張敬一

摘要：在英漢兩種語言中，被動(dòng)句是重要而又常見的語言現(xiàn)象。在某些文體中，使用被動(dòng)句幾乎成了一種表達(dá)習(xí)慣。學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)句也是對(duì)于英漢學(xué)習(xí)者的難點(diǎn)之一。本文介紹了英漢被動(dòng)句的特點(diǎn)以及翻譯策略。

關(guān)鍵詞：被動(dòng)句；翻譯策略

Translation from Chinese to English

1.1 Translation of Chinese Structural Passive Sentences into English

Chinese structural passive sentences is expressed by some words or phrases such as “被、給、讓、叫” and so on.

For example：

我們隨時(shí)都會(huì)被出入機(jī)場(chǎng)的敵機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)。

Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.

1.2 Translation of Chinese Ideational Passive into English

There are some sentences without apparent passive marks in Chinese.

For example：

沒有摩擦，許多事情就無法做到。

Without friction， many things cannot be done.

1.3 Translation of Chinese Active Sentences into English

Many Chinese active sentences can be translated into English as passive sentences.

For example：

中美兩國(guó)已經(jīng)建立了長(zhǎng)期的友好合作關(guān)系。

Long-term cooperative partnership has been established between China and USA.

Translation from English to Chinese

2.1 Translation into Chinese Passive Sentences

When the agent does not appear in English passive sentences， Chinese translation should be translated as sequence “patient+被+verb”. Sometimes， agent appears in English passive sentences， Chinese translation should be translated as sequence “patient+被+agent +verb”.

For example：

When we were first captured my own reaction was mainly one of fear and suspicion.

我們剛被俘時(shí)，我的感覺是又害怕又懷疑。

2.2 Translation into Chinese Active Sentences

Because of the habit of Chinese expressions， English passive sentences can be mostly translated into Chinese as active sentences.

For example：

The organism must be grown on artificial food in the laboratory.

該細(xì)菌必須在實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)接種到人工培養(yǎng)基上。

2.3 Translation into Chinese Judgment Sentences

If English focuses on time， place and manner rather than action itself affected by the patient， it can be translated into Chinese as judgment sentences such as “是…的”.

For example：

The Arab people of our entire region are noted for their staunch struggle and ability to surmount all difficulties.

我們整個(gè)地區(qū)的阿拉伯人民，是以其堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的斗爭(zhēng)和能夠克服任何困難而著名的。

Bibliography：

[1]Quirk，R. et al. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language [M]. London： Longman， 1985.

[2]薄冰.英語語法札記（第二集）[M].外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，1990.