文/顧春玲
完形填空解題技巧例析
文/顧春玲
此類題型的設(shè)置一般為單詞或短語的復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換或反義詞、代詞的判斷。
1.單詞復(fù)現(xiàn)
【中考真題1】(2015年北京卷,保留原題號)Even if Dad came back,it wouldn’t be much fun playing31in the dark.Paul walked into his room and threw his baseball into the corner.
31.A.baseballB.cardsC.chessD.toys
解析:根據(jù)省略的原文可知,因?yàn)榕c父親約好5∶30左右一起去打棒球,可父親到近7∶00還沒回,保羅很不高興地返回房間把棒球丟到角落里。由此可推斷,前一句為保羅的心理活動(dòng):即使父親這時(shí)候回來,天已經(jīng)黑了,打棒球也沒什么意思了。考生只要關(guān)注到了下文中的baseball,第31題的答案就很明顯了,選baseball。
2.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換或句子釋義
【中考真題2】(2015年北京卷,保留原題號)The next day at school,Paul didn’t hand in his homework and 34a test.Mrs.Green,his teacher,asked him to stay after school.“Paul,you didn’t do your homework.You didn’t pass the test and only got a D...
Paul just sat there35.“Paul,if you don’t want to talk,I will....”
34.A.madeB.missedC.faildD.chose
35.A.cheerfullyB.comfortablyB.hopefullyD.quietly
解析:第34題下文中老師的話語You didn’t pass the test實(shí)質(zhì)上就是34題failed a test的同義句表達(dá)。看懂了這一句,failed就很容易選擇了。第35題下文中老師說if you don’t want to talk,I will,說明保羅當(dāng)時(shí)只是默默地坐在那里,所以填入quietly。
3.反義詞
【中考真題3】(2015年龍巖卷,保留原題號)In some ways American families are verydifferent from Chinese ones,and in other ways they are46.
46.A.too muchB.all rightC.the same
解析:根據(jù)前半句in some ways,very different from與后半句and in other ways可知,前后之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以此空填different的反義詞the same。
4.代詞
【中考真題4】(2015年長沙卷,保留原題號)At that moment my memory seemed to stop.I felt39going up,like riding a fast lift,and then another drop and... Finally,I stopped in the air.
39.A.themselvesB.himselfC.myself
解析:句子為描述作者在蹦極過程中的感受。文中my和兩次提到的主語I均可成為第39空答案myself的思維引導(dǎo)詞。
此類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是,其中某一個(gè)或幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)代入空白處會使句意不通或嚴(yán)重違背上下句意義的銜接,或直接與短文內(nèi)容不符,做題時(shí)要準(zhǔn)確把握各選項(xiàng)的詞義。
【中考真題5】(2015年北京卷,保留原題號)As Paul ended the call,he felt much relaxed.He didn’t know whether his dad would be different,but it didn’t matter. He himself40.He expressed his feelings to the right person.He had a clear head as he was doing his homework that evening.
40.A.regrettedB.complainedC.insistedD.changed
解析:這是文章的最后一段,保羅接受老師的建議打電話向爸爸訴說心聲后,自己的情緒得到了釋放,心境發(fā)生了很大的變化,從而升華了全文的主題。再結(jié)合前文“他不知道爸爸會不會有什么不一樣,但那沒關(guān)系”和后文他能夠“頭腦清醒地寫作業(yè)了”,說明他自己已經(jīng)“改變”了。答案選D。
【中考真題6】(2015年天津卷,保留原題號)Do you ever watch old movies?Maybe you will see one with Carole Lombard.She was a famous41in the 1930s.She died when she was only 34.In her42life,she made 70 movies!
41.A.nurseB.actressC.doctorD.teacher
42.A.shortB.lazyC.longD.humorous
解析:根據(jù)文章的開篇句可知,她是一名女演員,所以第41題答案為B。從文中She died when she was only 34.可以看出,她的一生較短暫,不難得出第42題答案為A。
【中考真題7】(2015年江西卷,保留原題號)To eat less meat,people will need to change their eating habits.That will not be45.Americans,for example,have
46loved meat.In general,they eat twice as much meat as people in other countries.
45.A.importantB.hardC.easyD.necessary
46.A.neverB.seldomC.hardlyD.always
解析:根據(jù)首句句意“要少吃肉,人們就需要改變他們的飲食習(xí)慣”,后句又以美國人的生活習(xí)慣為例,說明改變生活習(xí)慣不容易,所以第45空填easy。由于“美國人的食肉量通常是其他國家人們的兩倍”,說明他們吃肉的頻率相當(dāng)高,因此,第46題選D。
此類題的設(shè)空特點(diǎn)是,把各選項(xiàng)代入空格中,上下文之間就可能為因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系等。做題時(shí),要仔細(xì)分析上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系。如:
【中考真題8】(2015年紹興卷,試題的第3、4段,保留原題號)The doctor told the boy’s mother that19the lower part of his body was seriously burnt,he couldn’t use his legs anymore.However,the20boy made up his mind that he would walk. Unluckily his thin legs21hung there,all but lifeless.
