陸建榮++張玲++班華杰++王代友
【摘要】目的評估多西他賽/奧沙利鉑/氟尿嘧啶(TOF)方案對口腔鱗癌誘導(dǎo)化療的近期療效和安全性。
方法將69例口腔鱗癌患者隨機(jī)分為兩組,分別用TOF方案化療36例及PF方案(順鉑/氟尿嘧啶)化療33例。TOF方案:多西他塞,第1天75 mg/m2;奧沙利鉑,第1天130 mg/m2;氟尿嘧啶,第1~5天750 mg/m2。2周后重復(fù)治療1次,共進(jìn)行2個(gè)療程。PF方案:順鉑,第一天75 mg/m2;氟尿嘧啶,第1~5天750 mg/m2。2周后重復(fù)治療1次,共進(jìn)行2個(gè)療程。于療程結(jié)束后,對比評價(jià)兩種方案的療效及不良反應(yīng)。
結(jié)果近期療效觀察:TOF方案組為CR 4例、PR 22例、SD 10例、PD 0例,總有效率(CR+PR)為72.2%;PF方案組為CR 0例、PR 16例、SD 15例、PD 2例,總有效率(CR+PR)為48.5%。兩組總有效率比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。在骨髓抑制、胃腸道反應(yīng)、腎毒性反應(yīng)、周圍神經(jīng)毒性、脫發(fā)等不良反應(yīng)上兩組發(fā)生率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
結(jié)論TOF方案治療口腔鱗癌近期療效好,不良反應(yīng)較低,在臨床上值得推廣應(yīng)用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】奧沙利鉑;順鉑;氟尿嘧啶;口腔鱗癌
中圖分類號:R739.85文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ADOI:10.3969/j.issn.10031383.2017.01.005
Observation of short term efficacy and adverse effects of TOF regimen in the chemotherapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma
[HJ2][HJ]
LU Jianrong1,ZHANG Ling1,BAN Huajie1,WANG Daiyou2▲
(1.Department of Stomatology,Peoples Hospital of Yizhou City,Yizhou 546300;China;2.Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,China)
[HJ2][HJ]
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo evaluate shorttime efficacy and safety of docetaxel/oxaliplatin/fluorouracil(TOF) regimen in the chemotherapy on oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).
Methods69 cases of OSCC were divided randomly into TOF group(n=36) and PF (cisplatin fluorouracil) group (n=33).The TOF regimen:75 mg/m2 of docetaxel at d1,130 mg/m2 of oxaliplatin at d1 and 750 mg/m2 of fluorouracil from d1 to d5.Patients were treated again for one time two weeks later,with a total of two courses of treatment.The PF regimen:75 mg/m2 of cisplatin at d1,750 mg/m2 of fluorouracil from d1 to d5.Patients were treated again for one time two weeks later,with a total of two courses of treatment.After treatment,efficacy and adverse reactions of the two regimens were compared between the two treatment groups.
ResultsShorttime efficacy of TOF regimen showed 4 cases of complete response(CR),22 cases of partial response(PR),10 cases of stable disease(SD) and no progressive disease(PD) case,and overall response rate(CR+PR) was 72.2%.In the other hand,the PF regimen showed no CR case,16 cases of PR,15 cases of SD and 2 cases of PD,and the overall response rate was 48.5%.Difference of the response rate between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Difference of incidence of adverse reactions such as arrest of bone,gastrointestinal disturbances,renal toxicity,peripheral neuritis and lipsotrichia between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).
ConclusionTOF regimen for induction chemotherapy of OSCC has marked shortterm effects with few adverse reactions.So it is worth popularizing and applying on clinic.
