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睡眠障礙對(duì)免疫系統(tǒng)及疾病影響的研究進(jìn)展

2017-01-13 01:42于卉影沈陽(yáng)軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)科遼寧沈陽(yáng)110016
關(guān)鍵詞:免疫系統(tǒng)外周血細(xì)胞因子

楊 冀,于卉影 (沈陽(yáng)軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)科,遼寧沈陽(yáng)110016)

睡眠障礙對(duì)免疫系統(tǒng)及疾病影響的研究進(jìn)展

楊 冀,于卉影 (沈陽(yáng)軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)科,遼寧沈陽(yáng)110016)

由于受到睡眠問(wèn)題困擾的人群逐年增加,因此睡眠與健康問(wèn)題受到了越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注.睡眠在免疫系統(tǒng)調(diào)控中發(fā)揮著重要的作用.夜間睡眠期間,一些免疫細(xì)胞(如適應(yīng)性免疫細(xì)胞)的數(shù)量和促炎性細(xì)胞因子水平達(dá)到峰值,而具有直接效應(yīng)功能的細(xì)胞(如NK細(xì)胞)和抗炎性細(xì)胞因子水平在日間覺(jué)醒時(shí)達(dá)到峰值.而睡眠破壞后,免疫細(xì)胞數(shù)量和活性降低以及炎癥激活,引起免疫防御功能下降,從而導(dǎo)致感染性疾病患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加、疫苗保護(hù)作用降低,以及心血管疾病、代謝性疾病和癌癥的發(fā)病率增加.本文就睡眠障礙對(duì)免疫功能和疾病影響的研究進(jìn)展作一綜述,提出通過(guò)改善睡眠,恢復(fù)機(jī)體免疫功能,進(jìn)而預(yù)防和控制相關(guān)疾病的發(fā)生.

睡眠;睡眠障礙;免疫系統(tǒng);疾病

0 前言

睡眠是機(jī)體消除疲勞所需的一種全休息的狀態(tài)和中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)主動(dòng)產(chǎn)生神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)的過(guò)程,一些研究表明睡眠可以直接參與,或通過(guò)對(duì)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)的影響間接參與對(duì)免疫系統(tǒng)的調(diào)節(jié).與睡眠?覺(jué)醒周期一樣,機(jī)體的免疫系統(tǒng)有一定的節(jié)律性[1-2].睡眠遭到破壞后,機(jī)體內(nèi)分泌失調(diào),免疫系統(tǒng)平衡改變,包括外周血中免疫細(xì)胞數(shù)量和細(xì)胞因子水平發(fā)生變化,導(dǎo)致免疫防御功能降低,機(jī)體病原體易感染性增加[3].動(dòng)物模型研究[4]顯示,在敗血癥模型中,睡眠剝奪小鼠的死亡率明顯增加,這種影響通常歸因于宿主對(duì)病原體的防御機(jī)制的失敗.此外,對(duì)流感病毒免疫接種后的小鼠進(jìn)行睡眠剝奪,再次接觸病毒時(shí)小鼠不能將其肺中病毒進(jìn)行清除[5].除了感染性疾病患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加外,睡眠破壞還可以導(dǎo)致疫苗效用減弱,影響心血管疾病(冠心病、高血壓、腦卒中)、代謝性疾?。ǚ逝趾吞悄虿。┖桶┌Y的發(fā)生和進(jìn)展,及抑郁癥的發(fā)病.此外,在流行病學(xué)研究[6]中已經(jīng)觀察到死亡率與睡眠持續(xù)時(shí)間之間的關(guān)聯(lián),每天睡眠時(shí)間<4 h或>10 h,冠心病和高血壓的全因死亡率增加1.5~2倍.因此,認(rèn)為睡眠在維持機(jī)體正常免疫功能和健康狀況中扮演著調(diào)解者的角色.

1 夜間睡眠在免疫調(diào)節(jié)中具有穩(wěn)態(tài)的作用

地球上幾乎所有的生命都暴露于24 h的晝夜周期中,這種周期的變換導(dǎo)致了生物體由細(xì)胞自主生物鐘驅(qū)動(dòng)的晝夜節(jié)律的演變,使得生物體能夠預(yù)測(cè)并適應(yīng)其環(huán)境的變化.人類晝夜節(jié)律由神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)主時(shí)鐘,下丘腦上的視交叉上核(suprachiasmatic nucleus,SCN)和包括免疫細(xì)胞在內(nèi)的存在于所有細(xì)胞中的外周時(shí)鐘所控制[7].