19.A.whenB.unlessC.beforeD.because
20.A.honestB.braveC.worriedD.calm
21.A.justB.alsoC.onceD.ever
22.A.schoolB.yardC.hospitalD.square
23.A.everythingB.anythingC.somethingD.nothing
24.A.strongB.simpleC.strangeD.similar
解析:文章為一篇?jiǎng)?lì)志文章。記敘的是一次意外的火災(zāi)導(dǎo)致小男孩雙腿殘疾無法行走。但是憑借他鋼鐵般的決心與毅力,他不僅能走路了,而且在麥迪遜廣場花園打破了一英里賽的世界紀(jì)錄。小男孩下半身被嚴(yán)重?zé)齻麨閔e couldn’t use his legs anymore的原因,所以第19空填because。由上下文所記敘的情況推知,盡管醫(yī)生告知其母親他不能用雙腿走路了,可是小男孩還是下定決心要走路,說明他是一個(gè)勇敢(面對困難與挑戰(zhàn))的男孩,第20空填brave。第21空的選擇要根據(jù)上下文,關(guān)注unluckily一詞的使用。Unluckily意為“不幸的是”,說明現(xiàn)實(shí)的情況讓小男孩事與愿違,“他的那條細(xì)腿只是吊在那里,完整卻毫無生命力”,所以這一空選擇just。文章第4段記敘的是他從醫(yī)院回家后的情況,可知第22空填hospital。再根據(jù)“盡管他的母親每天為他按壓雙腿,可是他的雙腿依舊沒有知覺,無法控制”,可以推斷這一切努力沒有換來任何好轉(zhuǎn)的結(jié)局,所以第23空填nothing。最后,根據(jù)文章的主旨大意,這個(gè)意志力極其堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的男孩不會輕言放棄。他堅(jiān)持要走路的決心依舊是那么堅(jiān)定,所以第24空選填strong來修飾determination。
這類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是,針對全文內(nèi)容,在文章結(jié)尾進(jìn)行主旨大意的概括性表述。做這類題時(shí),考生應(yīng)瀏覽全文,領(lǐng)悟文章的主旨大意后再準(zhǔn)確作答。
【中考真題9】(2015年重慶卷,保留原題號)Finally,we got home.We rushed into our children’s bedroom.Seeing our two children,I suddenly realized the truth:there is no50sight in the world than your children’s faces that greet you at home.
50.A.quieterB.richerC.sweeterD.wider
解析:文章記敘作者和丈夫在巴黎游玩,開心享受美景時(shí),聽說兒子摔斷了腿,然后匆忙趕回家。這時(shí)作者才意識到,世界上沒有比在家迎接孩子們的臉更美的風(fēng)景了。這一段為全文的結(jié)尾段,概括了全文的主旨大意并升華了主題??忌挥性谧x懂了全文并領(lǐng)會到作者作為母親的頓悟之后,才能順利選擇正確答案C。
解答此類題時(shí),要注意句子的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及固定短語結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。
【中考真題10】(2015年福州卷)My Mom i______sher mid-seventies,and her rough hands are still doing things for my family and me.
A.onB.inC.at
解析:考查固定搭配“in one’s+數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式”,表示“某人……多少歲”。此題意為:“我媽七十五六歲了,她粗糙的手還在為家人和我做著事情?!贝鸢笧锽。
【中考真題11】(2015年安徽卷,保留原題號)But the air hostess was57busy that she forgot to bring him the water.58,the passenger couldn’t take his medicine on time.
57.A.veryB.tooC.quiteD.so
58.A.With her helpB.As a result
C.On the one handD.To tell the truth
解析:第57題考查“so...that...”短語,而第58題考查對上下文的理解和對這四個(gè)短語的識記。With her help“在她的幫助下”,As a result“因此;所以”,On the one hand“一方面”,To tell the truth“說實(shí)話”。根據(jù)句意,前后為因果關(guān)系,所以選擇As a result。答案為B。
【中考真題12】(2015年北京卷)When Paul got home,he____his dad.But there was no answer.Then it went to voicemail(語音信箱).
A.sawB.thankedC.calledD.greeted
解析:根據(jù)常識可以判斷出,保羅給爸爸打了電話但沒有人接,于是轉(zhuǎn)到了語音信箱,所以第37題填called。
【中考真題13】(2015年哈爾濱卷)It’sfor us to be with our family and friends for ever.
A.possibleB.impossibleC.impolite
解析:由常識可推測答案為impossible,因?yàn)橐肋h(yuǎn)與我們的家人和朋友在一起是不可能的。【中考真題14】(2015年溫州卷)From the cheering of the crowd,I was sure we had
________.
A.arrivedB.finishedC.succeededD.regretted
解析:從前半句的cheering of the crowd可推斷出,作者和他妹妹的表演成功了,所以填succeeded。答案為C。
Finally he home from the22.Every day his mother would press his little legs,but there was no feeling,no control,23.Yet his determination that he would walk was as24as ever.
責(zé)任編輯:李丁文