【Key words】oxaliplatin;cisplatin;fluorouracil;OSCC
順鉑與氟尿嘧啶聯(lián)合的PF方案(cisplatin fluorouracil,PF)是目前臨床上治療口腔鱗狀細(xì)胞癌較為常用的方案[1],但其治療效果仍有待提高。奧沙利鉑是第三代鉑類抗腫瘤藥,與其他抗癌藥物聯(lián)合應(yīng)用具有較好的治療效果,且不良反應(yīng)較輕[2~4]。為探索療效好、副作用小的合理方案在治療口腔鱗癌臨床上的應(yīng)用,我們聯(lián)合多西他賽/奧沙利鉑/氟尿嘧啶(Docetaxel/Oxaliplatin/Fluorouracil,TOF)方案對我科近年來收治的口腔鱗癌患者進(jìn)行化療,并對該方案的近期療效及不良反應(yīng)與PF方案進(jìn)行了對比觀察,現(xiàn)總結(jié)報(bào)告如下。
1資料與方法
1.1病例收集
收集2012年1月~2016年9月在我科治療的口腔鱗狀細(xì)胞癌患者69例,所有患者均經(jīng)病理活檢證實(shí)為口腔鱗狀細(xì)胞癌,未接受相關(guān)治療且無化療禁忌證。將69例患者隨機(jī)分為TOF組及PF組。TOF組36例,男21例,女15例,年齡21~72歲,平均(53.50±9.04)歲;Ⅱ期6例,Ⅲ期13例,Ⅳ期17例;舌鱗癌15例,口底鱗癌8例,牙齦鱗癌6例,頰黏膜鱗癌4例,腭黏膜鱗癌3例;高分化26 例,低分化10例。PF組33 例,男19例,女14例,年齡20~75 歲,平均(55.10±10.58)歲;Ⅱ期4例,Ⅲ期14 例,Ⅳ期15 例;舌鱗癌13例,口底鱗癌8例,牙齦鱗癌7例,頰黏膜鱗癌4例,腭黏膜鱗癌1例;高分化25例,低分化8例。兩組患者性別、年齡、腫瘤分期等一般資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
首診患者均經(jīng)病理活檢證實(shí)為口腔鱗狀細(xì)胞癌,未經(jīng)任何相關(guān)治療。通過入院常規(guī)檢查,如三大常規(guī)、血生化檢查、心電圖、胸片等判斷全身情況能接受本化療方案,并簽知情同意書。
1.3排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
通過入院常規(guī)檢查,如三大常規(guī)、血生化檢查、心電圖、胸片等判斷全身情況。排除全身情況差,不能耐受治療的患者。
1.4化療方案
TOF方案用藥方法:多西他塞(江蘇瑞恒醫(yī)藥股份有限公司),第1天75 mg/m2;奧沙利鉑(江蘇瑞恒醫(yī)藥股份有限公司),第1天130 mg/m2;氟尿嘧啶(上海旭東海普藥業(yè)有限公司),第1~5天750 mg/m2,共進(jìn)行2個(gè)療程。PF方案用藥方法:順鉑(北京索萊寶科技有限公司),第1天75 mg/m2;氟尿嘧啶(上海旭東海普藥業(yè)有限公司),第1~5天750 mg/m2,2周后重復(fù)治療1次,共進(jìn)行2個(gè)療程。在化療期間檢測患者血常規(guī)、肝腎功能等變化,并給予利血生、鯊肝醇、維生素B6等保護(hù)骨髓的藥物治療。
1.5療效評價(jià)
根據(jù)腫瘤CT及腫瘤邊界定點(diǎn)檢查結(jié)果測量腫瘤瘤體大?。ㄗ畲箝L徑、最大橫徑)。第一次入院化療前測量瘤體大小1次,整個(gè)療程結(jié)束后2周再次測量腫瘤大小。療效評價(jià)參照WHO實(shí)體瘤客觀療效評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行,CR+PR即視為有效。CR:腫瘤完全消退;PR:腫瘤體積減小50%以上,無新的病變出現(xiàn);SD:腫瘤體積減小<50%或者增大在25%以內(nèi),無新的病變出現(xiàn);PD:腫瘤增大25%以上,有新的病變出現(xiàn)。
1.6不良反應(yīng)評估
在化療過程中定期行血常規(guī)、尿常規(guī)、肝腎功能、心電圖、胸片、心肺功能等檢查,以判斷患者的全身情況變化及不良反應(yīng)。不良反應(yīng)評價(jià)按WHO抗癌藥物急性及亞急性不良反應(yīng)分度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行。主要包括:骨髓抑制反應(yīng)、胃腸道反應(yīng)、腎毒性反應(yīng)、周圍神經(jīng)毒性反應(yīng)、脫發(fā)等。
