靳 飛, 萬(wàn)福賢, 昝寧寧, 姜 林
(山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) 化學(xué)與材料科學(xué)學(xué)院,山東 泰安 271018)
·研究論文·
含苯并咪唑和異噁唑結(jié)構(gòu)席夫堿的合成及其抑菌活性
靳 飛, 萬(wàn)福賢, 昝寧寧, 姜 林*
(山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) 化學(xué)與材料科學(xué)學(xué)院,山東 泰安 271018)
根據(jù)活性亞結(jié)構(gòu)拼接原理,以取代苯甲醛、鹽酸羥胺、N-氯代丁二酰亞胺和2-苯并咪唑基乙腈等為原料,經(jīng)肟化、氯代、環(huán)化及縮合反應(yīng),合成了一系列新型的含苯并咪唑和異噁唑結(jié)構(gòu)的席夫堿化合物(5a~5h),收率60%~75%,其結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)1H NMR,13C NMR, IR和HR-MS表征。采用菌絲生長(zhǎng)速率法測(cè)試了化合物對(duì)番茄灰霉菌和生菜菌核菌的抑菌活性。結(jié)果表明:在用藥量為100 μg·mL-1時(shí),苯環(huán)上含有氟原子或甲氧基的席夫堿(5c, 5d和5e)對(duì)生菜菌核菌顯示出較好的活性,抑制率為71.3%~76.1%。
苯甲醛; 席夫堿; 苯并咪唑; 異噁唑; 合成; 抑菌活性
席夫堿類化合物因分子中含有亞胺基團(tuán)(C=N)而表現(xiàn)出良好的生物活性,如抗病毒[1]、抗癌[2]、抗菌[3]、抗炎[4]、抗增生[5]等活性,成為藥物化學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)之一。此外,席夫堿作為配體與一些金屬離子形成的配合物具有良好的催化性能,可用于不對(duì)稱合成領(lǐng)域[6]。但是,目前席夫堿在農(nóng)藥領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用還較少。
苯并咪唑是一類重要的雜環(huán)化合物,其衍生物具有殺菌[7]、抗炎[8]、抗病毒[9]和降壓[10]等廣泛的生物活性。在苯并咪唑衍生物中,作為β2-微管蛋白抑制劑的多菌靈、苯菌靈和甲基硫菌靈,表現(xiàn)出高效、強(qiáng)內(nèi)吸性和低毒性,是農(nóng)業(yè)上常用的殺菌劑。另一方面,異噁唑也是一種具有良好生物活性的雜環(huán)化合物,該類化合物顯示出抗病毒[11]、抑菌[12]、抗炎[13]和除草[14]等活性,如抗炎藥物異噁噻酰胺、β-內(nèi)酰胺類抗生素頭孢噁唑、除草劑異噁草酮等。
Scheme 1
借鑒有關(guān)席夫堿、苯并咪唑和異噁唑衍生物的合成及生物活性研究成果,結(jié)合本課題組在苯并咪唑和異噁唑類化合物的合成及殺菌活性研究的前期工作[15-16],本文根據(jù)活性亞結(jié)構(gòu)拼接原理,以苯甲醛、鹽酸羥胺、N-氯代丁二酰亞胺(NCS)、2-苯并咪唑基乙腈等為原料,經(jīng)過(guò)肟化、氯代、環(huán)化及縮合4步反應(yīng),合成了8個(gè)新型的含苯并咪唑和異噁唑結(jié)構(gòu)的席夫堿化合物(5a~5h, Scheme 1),其結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)1H NMR,13C NMR, IR和HR-MS表征,并測(cè)試了化合物對(duì)番茄灰霉菌和生菜菌核菌的抑制活性。
1.1 儀器與試劑
X-5型數(shù)字熔點(diǎn)儀(溫度未校正);Bruker 400型核磁共振儀(DMSO-d6為溶劑,TMS為內(nèi)標(biāo));Nicolet 380型傅立葉變換紅外光譜儀(KBr壓片);Agilent 6410型三重四極桿串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜儀;GXZ型智能光照培養(yǎng)箱。
α-氯代苯甲醛肟(1)[17]和2-苯并咪唑基乙腈(2)[18]參考文獻(xiàn)方法制備;其余所用試劑均為分析純,百靈威化學(xué)有限公司或阿拉丁試劑有限公司。
1.2 合成
(1) 3-取代苯基-4-(2-苯并咪唑基)-5-氨基異噁唑(3)的合成通法
在圓底燒瓶中加入1 10 mmol、 2 1.58 g(10 mmol)和四氫呋喃15 mL,攪拌下加入三乙胺1.02 g(10 mmol),于室溫反應(yīng)5 h。加水20 mL,用二氯甲烷(3×20 mL)萃取,合并萃取液,依次用水洗滌、無(wú)水硫酸鈉干燥,真空除去溶劑得棕色粗產(chǎn)物,經(jīng)硅膠柱層析[洗脫劑:A=V(丙酮)/V(石油醚)=1/5]純化得白色固體3。
3-苯基-4-(2-苯并咪唑基)-5-氨基異噁唑(3a): 產(chǎn)率77%, m.p.176.0~178.1 ℃;1H NMRδ: 4.18(s, 2H, NH2), 6.88~7.47(m, 9H, ArH), 11.52(br s, 1H, Benzimidazol-NH); IRν: 3 129, 3 015, 1 641, 1 609, 1 514, 1 448 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C16H12N4O{[M+H]+}277.108 9,found 277.108 5。
