滕向龍 郭景泉 鄒武軍
浙江省麗水市人民醫(yī)院肛腸外科,浙江麗水323000
ω-3多不飽和脂肪酸對結(jié)直腸癌根治術(shù)患者的炎癥、營養(yǎng)、免疫功能及預(yù)后的影響機(jī)制研究
滕向龍郭景泉鄒武軍
浙江省麗水市人民醫(yī)院肛腸外科,浙江麗水323000
目的探討ω-3多不飽和脂肪酸對結(jié)直腸癌根治術(shù)患者的炎癥、營養(yǎng)、免疫功能及預(yù)后的影響。方法收集2014年6月~2016年1月在本院完成結(jié)直腸癌手術(shù)根治術(shù)的患者80例,按照簡單隨機(jī)表分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對照組,每組40例,兩組患者于結(jié)直腸癌手術(shù)根治術(shù)后第1天開始接受至少連續(xù)1周的PN支持,對照組單純予中/長鏈脂肪乳劑1.2 g/(kg·d),實(shí)驗(yàn)組在予中/長鏈脂肪乳1.0 g/(kg·d)的基礎(chǔ)上加用10%魚油脂肪乳劑100 mL,連續(xù)1周。比較兩組治療前后營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)TP、ALB、TF、免疫功能指標(biāo)CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、炎癥指標(biāo)CRP水平的變化情況,同時(shí)對兩組患者的預(yù)后進(jìn)行對比分析。結(jié)果治療后實(shí)驗(yàn)組TP、ALB水平明顯高于對照組,TF水平明顯低于對照組(P<0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+明顯高于對照組(P<0.05),實(shí)驗(yàn)組治療后的CRP水平顯著低于對照組(P<0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組肛門恢復(fù)排氣時(shí)間顯著快于對照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論ω-3多不飽和脂肪酸用于結(jié)直腸癌根治術(shù)后可以抑制炎癥反應(yīng),提高患者的營養(yǎng)水平、改善患者的免疫功能及預(yù)后,降低術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率,值得廣泛推廣和應(yīng)用。
結(jié)直腸癌;ω-3多不飽和脂肪酸;炎癥;營養(yǎng);免疫功能;預(yù)后
目前手術(shù)仍為結(jié)直腸癌臨床治療的首選方法,但手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷大、術(shù)后由于長時(shí)間禁食及應(yīng)激反應(yīng)使機(jī)體處于免疫抑制狀態(tài)及過度炎癥反應(yīng),從而影響機(jī)體組織和器官的功能,術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率和病死率也顯著增加[1-4]。尋找一種藥物以改善患者的免疫營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)、降低術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率和病死率是目前臨床醫(yī)生關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。ω-3多不飽和脂肪酸(ω-3PUFAs)是近年來臨床廣泛應(yīng)用的一種免疫增強(qiáng)素,是機(jī)體必需脂肪酸,包括二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA),具有抗血栓、降血脂、降血壓、抗動(dòng)脈硬化、抑制炎癥反應(yīng)的作用[5-7]。流行病學(xué)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),ω-3PUFAs對于前列腺癌、乳腺癌、結(jié)直腸癌等的發(fā)生、發(fā)展具有顯著地抑制作用[8-10]。體外細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)[11]和動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)[12]也證實(shí)ω-3PUFAs對多種腫瘤和腫瘤細(xì)胞具有抑制或殺傷作用。因此,本研究旨在探討ω-3多不飽和脂肪酸對結(jié)直腸癌根治術(shù)患者的炎癥、營養(yǎng)、免疫功能及預(yù)后的影響機(jī)制研究,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1研究對象
收集2014年6月~2016年1月在本院完成結(jié)直腸癌手術(shù)根治術(shù)的患者80例,其中男46例,女34例,年齡42~80歲,平均(62.2±11.9)歲。均經(jīng)病理檢查證實(shí),無代謝性和免疫性疾?。桓文I功能正常;未行脾切除;術(shù)前未進(jìn)行免疫、化療和放療。根據(jù)病理診斷與納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選擇患者80例,按照簡單隨機(jī)表分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對照組,每組40例,兩組患者的性別、年齡、病程等一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2治療方法
兩組患者于結(jié)直腸癌手術(shù)根治術(shù)后第1天開始接受至少連續(xù)1周的PN支持,按熱量104.6 kJ(25 kcal)/(kg·d),氮量0.20 g/(kg·d)經(jīng)中心靜脈輸注,并補(bǔ)充足量的維生素、電解質(zhì)和微量元素。對照組單純予中/長鏈脂肪乳劑1.2 g/(kg·d),實(shí)驗(yàn)組在予中/長鏈脂肪乳1.0 g/(kg·d)的基礎(chǔ)上加用10%魚油脂肪乳劑(尤文,華瑞制藥公司)100 mL,連續(xù)1周。兩組于PN期間均禁食。
1.3評價(jià)指標(biāo)
分別于手術(shù)治療前及治療后檢測血清總蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、轉(zhuǎn)鐵蛋白(TF)及T細(xì)胞亞群(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+)和炎癥反應(yīng)指標(biāo)C-反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)。同時(shí)觀察患者的并發(fā)癥、肛門恢復(fù)排氣時(shí)間。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),計(jì)數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料以(±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1兩組患者治療前后炎癥指標(biāo)CRP水平比較
治療前實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對照組CRP水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.182,P>0.05),治療后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對照組CRP水平均較治療前顯著降低(P<0.05),且實(shí)驗(yàn)組治療后的CRP水平顯著低于對照組(t=3.236,P<0.05)。見表1。