1.7統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 16.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),進(jìn)行卡方檢驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn):α=0.05。
2結(jié)果
69例口腔鱗癌患者均按計(jì)劃完成化療,療程結(jié)束2周后,對患者進(jìn)行了近期療效及不良反應(yīng)評價(jià)。
2.1近期療效
TOF組:CR 4例、PR 22例、SD 10例、PD 0例,總有效率(CR+PR)為72.2%;PF組:CR 0例、PR 16例、SD 15例、PD 2例,總有效率(CR+PR)為48.5%。經(jīng)檢驗(yàn),兩組總有效率比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.073,P<0.05)。見表1。
2.2不良反應(yīng)
TOF組:骨髓抑制反應(yīng)13例(36.1%),胃腸道反應(yīng)12例(33.3%),腎毒性反應(yīng)11例(30.6%),周圍神經(jīng)毒性反應(yīng)8例(22.2%),脫發(fā)13例(36.1%);PF組:骨髓抑制反應(yīng)10例(30.3%),胃腸道反應(yīng)15例(45.5%),腎毒性反應(yīng)12例(34.3%),周圍神經(jīng)毒性反應(yīng)5例(15.2%),脫發(fā)11例(28.2%)。兩組各項(xiàng)不良反應(yīng)比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表2。以上不良反應(yīng)經(jīng)對癥治療后均能恢復(fù)正常,具有可逆性,無不良反應(yīng)造成死亡病例。
3討論
口腔鱗癌化療有多種不同治療方案,鉑類化療藥物對口腔鱗癌具有明顯效果。而鉑類藥物與其他類型化療藥物聯(lián)合應(yīng)用,可進(jìn)一步提高口腔鱗癌的治療效果[5],如順鉑和氟尿嘧啶是口腔鱗癌化療中最常用的方案。自20世紀(jì)90年代開始,順鉑和氟尿嘧啶一直是頭頸部鱗狀細(xì)胞癌的首選藥物。多西他賽是一種半合成的紫杉類抗腫瘤藥,其抗腫瘤機(jī)制是其酯側(cè)鏈能特異地結(jié)合到微管β位上,引起微管聚合成束,并抑制微管解聚及正常重組,從而使細(xì)胞增殖停止,達(dá)到抗腫瘤的作用。多西他賽已經(jīng)被證明是單一治療頭頸部癌的有效藥物[6]。近年來大量臨床研究證明由多西他賽/氟尿嘧啶聯(lián)合鉑類藥物組成的方案比順鉑/氟尿嘧啶方案在治療頭頸部癌方面具有更好的療效[7~10]。
奧沙利鉑是第三代鉑類抗癌藥物,抗癌譜廣、毒副反應(yīng)輕微是其主要特點(diǎn),它是繼順鉑、卡鉑之后抗癌譜更廣、療效更好、毒性更低,且與順鉑和卡鉑無交叉耐藥的鉑類抗癌藥。動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)多西他賽(紫杉醇)可降低奧沙利鉑對核仁的損害和神經(jīng)毒性。奧沙利鉑與氟尿嘧啶聯(lián)合應(yīng)用也具有協(xié)同作用[11]。臨床研究還表明,在含有奧沙利鉑的化療方案中,其治療晚期胃癌患者所發(fā)揮的療效要優(yōu)于氟尿嘧啶聯(lián)合順鉑方案[12]。
在本臨床觀察中,我們利用TOF方案誘導(dǎo)化療口腔鱗癌36例,觀察其近期療效及不良反應(yīng)。TOF組治療總有效率為72.2%,近期療效優(yōu)于PF方案。其不良反應(yīng)主要為骨髓抑制、胃腸道反應(yīng)、腎毒性反應(yīng)、周圍神經(jīng)毒性反應(yīng)、脫發(fā),與PF方案相近,患者可耐受,經(jīng)對癥治療后可恢復(fù)正常,具有可逆性,能配合完成TOF方案整個(gè)療程治療。
總之,本研究表明用TOF方案治療口腔鱗癌,近期療效好,不良反應(yīng)小,具有可逆性,值得在臨床應(yīng)用推廣。
參考文獻(xiàn)
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(收稿日期:2016-11-25修回日期:2016-12-26)
(編輯:潘明志)