孫雪萍,徐 艷,劉布鳴
(1.廣西壯族自治區(qū)中醫(yī)藥研究院,廣西中藥質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,廣西南寧 530022;2.廣西壯族自治區(qū)海洋研究所海洋生物技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,廣西北海 536000)
白骨壤果實(shí)抗菌活性部位篩選及低極性成分GC-MS分析*
孫雪萍1,徐 艷2,劉布鳴1
(1.廣西壯族自治區(qū)中醫(yī)藥研究院,廣西中藥質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,廣西南寧 530022;2.廣西壯族自治區(qū)海洋研究所海洋生物技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,廣西北海 536000)
【目的】研究白骨壤Avicennia mavina (Forsk.) Vierh.果實(shí)的抗菌活性部位及其有效成分?!痉椒ā恳?株致病菌為抗菌活性部位篩選模型,采用有機(jī)溶劑萃取法將白骨壤果實(shí)的乙醇提取物分為石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相和水相等不同極性部位,通過(guò)測(cè)定抑菌圈直徑(Diameter of inhitition zone,DIZ)和最小殺菌濃度(Minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC)進(jìn)行抗菌活性研究,并采用GC-MS技術(shù)對(duì)經(jīng)過(guò)甲酯化后的石油醚相進(jìn)行化學(xué)成分分析。【結(jié)果】白骨壤果實(shí)乙醇提取物的石油醚相對(duì)金黃色葡萄球菌、蠟狀芽孢桿菌和藤黃八疊球菌3株指示菌株表現(xiàn)出一定的抑菌活性;從白骨壤果實(shí)石油醚相中鑒定出19個(gè)化合物,主要為脂肪類,均為首次從白骨壤果實(shí)中鑒定出?!窘Y(jié)論】白骨壤果實(shí)石油醚相具有良好的抗菌活性,其中的脂肪酸類是主要抗菌活性物質(zhì)。
白骨壤果實(shí) 抗菌活性 石油醚相 GC-MS
【研究意義】紅樹植物白骨壤 Avicennia mavina (Forsk.) Vierh.,又名海欖雌[1],為馬鞭草科 Verbenaceae白骨壤屬 Avicennia。該屬植物我國(guó)只有一種,主要分布于福建、廣東、廣西、海南4省及臺(tái)灣、香港、澳門地區(qū)沿海有紅樹林生長(zhǎng)的灘涂。白骨壤果實(shí)俗稱“欖錢”、“海豆”,味甘、微苦、性涼,具有清熱、利尿、涼血敗火的功效,是降壓通血管的民間食療植物[2]。白骨壤果實(shí)全國(guó)年產(chǎn)量在30萬(wàn)t以上,是一種尚未規(guī)模開發(fā)利用的食用、保健和藥用新資源[3],具有較高的學(xué)術(shù)研究?jī)r(jià)值和開發(fā)利用價(jià)值?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】白骨壤果實(shí)含有豐富的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分[4],并含有酚苷類[5-6]和生物堿類等[7]化合物。7種溶劑的白骨壤果實(shí)提取液顯示出一定的自由基清除能力[3]。黃麗莎等[1]對(duì)白骨壤果實(shí)精油化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行了GC-MS分析。高秀梅等[8]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)白骨壤果實(shí)的水提物屬實(shí)際無(wú)毒級(jí)物質(zhì)。熊拯等[9]發(fā)現(xiàn)白骨壤種子總黃酮對(duì)大豆油有一定的抗氧化效果,且具有量效關(guān)系?!颈狙芯壳腥朦c(diǎn)】目前國(guó)內(nèi)外主要是對(duì)紅樹植物枝葉部分化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行研究[2,10-14],對(duì)白骨壤果實(shí)缺乏系統(tǒng)充分的藥效物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)研究?!緮M解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題】對(duì)白骨壤果實(shí)的乙醇提物以及不同極性部位進(jìn)行抗菌活性檢測(cè),研究白骨壤果實(shí)對(duì)6株致病菌的抑制活性,并應(yīng)用GC-MS技術(shù)對(duì)活性部位石油醚相浸膏進(jìn)行甲酯化后的化學(xué)成分分析,為進(jìn)一步研究白骨壤果實(shí)藥效物質(zhì)奠定基礎(chǔ)。
1.1 材料
白骨壤果實(shí)樣品于2014年8月采自廣西北海,由海南東寨港國(guó)家級(jí)紅樹林自然保護(hù)區(qū)管理局鐘榮才副教授鑒定。
