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彩超引導(dǎo)下阻滯C2~C5及C5~T1神經(jīng)節(jié)治療頭頸肩痛的比較研究

2017-05-15 05:49李珂陳合欽張妙賢牛從芳彭玲吳青華王玲
實(shí)用醫(yī)藥雜志 2017年5期
關(guān)鍵詞:頸肩痛肩痛神經(jīng)節(jié)

李珂,陳合欽,張妙賢,牛從芳,彭玲,吳青華,王玲

彩超引導(dǎo)下阻滯C2~C5及C5~T1神經(jīng)節(jié)治療頭頸肩痛的比較研究

李珂,陳合欽,張妙賢,牛從芳,彭玲,吳青華,王玲

目的對(duì)比研究彩超引導(dǎo)下阻滯C2~C5及C5~T1神經(jīng)節(jié)治療頸肩疼痛的療效。方法將12例以單側(cè)頭痛為主的頭頸肩痛患者分為C2~C5治療組和C5~T1治療組;將16例以單側(cè)肩痛、上肢麻木為主的頭頸肩痛患者分為C2~C5治療組和C5~T1治療組;在阻滯藥物、阻滯方法、阻滯療程相同情況下對(duì)治療后3 d、1 w、1個(gè)月及3個(gè)月的VAS疼痛評(píng)分及療效進(jìn)行對(duì)比。結(jié)果C2~C5神經(jīng)阻滯對(duì)以頭痛為主的頭頸肩痛患者短期、長(zhǎng)期療效顯著(P< 0.05),C5~T1神經(jīng)阻滯對(duì)以肩痛、上肢麻木為主的頭頸肩痛短期、長(zhǎng)期療效顯著(P<0.05)。結(jié)論彩超引導(dǎo)下阻滯C2~C5神經(jīng)節(jié)治療頭痛為主的頭頸肩痛有效,彩超引導(dǎo)下阻滯C5~T1神經(jīng)節(jié)治療肩痛、上肢麻木為主的頭頸肩痛有效。

彩色多普勒引導(dǎo);頸神經(jīng)節(jié);神經(jīng)阻滯;頭頸肩痛

彩超引導(dǎo)下外周神經(jīng)阻滯治療身體各個(gè)部位疼痛在國(guó)內(nèi)方興未艾。傳統(tǒng)的神經(jīng)阻滯常用體表標(biāo)記法、經(jīng)驗(yàn)法等。因神經(jīng)節(jié)在不同患者體表投影存在差異,體表標(biāo)記、經(jīng)驗(yàn)法等治療效果也各具差異。彩超引導(dǎo)下神經(jīng)阻滯既可精準(zhǔn)定位目標(biāo)神經(jīng)節(jié),又可避開神經(jīng)節(jié)周圍的重要血管、臟器,避免不必要的損傷,較體表標(biāo)記法、經(jīng)驗(yàn)法等更為切實(shí)可靠。目前世界上應(yīng)用最普遍的外周神經(jīng)阻滯方法依然是神經(jīng)刺激儀法或體表標(biāo)記法,特別是在發(fā)展中國(guó)家[1]。頭頸肩痛是現(xiàn)代生活方式的衍生物,較為常見,神經(jīng)節(jié)C2~T1節(jié)段是頭頸肩部比較確定的反射區(qū),阻滯C2~T1神經(jīng)節(jié)在治療頸肩疼痛方面有效[2]。第八版系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)認(rèn)為,頸叢起源于C2~C5脊神經(jīng)(腹側(cè)支),支配頭、頸及肩前大部等部位;肌間溝、臂叢起源于C5~T1脊神經(jīng)根(腹側(cè)支),支配頸、肩及上臂等部位[3]。分析C2~C5神經(jīng)節(jié)和C5~T1神經(jīng)節(jié)的阻滯療效,總結(jié)頸叢(C2~C5)和臂叢(C5~T1)對(duì)頭頸肩疼痛治療的差異,可制定出如頭頸痛、頸肩痛等更具個(gè)體化的治療方案,避免了C2~T1漫長(zhǎng)神經(jīng)線路的盲目阻滯。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料篩選28例單側(cè)頭頸肩痛患者,排除脊髓型頸椎病引起的頭頸肩痛,其中神經(jīng)根型19例,交感型8例,椎動(dòng)脈型1例;視覺(jué)模擬VAS評(píng)分4~6分21例,7~10分7例;男11例,女17例;年齡39~61歲,平均(45±4.5)歲;單側(cè)頭痛為主的頭頸肩痛患者12例,分為C2~C5治療組和C5~T1治療組;單側(cè)肩痛、上肢麻木為主的頭頸肩痛患者16例,分為C2~C5治療組和C5~T1治療組?;颊咦铚委熐熬炇鹬橥鈺?/p>

