高 簡,張亞麗,苗祥貞,張 瀟,袁 將,王加利,鄭春梅,劉永剛,譚 鵬
(1.北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué),北京 100102;2.北京和合醫(yī)學(xué)診斷技術(shù)股份有限公司,北京 101111)
基于LTQ-Orbitrap高分辨質(zhì)譜的駱駝蓬子中生物堿類成分鑒定及裂解途徑分析
高 簡1,張亞麗1,苗祥貞1,張 瀟1,袁 將1,王加利1,鄭春梅2,劉永剛1,譚 鵬1
(1.北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué),北京 100102;2.北京和合醫(yī)學(xué)診斷技術(shù)股份有限公司,北京 101111)
采用高效液相色譜-質(zhì)譜(HPLC-MSn)法分析駱駝蓬子甲醇提取物中的生物堿類成分。在正離子模式下,采用C18色譜柱,以乙腈-0.5%氨水溶液為流動相進(jìn)行梯度洗脫,LTQ-Orbitrap線性離子阱高分辨質(zhì)譜解析多級質(zhì)譜數(shù)據(jù),并對成分進(jìn)行定性分析。結(jié)果表明,從駱駝蓬子甲醇提取物中共鑒定出20種生物堿類成分,其中鴨嘴花酮堿葡萄糖苷、3-羥基-去氫駱駝蓬堿和鴨嘴花堿糖苷為首次從駱駝蓬子中鑒定得到;同時對路因堿、四氫哈爾明、鴨嘴花堿糖苷的質(zhì)譜裂解途徑進(jìn)行分析,推測出一系列去氫駱駝蓬堿衍生物的裂解規(guī)律。該方法可為駱駝蓬子的化學(xué)成分和質(zhì)量控制提供理論基礎(chǔ),也可為類似結(jié)構(gòu)化合物的質(zhì)譜裂解規(guī)律研究提供方法參考。
LTQ-Orbitrap高分辨質(zhì)譜(LTQ-Orbitrap MS);駱駝蓬子;裂解規(guī)律;生物堿
駱駝蓬子為駱駝蓬屬植物駱駝蓬(PeganumharmalaL.)及多裂駱駝蓬(Peganummultisectum(Maxim.)Bo-br.)的種子,收載于《中華人民共和國藥品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)維吾爾藥分冊》中[1],具有消腫止痛、通血調(diào)經(jīng)之功效,可用于治療關(guān)節(jié)骨痛、月經(jīng)閉阻等癥狀[2]。駱駝蓬屬植物主要含有生物堿類、黃酮類化合物,其中生物堿類成分具有平喘、抗菌、抗腫瘤、抗炎鎮(zhèn)痛止癢及對中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、腸及氣管平滑肌等方面的藥理作用[3-5]。
電噴霧離子源質(zhì)譜具有靈敏度高、操作簡便、分子離子峰豐度高等優(yōu)點[6-9],線性離子阱與Orbitrap傅里葉掃描質(zhì)譜組成的串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜儀能夠?qū)㈦x子阱與質(zhì)譜的高分辨能力結(jié)合起來,實現(xiàn)多級質(zhì)譜碎裂和母離子的高分辨采集,可為小分子藥物及大分子蛋白質(zhì)的鑒定與分析提供更準(zhǔn)確的信息[10]。目前,駱駝蓬的研究主要集中在對其生物堿類成分的分離與活性評價[8-12],尚未見對駱駝蓬子生物堿成分的系統(tǒng)鑒定分析。
本研究根據(jù)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)[13-18]報道,擬采用高分辨質(zhì)譜法分析鑒定駱駝蓬子中的生物堿類成分,以期為駱駝蓬子的質(zhì)量控制和臨床應(yīng)用提供理論基礎(chǔ),也為類似化合物的質(zhì)譜裂解途徑研究提供方法參考。
1.1 主要儀器與試劑
LTQ-Orbitrap線性離子阱-串聯(lián)靜電軌道場高分辨質(zhì)譜儀:美國Thermo-Fisher公司產(chǎn)品,配有電噴霧離子源和Xcalibar 2.0工作站。
去氫駱駝蓬堿對照品、駱駝蓬堿對照品和鴨嘴花堿對照品:濃度>98%,本實驗室自制;乙腈(質(zhì)譜級)、氨水(色譜純):美國Fisher公司產(chǎn)品。
1.2 藥材
駱駝蓬子藥材:購自新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)省藥材公司神州大藥房,經(jīng)新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)張洪亮教授鑒定為蒺藜科植物駱駝蓬PeganumharmalaL.的種子。
1.3 實驗方法
