文/觀瀾齋主
Talk Shop不是清談館
——talk shop、shop talk和talking shop辨異
文/觀瀾齋主
習(xí)近平主席在G20杭州峰會(huì)的開幕詞中說(shuō):“我們應(yīng)該讓二十國(guó)集團(tuán)成為行動(dòng)隊(duì),而不是清談館。”這句話成了一個(gè)quotable quote,被中外媒體廣泛引用,引起了渴望發(fā)展的國(guó)家和人民的共鳴。
開幕詞有官方外文版本,這一金句的英譯是這樣的:We should make the G20 an action team instead of a talk shop. 譯者可能認(rèn)為,talk shop是一個(gè)名詞+名詞搭配(noun-noun collocation),就像talk show、talk radio、talk therapy一樣。
但talk shop是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(verb phrase),韋氏詞典的解釋是to talk about work(談工作),如:They like to talk shop during lunch.(他們喜歡在午餐時(shí)間談公事。)劍橋英語(yǔ)詞典的解釋較為詳細(xì):to talk about your job with those you work with when not at work (在工作之外的時(shí)間與同事談工作),如:Even at a party they have to talk shop.(就是在聚會(huì)上,他們還是三句話不離本行。)
你邀請(qǐng)幾個(gè)朋友共進(jìn)晚餐,在餐桌上幾個(gè)老爺們兒喋喋不休地談?wù)撍麄兊臉I(yè)務(wù),其他人插不上嘴。作為女主人的你這時(shí)就可以說(shuō):“C’mon guys. You can talk shop after supper.”(拜托了,請(qǐng)你們?cè)诓秃笳劰ぷ靼?。?/p>
另一次,你邀請(qǐng)一對(duì)夫婦共進(jìn)午餐。你忙著招待女賓,而你先生則和男客人在書房談他們感興趣的事。可以用第三人稱敘述這個(gè)情景:The hostess entertained the lady while her husband and the gentleman sat in the study and talked shop. 兩位男士在書房里嘀嘀咕咕好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,所談的內(nèi)容也許是古典哲學(xué)或后現(xiàn)代主義電影藝術(shù),也許是多媒體敘事在現(xiàn)代廣告中的應(yīng)用,總之是在一個(gè)非正式場(chǎng)合談?wù)撍麄兊膶I(yè)或業(yè)務(wù)(conversation about their profession or business at an informal or social occasion),這就是所謂的shop talk:the jargon or subject matter peculiar to an occupation or a special area of interest(跟專業(yè)或某種特殊領(lǐng)域相關(guān)的行話或話題)。他們之所以避開夫人,是因?yàn)閾?dān)心這種shop talk旁人會(huì)覺得索然無(wú)味而且難懂。
法新社和BBC在報(bào)道杭州峰會(huì)開幕式時(shí),標(biāo)題都用了“清談館”一詞,但沒有采用中國(guó)的“清談館”官譯,而用了更加通俗的empty talk(空談):China tells G20 to avoid ‘empty talk’, cure global economy (AFP); G20 leaders told ‘a(chǎn)void empty talk’ by China’s Xi Jinping.(BBC)
要說(shuō)清談館,英文里有一個(gè)現(xiàn)成的對(duì)應(yīng)詞,叫talking shop,詞典的解釋是:a group or committee that has discussions that has never result in action(只有討論、從來(lái)沒有行動(dòng)的團(tuán)體或委員會(huì));an organization or meeting in which people talk too much and achieve nothing(說(shuō)得多而無(wú)成效的機(jī)構(gòu)或會(huì)議)。因此talking shop在英文里實(shí)際上就是一個(gè)貶義詞。(The term is usually used in a pejorative or derogatory sense.)這和中文“清談館”的含義基本一致。
20國(guó)集團(tuán)從2008年起召開首腦級(jí)峰會(huì)以來(lái),西方媒體就不斷將這個(gè)論壇稱作talking shop。英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》2013年刊登的一篇報(bào)道說(shuō),20世紀(jì)上半葉以來(lái),世界格局發(fā)生了很大變化,由美國(guó)主導(dǎo)的類似布雷頓森林(Bretton Woods)那樣的金融會(huì)議已經(jīng)開不成了,由于發(fā)展中國(guó)家有自己的訴求,在國(guó)際會(huì)議上不愿聽發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家發(fā)號(hào)施令,G20因此就成了一個(gè)“大型清談俱樂(lè)部”。(The G20 has become a giant talking shop.)
《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家》對(duì)G20作用的評(píng)價(jià)比《衛(wèi)報(bào)》要積極一些,這家雜志2010年11月刊登了一篇題為“Finally, a talking-shop worth having”的文章,說(shuō)由于有發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家的共同參與,G20擁有諸如G7等富國(guó)俱樂(lè)部所沒有的合法性,在全球金融危機(jī)最嚴(yán)重時(shí)期取得了從財(cái)政刺激到承諾為國(guó)際貨幣基金組織提供更多的資源等成果,所以G20可以成為國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)外交中一個(gè)少有的機(jī)制:有存在價(jià)值的清談館。(G20 could become something all too rare in international economic diplomacy: a talking-shop worth having.)但峰會(huì)如果只搞出一個(gè)措辭轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角的公報(bào)(a mealy-mouthed communiqué),那就是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。(If the G20’s leaders manage no more than another mealy-mouthed communiqué, many people will begin to suspect that it—like so many other of the Gs—is a waste of time.)
美國(guó)漢學(xué)家梅維恒(Victor Mair)將“我們應(yīng)該讓二十國(guó)集團(tuán)成為行動(dòng)隊(duì), 而不是清談館”譯成:We should let the Group of Twenty become a team for action, and not a salon for pure conversation. 他在博文中寫道:“清談”(pure conversation)本來(lái)是中國(guó)魏晉時(shí)期流行的一種哲學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)(a philosophical movement),但習(xí)近平主席在杭州峰會(huì)上所說(shuō)的“清談”實(shí)際上就是empty talk。