賀創(chuàng)新
人教版英語教材Go for it 文章題材廣泛,涉及了人文、歷史、地理、日常生活、科學(xué)技術(shù)等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域,但中西方文化內(nèi)容比較少,大部分學(xué)生文化意識匱乏,在跨文化交際中表現(xiàn)不理想。因此,在新《英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中,文化意識被作為和語言知識、語言技能、情感態(tài)度及學(xué)習(xí)策略并重的一大版塊,受到了空前的重視。要培養(yǎng)文化意識就是要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生繼承和發(fā)揚(yáng)民族優(yōu)秀文化、積極吸收各種優(yōu)秀文化成果的意識,促進(jìn)學(xué)生自覺地提高文化品位和審美情趣。我們欣喜地看到在2012年新版Go for it教材中豐富了文化教學(xué)的內(nèi)容,包括英語國家的文化、非英語國家的文化和中國傳統(tǒng)文化。
在課文中被提到的中國元素有:傳統(tǒng)民間故事、傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日、傳統(tǒng)手工藝術(shù)和傳統(tǒng)飲食等。筆者試圖將這些中國元素和中國傳統(tǒng)文化進(jìn)行有機(jī)的結(jié)合,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的文化意識,從而提高學(xué)生的跨文化交際能力。本文將以課文為例,探討在中學(xué)英語教學(xué)中加強(qiáng)中國傳統(tǒng)文化教育的策略。
一、講述中國民間故事,深入思考“四大名著”的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義
以八年級(下)Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains Section A為例,課文講述的是《愚公移山》的故事,首先用三個(gè)問題輔助故事的敘述:How does the story begin? What happened next? Where would they put all the earth and stone from the mountain? 接下來通過討論得出對愚公移山的看法:
(1)The story is trying to show us that anything is possible if we work hard.
(2)People should try to find other ways to solve a problem.
教師拓展提問:There is a brave person who never gives up. Do you know who he is?
學(xué)生:Yes,there are many great people like Yu Gong. But the Monkey King is the most popular star in your heart.He is the main character of Journey to the West.
這時(shí)教師呈現(xiàn)“四大名著”的翻譯:
《紅樓夢》:A Dream of Red Man-
sions 。
《三國演義》: The Romance of the Three Kingdoms。
《水滸傳》: Heroes of the Marshes。
《西游記》:Journey to the West。
學(xué)生接下來分組進(jìn)行討論,話題是What can you learn from the four novels? 每組學(xué)生可以選取最感興趣的名著進(jìn)行討論,最后每組進(jìn)行展示,實(shí)現(xiàn)思維的碰撞,學(xué)生也能更深入思考“四大名著”的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,下面是一組學(xué)生對《西游記》的討論展示成果:
(1)I want to make my dream come true like the Monkey King,though there are many challenges I'll face,I'll try my best to achieve my dream.
(2)I think teamwork is the most important in this novel. We should believe that everyone is able to do something useful for the team if possible.
(3)In my opinion,we can learn a lot from Tang Sen. He is a good leader though he is not as active as the Monkey King. He is good at managing the team and encouraging people to make great progress.
(4)I want to say everyone is special like the four characters. All we can do is to appreciate and improve ourselves in different situations.
(5)I believe it's a good idea to face the life in a positive way. Where there is a will, there is a way .So keep fighting and we'll be successful in the future.
二、介紹中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日,深入領(lǐng)會古典詩詞的文化內(nèi)涵
如在進(jìn)行九年級(上)Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious Section A第三課時(shí)的教學(xué)時(shí),請學(xué)生首先翻譯這篇短文的題目Full Moon,F(xiàn)ull Feelings。 學(xué)生很積極,給出了幾種各具特色的翻譯:圓圓的月亮,滿滿的情思;月圓情更圓;圓月滿深情。此法激發(fā)了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)課文的熱情。這篇課文介紹了中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日中秋節(jié)背后的傳說:嫦娥和后羿的凄美的愛情故事。
學(xué)完課文后教師提問:What do you often do on the Mid-Autumn Festival? Yes ,we often miss our family and our friends. What do you want to say on this special day?
馬上有學(xué)生就搶答:“但愿人長久,千里共嬋娟?!?/p>
教師就引導(dǎo)學(xué)生試著翻譯這句古典詩詞,同時(shí)呈現(xiàn)PPT:
So let us wish that man will live as long as he can!Though miles apart, we'll share the beauty she displays.
“但愿人長久,千里共嬋娟?!?/p>
學(xué)生在提高翻譯技巧的同時(shí),也感受到了中國古典詩詞的魅力以及不同的翻譯。教師又拓展出與元宵節(jié)和端午節(jié)相關(guān)的詩詞,并展示如下:
The Lantern Festival.(元宵節(jié))
Hundreds and thousands of times I searched for her in the crowd.
“眾里尋他千百度,驀然回首,那人卻在燈火闌珊處?!?/p>
Suddenly I turned,and there she stood,in the dim light.
The Dragon Boat Festival.(端午節(jié))
Long did I sigh and wipe away my tears,To see my people bowed by Grieves and Fears。
“長太息以掩涕兮,哀民生之多艱?!?/p>
……
But for the ideal held dear to my heart,I'm not regret a thousand deaths to die.
“亦余心之善兮,雖九死其猶未悔。”
三、欣賞中國傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù),深入傳承民間工藝的偉大精妙
在教學(xué)九年級Unit 5 Section B 2b Beauty In Common Things 時(shí),首先請學(xué)生欣賞三種傳統(tǒng)的民間藝術(shù):Sky lanterns,paper cutting and Chinese clay art,讓學(xué)生體會手工制作之美。然后教師就中國傳統(tǒng)民間工藝進(jìn)行詞匯的頭腦風(fēng)暴活動:What other traditional art forms can you think up?
教師根據(jù)學(xué)生的回答形成了下面這個(gè)思維導(dǎo)圖。
教師順勢提出下面的問題:What do these traditional Chinese art forms try to show?
學(xué)生得出結(jié)論:These traditional art forms usually try to show the important things in life ,such as love, beauty and family.
教師接著提問:What can you do to protect these traditional art forms?
最后進(jìn)行小組討論:如何傳承中國民間工藝?如何使中國特色手工藝品走出國門,為越來越多的國家和人們所接受和珍愛?
學(xué)生達(dá)成共識:It's our duty to make the Chinese folk works step out of the country and increase popularity among world people.
總之,在中學(xué)英語教學(xué)中加強(qiáng)中國傳統(tǒng)文化教育的策略是多種多樣的。教師需要具備豐富的文化知識,加強(qiáng)自身文化修養(yǎng)。在教學(xué)中應(yīng)該多挖掘課文的文化內(nèi)涵,在實(shí)施過程中采取適當(dāng)?shù)牟呗?,從而在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的文化意識,提高學(xué)生的跨文化交際能力,全面發(fā)展學(xué)生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力。
(作者單位:湖南省長沙市明德華興中學(xué))