5株人體致病菌(指示菌株):大腸桿菌(Escherichia coli)、金黃色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、枯草芽孢桿菌(Bacillus subtilis)、蠟狀芽孢桿菌(Bacillus cereus)、和藤黃八疊球菌(Micrococcus luteus);1株海洋致病菌:副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)。菌株均為海南師范大學(xué)化學(xué)化工學(xué)院鄭彩娟副教授贈(zèng)送。
LB液體培養(yǎng)基和LB平板:根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[15]進(jìn)行制備。
藥品與儀器:甲醇、乙醇、正丁醇、石油醚、乙酸乙酯、二甲基亞砜(DMSO)、氫氧化鉀、無(wú)水硫酸鈉等均為國(guó)產(chǎn)分析純;Thermo Trace GC ultra DSQ Ⅱ色質(zhì)聯(lián)用儀(Thermo公司)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 供試樣品的制備
鮮白骨壤果實(shí)(1.5 kg),經(jīng)95%乙醇(V/V)超聲波提取5次,每次30 min,濃縮提取液得浸膏69.0 g,浸膏用水混懸后,分別用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,減壓濃縮后得到石油醚相(28.0 g),乙酸乙酯相(13.0 g),正丁醇相(17.0 g),剩余水相蒸干得浸膏(5.5 g)。
1.2.2 初篩
初篩采用紙片擴(kuò)散法(Disk-diffusion method)[16-17]測(cè)試抑菌圈直徑(Diameter of inhitition zone,DIZ,mm)。
1.2.3 最小殺菌濃度的測(cè)定
采用試管稀釋法(Tube dilution method)[18-19]測(cè)定初篩有活性的樣品的最小殺菌濃度(Minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC,mg/mL)。
1.2.4 甲酯化處理
取石油醚相浸膏1 g,置于50 mL具塞燒瓶中,加石油醚20 mL使其溶解,加0.4 mol/L KOH-CH3OH溶液10 mL搖勻,置于40℃恒溫水浴1 h,加入20 mL蒸餾水搖勻,靜置待分層清晰后取上層清液,經(jīng)無(wú)水硫酸鈉脫水,過(guò)濾,濾液作為供試品溶液。
1.2.5 GC-MS分析
Thermo Trace GC ultra DSQ Ⅱ色質(zhì)聯(lián)用儀,色譜柱:VF-5MS(30 mm×0.25 mm×0.25 μm);進(jìn)樣量1.0 μL,溶劑延遲2.00 min;分流比為50∶1;載氣為高純He,流速為1.0 mL/min;石油醚相的升溫程序:50℃保持2 min,以5℃/min 升至130℃,保持5 min,再以5℃/min升至300℃,保持10 min。電離源EI;電子能量70 eV;操作系統(tǒng):Xcalibur;譜庫(kù)NIST02。
2.1 5種提取物的抑菌活性
白骨壤果實(shí)5種提取物對(duì)指示菌株的抑菌作用表現(xiàn)不同(表1和表2)。白骨壤果實(shí)乙酸乙酯相對(duì)6株指示菌株表現(xiàn)出較好的抑菌活性;石油醚相對(duì)金黃色葡萄球菌、蠟狀芽孢桿菌和藤黃八疊球菌3株指示菌株表現(xiàn)出一定的抑菌活性;正丁醇相對(duì)大腸桿菌、金黃色葡萄球菌和副溶血弧菌3株指示菌株抑菌活性較弱;乙醇提取物對(duì)4株指示菌株表現(xiàn)出一定的抑菌活性;水相對(duì)指示菌株沒(méi)有明顯的抑菌活性。由此可見(jiàn),白骨壤果實(shí)乙酸乙酯相的抑菌效果最好,其次是石油醚相。
表1 不同提取物的抗菌活性
Table 1 The antimicrobial activity of different extracts against various bacteria
樣品Sample指示菌株抑菌圈直徑DIZofindicatorstrain(mm)金黃色葡萄球菌S.aureus副溶血弧菌V.parahaemolyticus大腸桿菌E.coli蠟狀芽孢桿菌B.cereus枯草芽孢桿菌B.subtilis藤黃八疊球菌M.luteus乙醇提取物Ethanolicextract7―77―6.5石油醚相Petroleumetherfraction8――8―7乙酸乙酯相Ethylacetatefraction888878正丁醇相nButanolfraction778―――水相Aqueousphase――――――
注:抑菌圈直徑以平均值表示,“―”表示無(wú)活性
Note:DIZ expresses in average,“-”means no activity
表2 白骨壤果實(shí)乙醇提取物及各相的最小殺菌濃度
Table 2 The MBC of different extracts against various bacteria