固有免疫系統(tǒng)和適應(yīng)性免疫系統(tǒng)也受主時(shí)鐘和外周時(shí)鐘的控制,一些免疫參數(shù)呈現(xiàn)節(jié)律性的變化,其中包括外周血細(xì)胞數(shù)或外周器官免疫細(xì)胞數(shù),以及免疫細(xì)胞發(fā)育、遷移、增殖和應(yīng)答等[2].夜間睡眠中,機(jī)體外周血白細(xì)胞、粒細(xì)胞、單核細(xì)胞以及主要淋巴細(xì)胞亞群包括輔助性T細(xì)胞(CD4+)、細(xì)胞毒性T細(xì)胞(CD8+)和B細(xì)胞(CD19+),在傍晚或深夜達(dá)到最大值,然后逐漸下降,在清晨達(dá)到最低值[8].同時(shí),T細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生白細(xì)胞介素?2(interleukin?2,IL?2)及干擾素?γ(interferon?γ,IFN?γ)等Th1型細(xì)胞因子水平增加[9-10],而單核細(xì)胞分泌白細(xì)胞介素?10(interleukin?10,IL?10)和白細(xì)胞介素?4(interleukin?4,IL?4)等Th2型細(xì)胞因子水平下降[11],在慢波睡眠(slow?wave sleep,SWS)期間,上述細(xì)胞因子水平變化尤其顯著,從而有利于Th1/Th2平衡向Th1偏移,細(xì)胞免疫增強(qiáng).此外,成熟抗原提呈細(xì)胞(antigen presenting cell,APC)主要前體細(xì)胞分泌白細(xì)胞介素?12(interleukin?12,IL?12)水平增強(qiáng)[8],IL?12是誘導(dǎo)Th1型適應(yīng)性免疫應(yīng)答的關(guān)鍵細(xì)胞因子.總體來(lái)看,夜間睡眠促進(jìn)免疫應(yīng)答向Th1型免疫應(yīng)答(IFN?γ優(yōu)勢(shì))偏移,在03:00左右或延遲至06:30 Th1型細(xì)胞因子水平達(dá)到峰值[12].

固有免疫系統(tǒng)中,自然殺傷(natural killer,NK)細(xì)胞是機(jī)體抗感染和抗腫瘤的第一道天然防線,其夜間活性的增加依賴于睡眠.外周血NK細(xì)胞數(shù)量和NK細(xì)胞活性在夜間早期階段為最低值,上午達(dá)到最大值.與正常睡眠人群比較,睡眠不足人群的NK細(xì)胞殺傷活性下降約四分之一[13].在19:00和05:00時(shí),循環(huán)外周血中白細(xì)胞介素?6(interleukin?6,IL?6)濃度會(huì)呈現(xiàn)兩個(gè)峰,這種波動(dòng)似乎是由晝夜節(jié)律驅(qū)動(dòng)[14].當(dāng)睡眠剝奪時(shí),IL?6的夜間增加延遲,并且整夜睡眠剝奪可導(dǎo)致IL?6增加程度大約減少50%[15].