1.3.1 色譜條件 色譜柱:Agilent SB C18柱(4.6 mm×150 mm×5 μm);流動相:A為水(含0.5%氨水),B為乙腈;梯度洗脫條件:0~2 min(5%B),2~15 min(5%~18%B),15~30 min(18%~26%B),30~50 min(26%~85%B);進(jìn)樣體積10 μL;柱溫25 ℃;檢測波長254 nm和365 nm;流速0.8 mL/min。
1.3.2 質(zhì)譜條件 FT Orbitrap質(zhì)量檢測器;電噴霧離子源(ESI);質(zhì)量掃描范圍m/z100~1 000;噴霧電壓4.0 kV;管狀透鏡電壓110 V;毛細(xì)管溫度350 ℃;鞘氣流量30單位,輔助氣流量10單位;樣品采用全掃描模式,分辨率R設(shè)為30 000;二級和三級質(zhì)譜采用數(shù)據(jù)依賴性掃描,選取上一級豐度最高的3個峰進(jìn)行碰撞誘導(dǎo)解離(CID)碎片掃描,以離子阱檢測碎片離子。
1.4 樣品前處理
1.4.1 供試品溶液 精密稱取0.199 8 g駱駝蓬子生品粉末于錐形瓶中,加入25 mL甲醇,超聲處理30 min后,靜置冷卻,再稱其質(zhì)量;用甲醇補(bǔ)足質(zhì)量損失,搖勻,取上清液,過0.45 μm微孔濾膜,即得供試品溶液,備用。
1.4.2 對照品溶液 精密稱取1.21 mg去氫駱駝蓬堿對照品、1.10 mg駱駝蓬堿對照品和1.02 mg鴨嘴花堿對照品,加入10 mL甲醇,搖勻,即得對照品溶液,備用。
2.1 駱駝蓬子甲醇提取物的分析
按照1.3節(jié)方法分析駱駝蓬子甲醇提取物,得到其在正離子模式下的總離子流圖,示于圖1。根據(jù)獲得的精確分子質(zhì)量信息推測其可能的元素組成;根據(jù)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)[11-18],并結(jié)合多級質(zhì)譜裂解碎片種類和相對豐度等信息,對駱駝蓬子甲醇提取物成分進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定,結(jié)果列于表1。
圖1 駱駝蓬子甲醇提取物的總離子流圖Fig.1 TIC of methanolic extract of seeds of Peganumharmala L. in positive ionization mode
2.2 結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定
2.2.1β-咔啉類生物堿結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定β-咔啉類生物堿是駱駝蓬子中主要的生物堿。表1中的化合物4經(jīng)碰撞誘導(dǎo)電離后得到的質(zhì)譜碎片信息與去氫駱駝蓬堿標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品的質(zhì)譜碎片信息一致,故推測該化合物為去氫駱駝蓬堿,其質(zhì)譜圖示于圖2。成分6電離產(chǎn)生的質(zhì)子化離子峰為m/z229.093 2,經(jīng)碰撞活化,[6+H]+丟失OH(17 u)產(chǎn)生m/z213.911 3碎片離子,然后繼續(xù)丟失NCH2(28 u)形成m/z185.929 9碎片離子,這與文獻(xiàn)[14]報道的一致,因此推斷成分6為3-羥基-去氫駱駝蓬堿。
成分5電噴霧電離后產(chǎn)生質(zhì)子化離子[5+H]+,經(jīng)碰撞誘導(dǎo)電離后,分別丟失C6H10O5(162 u)和OH(16 u),產(chǎn)生m/z229.060 2和m/z213.911 3,因其三級碎片信息與去氫駱駝蓬堿的一級碎片信息一致,通過對比文獻(xiàn)[15],推測成分5為路因堿,其質(zhì)譜圖及裂解途徑示于圖3。
根據(jù)保留時間的先后和質(zhì)子化分子離子峰,推測成分2為哈爾滿,成分3為哈爾醇。從表1可推測去氫駱駝蓬堿及其衍生物在經(jīng)碰撞誘導(dǎo)電離后易產(chǎn)生NCH2(28 u)碎片。
成分10的裂解途徑與去氫駱駝蓬堿不同,經(jīng)碰撞活化后,[10+H]+丟失OCH3(31 u)和C2H6N(43 u),其一、二級質(zhì)譜碎片信息與文獻(xiàn)[12]報道的一致,因此推測成分10為四氫哈爾明堿,其質(zhì)譜圖和裂解途徑示于圖4。
表1 駱駝蓬子甲醇提取物中的主要化學(xué)成分Table 1 Major chemical constituents in methanolic extract of seeds of Peganumharmala L.