樣品Sample指示菌株最小殺菌濃度(MBC,mg/mL)金黃色葡萄球菌S.aureus副溶血弧菌V.parahaemolyticus大腸桿菌E.coli蠟狀芽孢桿菌B.cereus枯草芽孢桿菌B.subtilis藤黃八疊球菌M.luteus乙醇提取物Ethanolicextract>100/>100100/100石油醚相Petroleumetherfraction50//50/50乙酸乙酯相Ethylacetatefraction255050505025正丁醇相nButanolfraction>100>100100///
注:“>100”表示最小殺菌濃度大于100 mg/mL,“/ ”表示未測(cè)
Note:“>100” means MBC>100 mg/mL,“/”means not detect
2.2 石油醚相甲酯化后的GC-MS分析
在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,利用GC-MS技術(shù)探討石油醚相中抗菌活性物質(zhì)的組成。對(duì)經(jīng)甲酯化處理后的石油醚相進(jìn)行GC-MS分析,得到白骨壤果實(shí)石油醚相總離子流譜(圖1),對(duì)各峰通過(guò) Xcalibur工作站NIST標(biāo)準(zhǔn)質(zhì)譜圖庫(kù)進(jìn)行檢索,用峰面積歸一化法計(jì)算出各組分的相對(duì)百分含量,共鑒定出19個(gè)化合物,占石油醚相總峰面積的77.22%(表3)。石油醚相中主要為低級(jí)性化合物,其中脂肪酸類化合物占總比重的74.06%,主要成分有油酸甲酯(30.30%)、飽和的及不飽和的棕櫚酸甲酯(共26.60%)、硬脂酸甲酯(9.30%)、十一酸甲酯(3.75%)和癸酸甲酯(3.06%)等。
圖1 白骨壤果實(shí)石油醚相氣質(zhì)分析總離子流圖
Fig.1 GC-MS total ion current figure of petroleum ether extract from the fruits of Avicennia mavina
表3 白骨壤果實(shí)石油醚相中低極性化合物GC-MS分析
Table 3 GC-MS analysis of low-polar compounds in the petroleum ether fraction from the fruits ofA.mavina
序號(hào)No.保留時(shí)間(RT,min)化合物Compound相對(duì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)Relativecontent(%)118.44異十六烷2,2,4,4,6,8,8heptamethylnonane0.18220.492苯基丙烯酸甲酯Methyl2phenylprop2enoate0.13322.671,1,1三氟5甲基2,4二庚酮1,1,1trifluoro5methyl2,4henanedione0.17423.68癸酸甲酯Decanoicacidmethylester3.06524.28壬二酸二甲酯Nonanedioicaciddimethylester0.13628.27十一烷酸甲酯Undecanoicacidmethylester3.75729.561乙酰基2,7萘二酚1acetyl2,7naphthalenediol0.24831.6914甲基十五烷酸甲酯14methylpentadecanoicacidmethylester0.13932.01(Z)十六烯酸甲酯Methylpalmitoleate1.301032.66棕櫚酸甲酯Methylhexadecanoate23.001133.9311棕櫚烯酸甲酯15methyl11hexadecenoicacidmethylester1.301235.032甲基4三甲基硅基1丁烯3炔2methyl4trimethylsilyl1buten3yne0.321335.96反油酸甲酯Methyltrans9octadecenoate30.301436.35硬脂酸甲酯Methylstearate9.301537.30棕櫚酸丁酯Butylhexadecanoate1.201638.08癸酸甲酯Methylncaprate1.501740.67硬脂酸丁酯Butylstearate0.281841.71三甲基苯氧基硅Trimethyl(phenoxy)silane0.821947.3410甲基月桂酸甲酯10methyldodecanoicacidmethylester0.11