人類夜間睡眠期間,兩個(gè)應(yīng)激系統(tǒng),即下丘腦?垂體?腎上腺(hypothalamic?hypophyseal?adrenal,HPA)軸和交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)(sympathetic nervous system,SNS)活性明顯下調(diào),并參與適應(yīng)性免疫和固有免疫的調(diào)節(jié).睡眠期間外周血皮質(zhì)醇、腎上腺素和去甲腎上腺素水平的降低,而促進(jìn)生長(zhǎng)和分化的激素水平急劇增加,如垂體生長(zhǎng)激素、泌乳素和瘦素及松果體激素褪黑等[16].盡管這些激素來(lái)自不同的細(xì)胞,但它們對(duì)免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)揮協(xié)同作用,維持免疫細(xì)胞活化、增殖、分化和促炎性細(xì)胞因子如白細(xì)胞介素?1(interleukin?1,IL?1)、IL?12、腫瘤壞死因子?α(tumor necrosis factor?α,TNF?α)及Th1型細(xì)胞因子如IFN?γ的產(chǎn)生[17].而皮質(zhì)醇和兒茶酚胺則以抗炎的方式抑制這些免疫功能,如INF?γ/IL?10比值的最大值出現(xiàn)在清晨,與血皮質(zhì)醇濃度呈正相關(guān),與褪黑素水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)[12].總之,夜間睡眠支持適應(yīng)性免疫,特別是在夜間的早期階段當(dāng)SWS占主導(dǎo)地位時(shí),即休息早期觸發(fā)促炎細(xì)胞因子的產(chǎn)生,其中Th1細(xì)胞主要通過(guò)釋放IFN?γ來(lái)提高其對(duì)細(xì)胞內(nèi)病毒和細(xì)菌的應(yīng)答及輔助細(xì)胞免疫應(yīng)答,包括巨噬細(xì)胞活化和抗原呈遞.而夜間快速眼動(dòng)睡眠(rapid eye movement sleep,REM)盛行時(shí),免疫系統(tǒng)通過(guò)Th2型免疫應(yīng)答進(jìn)行負(fù)調(diào)控,調(diào)節(jié)Th1/Th2平衡.

睡眠?覺(jué)醒周期“嵌合”在晝夜節(jié)律中,被視為晝夜節(jié)律系統(tǒng)最顯著的表現(xiàn).睡眠剝奪后,睡眠?覺(jué)醒的節(jié)律性被打亂,引起免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)生改變.急性睡眠剝奪(一夜睡眠剝奪)后,受試者外周血白細(xì)胞、中性粒細(xì)胞和NK細(xì)胞的數(shù)量增加,同時(shí)NK細(xì)胞活性暫時(shí)性增加[18],并且還觀察到脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)/Toll樣受體4(Toll?like receptors?4,TLR?4)介導(dǎo)的單核細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生IL?6和/或INF?α增加[19];一夜睡眠片段化后,機(jī)體對(duì)于急性應(yīng)激表現(xiàn)為淋巴細(xì)胞的流動(dòng)性短暫增強(qiáng),提示短期睡眠結(jié)構(gòu)的改變可以引起運(yùn)動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的免疫監(jiān)視作用的提高[20].基于上述研究,推測(cè)急性睡眠剝奪可能引起機(jī)體暫時(shí)性的免疫激活,但是其具體機(jī)制尚不明確.

然而,在實(shí)驗(yàn)性長(zhǎng)期慢性睡眠剝奪受試者外周血中CD16+、CD56+和CD57+NK細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少并且細(xì)胞活性降低,T細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生IL?2和單核細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生IL?12水平下降,IL?2/IL?4比值降低[21].慢性失眠癥患者外周血CD3+、CD4+和CD8+T細(xì)胞數(shù)量下降,IFN?γ/IL?10比值低[22].同樣,長(zhǎng)期進(jìn)行輪班工作人群也表現(xiàn)為外周血NK細(xì)胞活性和NK細(xì)胞數(shù)量降低.以上研究結(jié)果說(shuō)明長(zhǎng)期睡眠剝奪,導(dǎo)致外周血一些免疫細(xì)胞亞群的細(xì)胞數(shù)量下降,Th1/Th2平衡向Th2反應(yīng)偏移.此外,睡眠剝奪除了可造成淋巴細(xì)胞亞群和細(xì)胞因子水平的改變,還導(dǎo)致IgG和某些補(bǔ)體(如C3)水平下降,這種趨勢(shì)隨睡眠剝奪時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而更加顯著[23].如在輪班工作者中,匹茲堡睡眠質(zhì)量指數(shù)(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)評(píng)分越高(表示總體睡眠質(zhì)量越差),外周血IgG、IgM及IL?2的水平越低,且呈負(fù)相關(guān)[24].另外,動(dòng)物研究同樣顯示慢性睡眠剝奪導(dǎo)致小鼠脾重量減輕,抗BSA特異性抗體分泌量下降,外周血中CD3+T細(xì)胞、CD4+T細(xì)胞和CD8+T細(xì)胞,以及脾中的B細(xì)胞、NK和NKT細(xì)胞數(shù)量下降,NK和NKT細(xì)胞殺傷活性降低,推測(cè)這種殺傷功能的減弱可能由糖皮質(zhì)激素誘導(dǎo)腎上腺素能受體β2(β2?adrenergic receptor,β2?AR)表達(dá)增加介導(dǎo)的[25-27].綜上,研究結(jié)果表明,睡眠剝奪后機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)功能下降,并且睡眠質(zhì)量越差或剝奪時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)對(duì)免疫系統(tǒng)的影響越大.

