diào)查工作, E-mail:niuyanhong6699@163.com。
P588.121
A