抗菌實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,白骨壤果實(shí)石油醚相對(duì)其中3株菌都有一定的抑制活性,最小殺菌濃度為50 mg/mL。乙酸乙酯相浸膏抗菌活性也較好,有進(jìn)一步對(duì)其做活性物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)研究的必要性。油醚相甲酯化處理后進(jìn)行GC-MS分析,共鑒定出19個(gè)化合物,為首次從白骨壤果實(shí)中鑒定出,其中油酸和棕櫚酸占50%以上。石油醚相中鑒定出的油酸可以調(diào)節(jié)血脂、預(yù)防腫瘤、改善記憶等,棕櫚酸可以抑制胰島葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白2、胰島素、胰腺十二指腸同源異型盒因子1和rRNA的表達(dá),顯著改善對(duì)胰島的脂毒性作用[20]。研究白骨壤果實(shí)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值和藥理活性,對(duì)開發(fā)相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的高值化利用,提升紅樹林的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值具有重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
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(責(zé)任編輯:陸 雁)
Antibacterial Activities Evaluation and GC-MS Analysis of the Low Polar Components from the Fruits ofAvicenniamavina(Forsk.) Vierh.
SUN Xueping1,XU Yan2,LIU Buming1
(1.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tradtitonal Chinese Medicine Quality Standards,Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi,530022,China;2.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology,Guangxi Institute of Oceanology,Beihai,Guangxi,536000,China)
【Objective】The antibacterial fractions and constituents of the fruits of Avicennia mavina were screened.【Methods】The antibacterial activities of the ethanolic extract and organic fractions of the fruits of Avicennia mavina from the South China Sea were evaluated by diameter of inhitition zone (DIZ) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).And the low-polar compounds in the petroleum ether fraction were also analysed by GC-MS after methyl esterification.【Results】The petroleum ether fraction showed antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus luteus.And 19 compounds were firstly identified from the fruits of Avicennia mavina by GC-MS,most of which were lipids.【Conclusion】It was proposed that lipids should be the main antibacterial substances in the petroleum ether fraction of the fruits of Avicennia mavina.
fruits of Avicennia mavina,antibacterial activity,petroleum ether fraction,GC-MS
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/45.1075.N.20161122.1645.002.html
2016-04-18
孫雪萍(1982-),女,博士,助理研究員,主要從事藥用生物資源研究。
*廣西中藥質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室自主研究課題(桂中重系201509)和廣西自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(2016GXNSFBA380011)資助。
Q949.761.7,R282.77
A
1002-7378(2016)04-0245-05
網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)先數(shù)字出版時(shí)間:2016-11-22 【DOI】10.13657/j.cnki.gxkxyxb.20161122.001