2 睡眠障礙與疾病

2.1 感染與疫苗保護(hù)性前文已提到,在動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中,睡眠剝奪可以破壞宿主對(duì)病原體的免疫防御機(jī)制,造成動(dòng)物機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)不能清除體內(nèi)的病原體,從而導(dǎo)致感染性疾病的發(fā)生.人類流行病學(xué)證據(jù)也表明睡眠時(shí)間短與感染性疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有關(guān).2001~2005年美國(guó)進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于護(hù)士睡眠時(shí)間與肺炎發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的隊(duì)列研究[28],該研究涉及56 000多名健康護(hù)士.研究發(fā)現(xiàn),睡眠時(shí)間短(<5 h)及睡眠不足或睡眠過(guò)多(>9 h)的肺炎患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分別為1.39(95%;1.06?1.82)和1.38(95%;1.04?1.84).Cohen等[29]發(fā)現(xiàn)自我睡眠報(bào)告睡眠時(shí)間短和睡眠片段化與普通感冒易感性相關(guān).在一項(xiàng)比較睡眠障礙人群和健康人群暴露于鼻病毒后感染發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)性研究[30]中,通過(guò)脈搏監(jiān)測(cè)儀觀察到,與睡眠不足6 h的人群相比,睡眠時(shí)間超過(guò)7 h人群的普通感冒發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)為其四分之一.值得注意的是,睡眠障礙除了增加急性傳染病患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)外,還對(duì)慢性感染有一定的影響,如人類免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染[31],但是影響的結(jié)局還不為人所知.

關(guān)于睡眠障礙對(duì)疫苗免疫應(yīng)答影響的觀察最初主要來(lái)自于動(dòng)物研究,與正常睡眠小鼠相比,睡眠被剝奪小鼠機(jī)體對(duì)流感病毒的清除速度減慢[32].之后在一些關(guān)于人類的睡眠與疫苗免疫應(yīng)答的觀察性研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),自然睡眠障礙與幾種疫苗的免疫應(yīng)答幅度減少有關(guān),Prather等[33]發(fā)現(xiàn)中年人睡眠時(shí)間短與乙肝疫苗接種保護(hù)的可能性下降密切相關(guān).值得注意的是,即使給予三倍劑量以及六個(gè)月的輔助劑量的疫苗,這種睡眠障礙的消極影響仍持續(xù)存在.同樣,與保持正常睡眠時(shí)間的人相比,夜間部分睡眠喪失人群在甲型流感疫苗[34]和甲肝疫苗[35]接種后,血清中特異性抗體降低.此外,睡眠缺失影響可持續(xù)長(zhǎng)達(dá)一年,表現(xiàn)為抗原特異性輔助性T細(xì)胞的頻率降低以及抗原特異性免疫球蛋白G1降低[36].

臨床觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)心理應(yīng)激反應(yīng)如抑郁和焦慮也可引起睡眠障礙,因此有一些關(guān)于心理應(yīng)激和睡眠障礙與疫苗反應(yīng)之間聯(lián)系的研究.如Miller等[37]發(fā)現(xiàn)睡眠時(shí)間少與流感疫苗抗體應(yīng)答降低有關(guān),同時(shí)日常心理壓力增加也是引起流感疫苗應(yīng)答降低的原因之一.同樣,Pressman等[38]發(fā)現(xiàn)孤獨(dú)感和睡眠效率差與流感疫苗抗體應(yīng)答下降有關(guān).老齡和抑郁狀態(tài)導(dǎo)致的睡眠時(shí)間縮短,與疫苗病毒特異性免疫應(yīng)答減弱及患帶狀皰疹和流感風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加相關(guān).