3-(4-氟苯基)-4-(2-苯并咪唑基)-5-氨基異噁唑(3e): 產(chǎn)率82%, m.p. 180.3~181.2 ℃;1H NMRδ: 4.16(s, 2H, NH2), 6.89~7.76(m, 8H, ArH), 12.60(br s, 1H, Benzimidazol-NH); IRν: 3 118, 3 017, 1 603, 1 514, 1 454 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C16H11N4OF{[M+H]+}295.098 9,found 295.098 5。
3-(4-氯苯基)-4-(2-苯并咪唑基)-5-氨基異噁唑(3f): 產(chǎn)率85%, m.p. 206.1~207.9 ℃;1H NMRδ: 4.19(s, 2H, NH2), 6.89~7.75(m, 8H, ArH), 12.63(br s, 1H, Benzimidazol-NH); IRν: 3 135, 3 015, 1 613, 1 596, 1 517, 1 451 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C16H11N4OCl{[M+H]+}311.070 0,found 311.070 2。
3-(4-溴苯基)-4-(2-苯并咪唑基)-5-氨基異噁唑(3g): 產(chǎn)率80%, m.p. 204.2~206.0 ℃;1H NMRδ: 4.15(s, 2H, NH2), 6.89~7.76(m, 8H, ArH), 12.59(br s, 1H, Benzimidazol-NH); IRν: 3 125, 3 018, 1 614, 1 588, 1 525, 1 450 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C16H11N4OBr{[M+H]+}355.019 4, found 355.019 8。
(2) 3-取代苯基-4-(2-苯并咪唑基)-5-取代苯亞胺基異噁唑(5)的合成通法
在圓底燒瓶中加入取代苯甲醛10 mmol, 3 10 mmol和無(wú)水乙醇15 mL,攪拌下加入催化量三乙胺,回流反應(yīng)7~8 h。冷卻至室溫,加水25 mL,攪拌30 min,過(guò)濾,濾餅經(jīng)硅膠柱層析(洗脫劑:A=1/10)純化得白色固體5a~5h。
3-苯基-4-(2-苯并咪唑基)-5-苯亞胺基異噁唑(5a): 產(chǎn)率67%, m.p. 208.3~210.2 ℃;1H NMRδ: 7.08~7.89(m, 14H, ArH), 8.09(s, 1H, N=CH), 10.24(br s, 1H, Benzimidazol-NH);13C NMRδ: 165.8, 162.1, 154.6, 146.7, 145.5, 140.9, 133.4, 131.0, 130.4, 129.1, 128.3, 127.6, 124.5, 123.1, 122.2, 118.4, 114.0, 109.9, 99.8; IRν: 3 135, 3 024, 1 610, 1 590, 1 565, 1 496, 1 442 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C23H16N4O{[M+H]+}365.140 2, found 365.140 0。
3-苯基-4-(2-苯并咪唑基)-5-(4-甲基苯亞胺基)異噁唑(5b): 產(chǎn)率73%, m.p. 219.0~220.5 ℃;1H NMRδ: 2.21(s, 1H, CH3), 6.96~7.82(m, 13H, ArH), 7.94(s, 1H, N=CH), 10.20(br s, 1H, Benzimidazol-NH);13C NMRδ:165.1, 162.7, 151.8, 148.5, 145.7, 142.0, 137.2, 134.8, 131.4, 129.0, 128.4, 127.0, 124.7, 123.5, 120.8, 120.2, 117.3, 110.8, 102.7, 21.8; IRν: 3 148, 3 025, 1 600, 1 496, 1 448 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C24H18N4O {[M+H]+}379.155 9, found 379.156 7。
3-苯基-4-(2-苯并咪唑基)-5-(4-甲氧基苯亞胺基)異噁唑(5c): 產(chǎn)率69%, m.p. 223.1~224.8 ℃;1H NMRδ: 3.82(s, 1H, OCH3), 6.86~7.88(m, 13H, ArH), 8.04(s, 1H, N=CH), 9.80(br s, 1H, Benzimidazol-NH);13C NMRδ:167.3, 153.1, 152.5,147.2, 144.9, 139.7, 136.9, 5, 135.3, 133.8, 130.8, 130.1, 129.1, 128.4, 126.2, 124.5, 120.7, 119.4, 116.2, 102.6, 60.3; IRν: 3 130, 3 027, 1 607, 1 573, 1 514, 1 451 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C24H18N4O2{[M+H]+}395.150 8, found 395.150 4。