表1 兩組患者治療前后炎癥指標(biāo)CRP水平比較(±s,mg/L)
表1 兩組患者治療前后炎癥指標(biāo)CRP水平比較(±s,mg/L)
組別n治療前治療后t值P實(shí)驗(yàn)組對照組40 40 35.92±6.49 36.15±4.23 8.05±2.03 13.34±5.23 21.342 16.863<0.05<0.05
2.2兩組患者治療前后各項(xiàng)營養(yǎng)狀況指標(biāo)比較
治療前實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對照組營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)TP、ALB、TF比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對照組的營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)TP、ALB水平明顯升高,TF水平明顯降低;治療后兩組TP、ALB、TF營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)比較,結(jié)果顯示實(shí)驗(yàn)組營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)TP、ALB水平明顯高于對照組(t=5.23、3.71,P<0.05),TF水平明顯低于對照組(t=2.03,P<0.05)。見表2。
表2 兩組患者治療前后各項(xiàng)營養(yǎng)狀況指標(biāo)比較(±s)
表2 兩組患者治療前后各項(xiàng)營養(yǎng)狀況指標(biāo)比較(±s)
組別n TP(g/L)ALB(g/L)TF(mg/L)實(shí)驗(yàn)組40對照組40治療前治療后治療前治療后51.37±4.53 61.97±6.32 52.55±6.31 56.34±4.98 29.85±5.23 34.11±6.67 29.89±6.91 32.67±4.26 1.85±0.73 1.23±0.68 1.91±0.55 1.46±0.39
2.3兩組患者治療前后各項(xiàng)免疫功能指標(biāo)比較
治療前實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對照組免疫功能指標(biāo)CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對照組的CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/ CD8+明顯升高;治療后兩組免疫功能指標(biāo)CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+比較,結(jié)果顯示實(shí)驗(yàn)組的免疫功能指標(biāo)CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+明顯高于對照組(t=3.342、3.807、2.351,P<0.05),實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對照組治療后CD8+較治療前未見明顯變化,實(shí)驗(yàn)組治療后CD8+與對照組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.183,P>0.05)。見表3。
表3 兩組患者治療前后各項(xiàng)免疫功能指標(biāo)比較(±s)
表3 兩組患者治療前后各項(xiàng)免疫功能指標(biāo)比較(±s)
CD3+CD4+CD8+CD4+/CD8+組別n實(shí)驗(yàn)組40對照組40治療前治療后治療前治療后54.02±7.23 64.83±6.08 53.42±5.14 60.23±4.22 31.88±5.73 38.23±4.32 31.01±6.91 33.93±5.87 21.35±3.59 22.34±2.53 21.85±2.65 22.83±3.12 1.08±0.44 1.62±0.64 1.11±0.53 1.23±0.53
表4 兩組患者不良反應(yīng)、并發(fā)癥、肛門恢復(fù)排氣時(shí)間比較
2.4兩組患者不良反應(yīng)、并發(fā)癥、肛門恢復(fù)排氣時(shí)間比較
實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者術(shù)后1周心、肺、肝、腎等器官功能均未出現(xiàn)呼吸、循環(huán)、腎衰竭,其中,實(shí)驗(yàn)組出現(xiàn)吻合口瘺、腹腔或切口感染各1例,顯著少于對照組(P<0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組肛門恢復(fù)排氣時(shí)間顯著快于對照組(t=13.236,P<0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組PN支持不良反應(yīng)結(jié)果顯示,實(shí)驗(yàn)組體溫升高、腹脹、腹瀉、惡心、嘔吐、皮疹和血壓升高均顯著少于對照組(P<0.05)。見表4。
結(jié)直腸癌患者營養(yǎng)狀況和免疫功能低下,加之行大范圍的根治性切除治療,使機(jī)體處于免疫抑制、過度炎癥反應(yīng)狀態(tài)、預(yù)后較差。因此,對結(jié)直腸癌行根治性手術(shù)治療后,糾正患者機(jī)體的全身免疫、營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)及改善患者的預(yù)后成為國內(nèi)外研究的重點(diǎn)之一[13]。
ω-3多不飽和脂肪酸(omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,ω-3PUFAs)是一類第1不飽和雙鍵出現(xiàn)在碳鏈甲基端第3位碳原子上的多不飽和脂肪酸,主要成分包括α-亞麻酸(A L A)、二十碳五烯酸(E P A)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)。ω-3多不飽和脂肪酸是近年來被廣泛用于圍手術(shù)期營養(yǎng)支持,不僅具有改善機(jī)體營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)的功能、還具有調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)體的炎癥反應(yīng)、免疫功能的作用[14-17]。