總之,這些實(shí)驗(yàn)和前瞻性觀察結(jié)果表明,睡眠時(shí)間的變化降低了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)臨床疫苗提供的免疫保護(hù)作用,并提示睡眠時(shí)間短可能通過(guò)增加機(jī)體對(duì)病毒病原體的易感性和/或加重癥狀表現(xiàn)程度來(lái)增加感染性疾病患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的可能性.

2.2 炎癥實(shí)驗(yàn)性睡眠剝奪中,顯示連續(xù)幾夜部分睡眠障礙可引起血漿中C反應(yīng)蛋白(C?reactive protein,CRP)和IL?6大量增加[39].短期的睡眠限制引起男性和女性的血漿IL?6水平增加,而血漿中TNF?α、IL?1β和IL?17水平的增加僅見(jiàn)于男性睡眠障礙人群,即使恢復(fù)睡眠后,這種增加仍然存在[40-41].然而,當(dāng)睡眠限制和睡眠片段化僅限于1~2夜時(shí)[42]或睡眠限制后給予午睡或延長(zhǎng)睡眠時(shí)間[43],循環(huán)中炎性標(biāo)記物水平不發(fā)生改變.但是,相比沒(méi)有潛在睡眠困難人群,易患慢性睡眠障礙人群中,即使一夜的睡眠剝奪仍出現(xiàn)IL?6和TNF?α水平增加,進(jìn)而觸發(fā)機(jī)體炎性激活[44].

關(guān)于失眠與CRP水平之間關(guān)系的流行病學(xué)研究結(jié)果則不盡相同.來(lái)自挪威一項(xiàng)健康研究發(fā)現(xiàn)校正心血管危險(xiǎn)因素后失眠癥狀與CRP水平變化無(wú)顯著相關(guān)性[45].而芬蘭一項(xiàng)研究[46]顯示中重度失眠僅與男性CRP水平升高相關(guān),與女性關(guān)系不大.然而,美國(guó)國(guó)家健康和營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)查(National Health and Nutrition Ex?amination Survey,NHANES)最近的調(diào)查結(jié)果表明,失眠癥與無(wú)恢復(fù)精神效果的睡眠人群(包括男性和女性)的血漿CRP水平均升高,且與前者相比,無(wú)恢復(fù)精神效果的睡眠人群外周血CRP水平更高,關(guān)聯(lián)強(qiáng)度越大[47].

2.3 其它疾病一項(xiàng)前瞻性研究[48-49]表明,睡眠時(shí)間不足5 h和睡眠時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)都可增加心血管疾病的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn).已知炎癥在介導(dǎo)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化發(fā)生、發(fā)展的各個(gè)階段都起著重要作用[50].有證據(jù)[51]表明,急性冠脈綜合征的潛在發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與高水平的CRP有關(guān).此外,抑郁癥也是心血管疾病的危險(xiǎn)因素之一[52].研究[53]表明,睡眠障礙可以加重抑郁癥,抑郁癥程度與高血壓發(fā)病率和心血管疾病的死亡率增加有關(guān).

睡眠影響葡萄糖代謝.睡眠片段化可以引起機(jī)體胰島素敏感性和葡萄糖自身代謝效能降低[54].流行病學(xué)研究展示了睡眠持續(xù)時(shí)間與抗胰島素耐受性和2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的關(guān)系,并且通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)性睡眠限制研究證實(shí)它們之間的因果關(guān)系.失眠、睡眠時(shí)間短或睡眠時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)都可以導(dǎo)致T2DM的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加[55-56].此外,研究[57]還顯示肥胖在睡眠時(shí)間短、睡眠質(zhì)量差人群的發(fā)生率高于無(wú)睡眠障礙的人群.