3-苯基-4-(2-苯并咪唑基)-5-(4-氟苯亞胺基)異噁唑(5d): 產(chǎn)率72%, m.p. 248.0~250.1 ℃;1H NMRδ: 7.04~7.84(m, 13H, ArH), 8.06(s, 1H, N=CH), 9.71(br s, 1H, Benzimidazol-NH);13C NMRδ:165.1, 162.6, 156.8, 151.6, 147.4, 146.6, 142.1, 134.5, 132.4, 131.3, 129.2, 125.9, 124.1, 123.7, 119.7, 116.5, 115.3, 110.7, 100.3; IRν: 3 120, 3 031, 1 610, 1 596, 1 510, 1 446 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C23H15N4OF{[M+H]+}383.130 8, found 383.130 2。
3-(4-氟苯基)-4-(2-苯并咪唑基)-5-苯亞胺基異噁唑(5e): 產(chǎn)率61%, m.p. 225.1~226.7 ℃;1H NMRδ: 7.01~7.85(m, 13H, ArH), 8.04(s, 1H, N=CH), 9.84(br s, 1H, Benzimidazol-NH);13C NMRδ: 165.3, 162.7, 149.1, 147.5, 143.2, 137.7, 134.8, 132.6, 130.1, 129.8, 128.9, 128.3, 125.2, 124.2, 123.5, 120.3, 119.2, 117.0, 116.8, 111.7, 101.1; IRν: 3 125, 3 037, 1 606, 1 568, 1 510, 1 448 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C23H15N4OF{[M+H]+}383.130 8, found 383.130 0。
3-(4-氯苯基)-4-(2-苯并咪唑基)-5-苯亞胺基異噁唑(5f): 產(chǎn)率75%, m.p. 224.2~225.8 ℃;1H NMRδ: 7.06~7.87(m, 13H, ArH), 8.15(s, 1H, N=CH), 9.04(br s, 1H, Benzimidazol-NH);13C NMRδ: 164.7, 162.0, 148.7, 146.8, 142.2, 141.3, 135.5, 134.4, 132.3, 130.2, 129.7, 129.4, 127.7, 124.7, 123.8, 119.8, 115.4, 111.2, 100.6; IRν: 3 141, 3 030, 1 615, 1 592, 1 571, 1 449 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C23H15N4OCl{[M+H]+}399.101 3, found 399.100 6。
3-(4-溴苯基)-4-(2-苯并咪唑基)-5-苯亞胺基異噁唑(5g): 產(chǎn)率69%, m.p. 228.5~229.8 ℃;1H NMRδ: 7.05~7.84(m, 13H, ArH), 8.12(s, 1H, N=CH), 10.92(br s, 1H, Benzimidazol-NH);13C NMRδ:164.7, 162.2, 148.7, 146.1, 142.5, 141.2, 134.7, 132.2, 129.7, 129.3, 128.4, 124.7, 123.7, 119.8, 116.5, 116.3, 115.2, 111.3, 100.7; IRν: 3 146, 3 034, 1 609, 1 587, 1 574, 1 487, 1 449 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C23H15N4OBr{[M+H]+}443.050 7, found 443.049 8。
3-(2,4-二氯苯基)-4-(2-苯并咪唑基)-5-苯亞胺基異噁唑(5h): 產(chǎn)率65%, m.p. 225.4~226.1 ℃;1H NMRδ: 7.05~7.81(m, 12H, ArH), 8.08(s, 1H, N=CH), 10.87(br s, 1H, Benzimidazol-NH);13C NMRδ:165.8, 161.7, 149.0, 146.2, 141.9, 139.4, 136.0, 133.0, 132.4, 130.6, 129.7, 128.6, 128.2, 127.6, 126.3, 124.7, 123.8, 119.8, 115.5, 111.7, 101.2; IRν: 3 139, 3 024, 1 610, 1 586, 1 488, 1 449 cm-1; HR-MSm/z: Calcd for C23H14N4OCl2{[M+H]+}433.062 3, found 433.063 1。
1.3 抑菌活性測(cè)試
采用菌絲生長(zhǎng)速率法測(cè)定目標(biāo)化合物的離體抑菌活性[19],以番茄灰霉菌(B.cinerea)和生菜菌核菌(S.sclerotiorum)為測(cè)試菌種。按培養(yǎng)基與藥液體積比9 ∶1的比例制成含藥培養(yǎng)基(馬鈴薯-葡萄糖-瓊脂,PDA),溶解后制成濃度為100 μg·mL-1的PDA含藥平板,將菌餅反接到含藥平板中央,置于(25±1) ℃的培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),測(cè)量菌落直徑,每處理設(shè)3個(gè)重復(fù)組。以殺菌劑百菌清(Chlorothalonil)為對(duì)照藥劑,按下式計(jì)算抑制率。