本研究將80例結(jié)直腸癌手術(shù)根治術(shù)的患者分為兩組,對照組予中/長鏈脂肪乳劑1.2 g/(kg·d),實(shí)驗(yàn)組在對照組的基礎(chǔ)上加用10%魚油脂肪乳劑治療1周,結(jié)果顯示,實(shí)驗(yàn)組治療后的CRP水平顯著低于對照組(P<0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組TP、ALB水平明顯高于對照組,TF水平明顯低于對照組(P<0.05)。與劉流等[18]報(bào)道的觀點(diǎn)相符,說明ω-3多不飽和脂肪酸用于結(jié)直腸癌根治術(shù)后除了具有提高營養(yǎng)水平的作用外,還具有抑制炎癥反應(yīng)的作用,其作用機(jī)制主要是通過有效競爭細(xì)胞膜上的多不飽和脂肪酸,減少致炎活性高的物質(zhì)的合成,從而有效減輕或抑制術(shù)后及創(chuàng)傷后機(jī)體的炎癥反應(yīng)。也有研究證明,其通過影響細(xì)胞膜的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)功能而減少促炎因子的釋放,如通過抑制NF-κB的降解而抑制NF-κB信號(hào)通路和炎癥因子的釋放。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),ω-3多不飽和脂肪酸還可以通過調(diào)節(jié)免疫細(xì)胞的膜脂質(zhì)介質(zhì)來實(shí)現(xiàn)免疫應(yīng)答,促進(jìn)CD4、CD8 T淋巴細(xì)胞增殖,提高多種細(xì)胞因子和趨化因子的分泌而提高機(jī)體的免疫功能,增強(qiáng)機(jī)體的免疫系統(tǒng)的作用[19]。本研究表3證實(shí),實(shí)驗(yàn)組的CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+明顯高于對照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),與李群珍等[20]報(bào)道的觀點(diǎn)是一致的,說明ω-3多不飽和脂肪酸用于結(jié)直腸癌根治術(shù)后可以改善患者的免疫狀態(tài),增強(qiáng)機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)的功能[21]。
同時(shí)本研究對兩組患者的術(shù)后恢復(fù)情況及預(yù)后進(jìn)行對比分析,結(jié)果顯示實(shí)驗(yàn)組術(shù)后不良反應(yīng)及并發(fā)癥顯著少于對照組,且實(shí)驗(yàn)組肛門恢復(fù)排氣時(shí)間顯著快于對照組,說明ω-3多不飽和脂肪酸用于結(jié)直腸癌根治術(shù)后可以減少并發(fā)癥,促進(jìn)腸功能恢復(fù)及改善預(yù)后。
綜上,本文認(rèn)為,ω-3多不飽和脂肪酸用于結(jié)直腸癌根治術(shù)后效果好,具有減輕手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷應(yīng)激后機(jī)體炎癥反應(yīng),提高患者的營養(yǎng)水平、改善患者的免疫功能及預(yù)后,降低術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率及促進(jìn)腸功能恢復(fù)的作用,值得推廣和應(yīng)用。
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Study on influencing mechanism ofω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on inflammation,nutrition,immune function and prognosis in colorectal cancer patients undergoing radical operation
TENG Xianglong GUO Jingquan ZOU Wujun
Department of Anorectal Surgery,Lishui People's Hospital in Zhejiang Province,Lishui 323000,China
Objective To explore the effects ofω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on inflammation,nutrition,immune function and prognosis in colorectalcancer patients undergoing radical operation.Methods Eighty patients with colorectal cancer who were given radical surgery from June 2014 to January 2016 were collected.According to a simple randomized table,they were assigned to the experiment group and the control group,with 40 patients in each group.Two groups of patients were given PN support for at least 1 week on Day 1 after radical operation of colorectal cancer.The control group was simply given medium/long chain fat emulsion of 1.2 g/(kg·d),and the experiment group was given 10%fish oil fat emulsion(100 mL for 1 week)on the basis of the medium/long chain fat emulsion of 1.0 g/(kg·d).Nutritional indices of TP,ALB and TF,and immune function indices of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+were compared before and after treatment in both groups.Results The levels of TP and ALB in the experiment group were significantly higher than those in the control group,and the level of TF was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of CD3+,CD4+and CD4+/CD8+in the experiment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05),and the CRP level in the experiment group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The recovery time of anus in the experiment group was significantly faster than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of colorectal cancer after radical operation can inhibit inflammatory reactions,improve patients'nutritional level,improve the immune function and prognosis,and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications,which is worthy of wide promotion and application.
Colorectal cancer;ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids;Inflammation;Nutrition;Immune function;Prognosis
R735.35
A
1673-9701(2016)29-0013-04
浙江省麗水市科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2014JYZB17)
(2016-05-12)