續(xù)表1
圖2 去氫駱駝蓬堿標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品的質(zhì)譜圖Fig.2 MS spectrum of harmine in positive ion mode
2.2.2 喹唑酮類生物堿結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定 喹唑酮類生物堿是駱駝蓬子中含量較高的生物堿。成分13電噴霧電離產(chǎn)生[13+H]+(m/z189.101 8),經(jīng)二、三級質(zhì)譜碰撞電離后,產(chǎn)生m/z170.948 3和m/z153.892 9碎片離子,這與鴨嘴花堿標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品的碎片信息一致,因此推測成分13為鴨嘴花堿,其質(zhì)譜圖示于圖5。成分17的質(zhì)子化準(zhǔn)分子離子峰為m/z351.154 1,經(jīng)二級質(zhì)譜碰撞活化丟失C6H10O5(162 u)產(chǎn)生m/z188.936 1碎片離子,繼續(xù)碰撞后丟失OH(17 u)產(chǎn)生m/z170.974 7碎片離子,其二、三級質(zhì)譜碎片信息與鴨嘴花堿的一、二級質(zhì)譜碎片信息一致,因此推測化合物17為鴨嘴花糖苷,其質(zhì)譜圖和裂解途徑示于圖6。
成分16的質(zhì)子化準(zhǔn)分子離子峰為m/z365.134 1,通過二級質(zhì)譜碰撞活化丟失C6H10O5(162 u)產(chǎn)生m/z202.965 0碎片離子,繼續(xù)電離后產(chǎn)生m/z184.884 5碎片離子,其二、三級質(zhì)譜碎片信息與文獻(xiàn)[11]報道的一致,因此推測成分16為鴨嘴花酮堿葡萄糖苷。
圖3 路因堿的質(zhì)譜圖(a)和裂解規(guī)律(b)Fig.3 MS spectrum (a) and fragmentation pathway (b) of ruine in positive ion mode
圖4 四氫哈爾明堿的質(zhì)譜圖(a)和裂解途徑(b)Fig.4 MS spectrum (a) and fragmentation pathway (b) of tetrahydroharmine in positive ion mode
圖5 鴨嘴花堿標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品質(zhì)譜圖Fig.5 MS spectrum of peganine standard
圖6 鴨嘴花糖苷的質(zhì)譜圖(a)和裂解途徑(b)Fig.6 MS spectrum (a) and fragmentation pathway (b) of tetrahydroharmine in positive ion mode
成分19電噴霧電離產(chǎn)生質(zhì)子化離子[19+H]+m/z205.096 8,經(jīng)碰撞誘導(dǎo)電離丟失一分子H2O(18 u)和CH3(15 u)產(chǎn)生m/z186.952 0和m/z169.909 7碎片離子,這與文獻(xiàn)[12]報道的一致,因此推測成分19為駱駝蓬胺堿。
成分20電噴霧電離產(chǎn)生質(zhì)子化離子[20+H]+m/z367.149 5,經(jīng)碰撞誘導(dǎo)電離丟失C6H10O5(162 u)和H2O(18 u)產(chǎn)生m/z205.0和m/z187碎片離子,因此推測成分20為駱駝蓬胺堿的糖苷。
本研究采用LTQ-Orbitrap高分辨質(zhì)譜技術(shù)分析了駱駝蓬子甲醇提取物,通過結(jié)合相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)和多級質(zhì)譜裂解規(guī)律,共鑒定出20種成分。其中,鴨嘴花酮堿葡萄糖苷、3-羥基-去氫駱駝蓬堿和鴨嘴花堿糖苷為首次從駱駝蓬子中鑒定得到,實驗還對路因堿、鴨嘴花堿糖苷和四氫哈爾明的質(zhì)譜裂解途徑進(jìn)行了分析。根據(jù)去氫駱駝蓬堿的裂解途徑,推測出一系列去氫駱駝蓬堿衍生物的裂解規(guī)律,并根據(jù)駱駝蓬胺堿已知成分的裂解規(guī)律,初步推測了駱駝蓬胺堿糖苷的結(jié)構(gòu),但具體位置還需通過核磁等其他技術(shù)進(jìn)一步證明。
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Identification of Alkaloids in Seeds ofPeganumharmalaLinn. and Analysis of Their Fragmentation Pathways by LTQ-Orbitrap MS
GAO Jian1, ZHANG Ya-li1, MIAO Xiang-zhen1, ZHANG Xiao1, YUAN Jiang1, WANG Jia-li1, ZHENG Chun-mei2, LIU Yong-gang1, TAN Peng1
(1.BeijingUniversityofChineseMedicine,Beijing100102,China;2.BeijingHarmonyHealthMedicalDiagnosticsCo.,Ltd,Beijing101111,China)