抑制率=[(D0-D1)/D0]×100%
式中:D0為對(duì)照菌落擴(kuò)展直徑,D1為處理菌落擴(kuò)展直徑
2.1 表征
5a~5h的1H NMR譜中,苯并咪唑環(huán)上NH為活潑質(zhì)子,顯示出寬的單峰,位于δ9.04~10.92。甲亞胺基N=CH質(zhì)子受N吸電子作用影響,δ較大,位于δ7.91~8.15,而苯環(huán)質(zhì)子為多重峰,出現(xiàn)在δ6.96~7.89處。
IR分析表明,苯并咪唑環(huán)N—H的伸縮振動(dòng)吸收峰位于3 120~3 148 cm-1,苯環(huán)上C—H伸縮振動(dòng)吸收峰出現(xiàn)在3 016~3 037 cm-1,苯環(huán)(雜環(huán))C=C和C=N的吸收峰分別出現(xiàn)在1 606~1 615 cm-1和1 586~1 596 cm-1處。
2.2 抑菌活性
5a~5h對(duì)病原菌的抑制率見(jiàn)表1。由表1可知,用藥量為100 μg·mL-1時(shí),5c和5d對(duì)灰霉菌的抑制率為54.0%和50.3%,顯示出一定的抑菌活性。5c~5e對(duì)菌核菌的抑制率分別為75.1%, 76.1%和71.3%,表現(xiàn)出較好的抑菌活性,其活性與對(duì)照藥劑百菌清(抑制率70.2%)相當(dāng)。
從化合物的分子結(jié)構(gòu)看,異噁唑環(huán)或苯亞甲胺基的苯環(huán)上含有取代基時(shí)(甲基除外),化合物的抑菌活性遠(yuǎn)高于苯環(huán)上無(wú)取代基的5a,有進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)的價(jià)值。
表1 5a~5h對(duì)病原菌的抑制率(%)
設(shè)計(jì)并合成了8個(gè)新型的3-取代苯基-4-(2-苯并咪唑基)-5-取代苯亞胺基異噁唑類化合物。抑菌活性測(cè)試結(jié)果表明:苯環(huán)上含有氟原子或甲氧基的席夫堿(5c, 5d和5e)對(duì)生菜菌核菌有較高的抑制活性,其活性與對(duì)照藥劑百菌清相當(dāng)。該研究結(jié)果為設(shè)計(jì)新型的具有抑菌活性的席夫堿類化合物提供了有益參考。
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Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Novel Schiff Bases Bearing Benzimidazole and Isoxazole Moieties
JIN Fei, WAN Fu-xian, ZAN Ning-ning, JIANG Lin*
(College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China)
According to the theory of active sub-structure connection, a series of Schiff bases(5a~5h) bearing benzimidazole and isoxazole moieties were synthesized by oximation, chlorination, cyclization and condensation reactions from substituted benzaldehyde, hydroxylamine hydrochloride,N-chlorosuccinimid and 2-benzimidazolyl acetonitrile. The structures were characterized by IR,1H NMR,13C NMR and HR-MS. All target compounds were tested forinvitroantifungal activities againstB.cinereaandS.sclerotiorumby the mycelium growth rate method, and the results indicated that the Schiff bases containing fluorine or methoxy moiety on benzene ring(5c, 5d and 5e) displayed good antifungal activities againstS.sclerotiorum, with inhibition rate of 71.3%~76.1% at concentration of 100 μg·mL-1.
benzaldehyde; Schiff base; benzimidazole; isoxazole; synthesis; antifungal activity
2016-04-08;
2016-11-10
山東省自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(ZR2014BM030)
靳飛(1989-),女,漢族,山東新泰人,碩士研究生,主要從事農(nóng)藥化學(xué)研究。
姜林,教授, Tel. 0538-8248768, E-mail: jiangl@sdau.edu.cn
O626; O621.3
A
10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2017.01.16097