睡眠時(shí)間短或質(zhì)量差還可以導(dǎo)致癌癥的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加.睡眠時(shí)間影響罹患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),可能是通過(guò)影響外周血褪黑素的水平來(lái)介導(dǎo)的.與平均睡眠時(shí)間少的女性相比,睡眠時(shí)間為9 h的婦女乳腺癌患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低,但與睡眠功能不全或質(zhì)量無(wú)關(guān).兩項(xiàng)前瞻性隊(duì)列研究的結(jié)果提供了對(duì)于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間睡眠者乳腺癌患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低的一些初步支持證據(jù),但其他流行病學(xué)證據(jù)表明睡眠時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)或睡眠時(shí)間短均增加乳腺癌死亡率.此外,一些研究認(rèn)為炎癥在癌癥發(fā)病和復(fù)發(fā)中也發(fā)揮著重要的作用.CRP及其他炎癥標(biāo)志物水平升高與某些癌癥死亡率有關(guān),特別是男性肺癌、大腸癌、肝癌、前列腺癌患者,其他數(shù)據(jù)還顯示,炎癥與其他因素相互作用能夠增加乳腺癌以及肺癌的發(fā)病率[58-59],并且認(rèn)為炎癥似乎是預(yù)測(cè)乳腺癌預(yù)后復(fù)發(fā)的一個(gè)因素[60].上述研究結(jié)果顯示,睡眠通過(guò)改變炎癥水平影響心血管疾病和癌癥的發(fā)病率,還可以通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)體糖代謝影響T2DM的發(fā)病和肥胖的發(fā)生.

3 結(jié)語(yǔ)

早在2012年,世界衛(wèi)生組織調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示,中國(guó)睡眠障礙人群比例為38%,高于世界27%的平均水平.睡眠時(shí)間短或睡眠質(zhì)量差通過(guò)多種途徑影響人類健康,例如增加2型糖尿病、上呼吸道感染、心血管疾病、癌癥的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和全因死亡率,這些健康問(wèn)題與睡眠障礙對(duì)免疫功能的影響密切相關(guān).隨著關(guān)于睡眠對(duì)疾病影響的生物學(xué)機(jī)制研究投入的增加,可以更好地了解睡眠障礙對(duì)機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)的影響,以及這種影響對(duì)健康產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面作用.證據(jù)表明,睡眠障礙是一種可改變的危險(xiǎn)因素,行為療法對(duì)緩解失眠有長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)良好的效果.行為療法聯(lián)合藥物治療老年失眠障礙優(yōu)于單獨(dú)藥物治療效果,且血漿中IL?1,IL?6,TNF?α和皮質(zhì)醇水平下降更加明顯[61].與對(duì)照組相比,給予行為療法的晚期胃癌患者外周血IL?12水平增加,IL?10水平下降[62].因此,通過(guò)糾正睡眠障礙有望恢復(fù)或增強(qiáng)機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)功能,從而加強(qiáng)對(duì)感染、炎癥和其他一些疾病的控制與治療,達(dá)到預(yù)防和降低相關(guān)疾病發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的目的.

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Research progress in the effect of sleep disorder on immune-related response and diseases

YANG Ji,YU Hui-Ying
Department ofExperimentalMedicine,GeneralHospitalof Shenyang Military Area Command,Shenyang 110016,China

As rising prevalence of sleep disorder,the relation between sleep and heath has become a global issue and attracted public attention.Evidence shows that sleep plays an important role in regulating immune system function.The levels of adaptive immune cell and proinflammatory cytokine are maximal during nocturnal sleep,while the volumes of immune effector cells,for example natural killer cell and anti?inflammatory cytokines reachs their peak during awake period.Thus sleep deprivation causes the decreased immune cell population and activity as well as the acti?vation of inflammation,which impairs immune defense function.Subsequently,sleep deprivation decreases vaccine effect and increases the risks of multiple diseases such as infectious disease,cardiovascular disease,metabolic disease and cancer.Here,we reviewed the research progresses in the effect of sleep disorder on immune?related disease,and proposed that improving sleep may restore the immune fuction,thereby prevent and control the occur?rence of related diseases.

sleep;sleep disorders;immune system;disease

R392

A

2017-09-06;接受日期:2017-09-24

遼寧省自然科學(xué)基金(201602801)

楊 冀.碩士.研究方向:腫瘤免疫治療.E?mail:imyj_903@163.com

于卉影.博士,副主任醫(yī)師,副教授.研究方向:腫瘤免疫治療.E?mail:hyingy@sina.com

2095?6894(2017)10?66?05

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