The seed ofPeganumharmalaLinn. belonging to the family of Zygophyllaceae, is a perennial herb which grows in semi-arid condition, steppe area and sandy soil. In China,Peganumharmalaas a folk medicine has been used since antiquity among the Uighur, Kazakh and Mongolia for the treatment of cold, asthma, malaria, rheumatism, lumbago and some skin diseases such as scabies. The content of total alkaloids in ripe seeds could reach as high as 6% mainly in the form of harmaline and harmine, which were the first isolated in the last century. The problem was that the type and content of the rest of the alkaloids in the seeds ofPeganumharmalawere unknown. The aim of this work was to identify chemical constituents in the methanolic extract found inPeganumharmala. The extract of seeds ofPeganumharmalawere analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column with the mobile phase of acetonitril-water (0.5% ammonia water) and step gradient elution. The ESI-MS analysis was operated at the range ofm/z100-1 000 in positive ionization mode. High-resolution mass spectrometry techniques have proven to be a reliable tool for the structural elucidation of unknown compounds in complex samples. In this context, linear ion trap quadrupole-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (LTQ-Orbitrap MS) provides single-stage mass analysis that supplies molecular weight information and multi-stage mass analysis (MSn) that provides structural information. Moreover, accurate mass measurement of the product ions facilitates the elucidation of unknown compounds. A total of twenty-two compounds of seeds are identified from the methanolic extract in the seeds ofPeganumharmala, such as 10 isoquinoline alkaloid and 10 quinazolone alkaloids, which are characterized in the methanolic extract,based on the accurate mass of molecular and product ions provided by LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. As far as we know, these compounds have been recognized in seeds ofPeganumharmalafor the first time, such as glycosides vasicine, glycosides pegamine, 3-hydroxylated harmine. The method is rapid and simple in the qualitative analysis of licorice using LC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS, which could prove to have a high sensitivity and the result is accurate and reliable. It is an effective method to provide chemical information concerning the constituents in herbal medicines, which could be helpful for the quality control and further phytochemical studies of seeds ofPeganumharmalaL.
LTQ-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometers (LTQ-Orbitrap MS); seeds ofPeganumharmalaL.; fragmentation pathways; alkaloids
2016-03-04;
2016-03-27
北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)中青年教師項目(2016-JYB-QNJSZX003)資助
高 簡(1993—),女(漢族),北京人,碩士研究生,從事中藥化學(xué)和炮制機(jī)理研究。E-mail: 18649037046@163.com
譚 鵬(1980—),男(漢族),山東濰坊人,副教授,從事中藥炮制機(jī)理研究。E-mail: tanpengtcm@163.com
劉永剛(1981—),男(漢族),山東臨沂人,副教授,從事中藥化學(xué)研究。E-mail: liuyg0228@163.com
O657.63
A
1004-2997(2017)01-0089-08
10.7538/zpxb.2017.38.01.0089