1.2 方法術(shù)前行心電、血壓、凝血等常規(guī)檢查?;颊哐雠P位,患側(cè)頸肩部充分暴露。運(yùn)用GE-LOGIQE9彩超、6~15 MHz探頭定位。配制神經(jīng)阻滯藥物(醋酸曲安奈德注射液10 mg+2%利多卡因5 ml+0.9%生理鹽水10 ml)共16 ml。探頭縱向掃查C2~T1,避開頸動(dòng)脈并清晰顯示橫突及頸叢神經(jīng),采用平面外進(jìn)針?lè)?。C2~C5治療組在C3~C4之間注射神經(jīng)阻滯藥10 ml、C4~C5之間注射神經(jīng)阻滯藥8 ml,共16 ml。C5~T1治療組在C5~C6之間注射神經(jīng)阻滯藥8 ml、C6~C7或C7~T1之間注射神經(jīng)阻滯藥8 ml,共16 ml。注射過(guò)程中嚴(yán)格避免針尖過(guò)深進(jìn)入橫突孔內(nèi)的椎動(dòng)脈。VAS評(píng)分4~6分的患者進(jìn)行2個(gè)療程阻滯治療;VAS評(píng)分7~10分的患者進(jìn)行3個(gè)療程阻滯治療。治療后3 d、1 w、1個(gè)月及3個(gè)月的數(shù)字模擬評(píng)分(VAS)及療效進(jìn)行對(duì)比。

1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法應(yīng)用SPSS 18.0對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),采用方差分析、t檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為結(jié)果有差異,以P<0.01為結(jié)果有顯著差異。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 頭痛為主頭頸肩痛患者C2~C5、C5~T1組阻滯前后VAS評(píng)分以頭痛為主的頭頸肩痛12例患者分組治療后,C2~C5組及C5~T1組短期均顯效。但隨訪時(shí),長(zhǎng)期療效有差異:C2~C5組在治療后3 d、1 w、1個(gè)月VAS數(shù)字模擬評(píng)差異顯著(P<0.01),3個(gè)月VAS數(shù)字模擬評(píng)分有差異(P<0.05);C5~T1組在治療后3 d、1 w VAS數(shù)字模擬評(píng)差異顯著(P<0.01),1個(gè)月VAS數(shù)字模擬評(píng)分有差異(P<0.05),3個(gè)月VAS數(shù)字模擬評(píng)分無(wú)差異(P>0.05)。見表1。

2.2 肩痛為主頭頸肩痛患者C2~C5、C5~T1組阻滯前后VAS評(píng)分以肩痛、上肢麻木為主的頭頸肩痛16例患者分組治療后,C2~C5組及C5~T1組短期均顯效。但隨訪時(shí),長(zhǎng)期療效仍有差異:C2~C5組在治療后3 d VAS數(shù)字模擬評(píng)差異顯著(P<0.01),1 w、1個(gè)月VAS數(shù)字模擬評(píng)分有差異(P<0.05),3個(gè)月VAS數(shù)字模擬評(píng)分無(wú)差異(P>0.05);C5~T1組在治療后3 d、1 w VAS數(shù)字模擬評(píng)差異顯著(P<0.01),1個(gè)月、3個(gè)月VAS數(shù)字模擬評(píng)分有差異(P<0.05)。見表2。

2.3 兩組患者阻滯治療療效的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析C2~C5神經(jīng)阻滯對(duì)以頭痛為主的頭頸肩痛患者短期、長(zhǎng)期療效顯著,C5~T1神經(jīng)阻滯對(duì)以肩痛、上肢麻木為主的頭頸肩痛患者短期、長(zhǎng)期療效顯著。見表3。

3 討論

彩超引導(dǎo)下阻滯頸叢神經(jīng)治療頭頸肩痛,應(yīng)嚴(yán)格掌握術(shù)前適應(yīng)證,適合神經(jīng)根型、椎動(dòng)脈型、交感型頸椎病引起的頭頸肩痛,不適合脊髓型頸椎病所致的頭頸肩痛。另外,平面內(nèi)、平面外進(jìn)針?lè)ňm合本研究的頸叢神經(jīng)阻滯[4],在避免藥物進(jìn)入血管或針頭刺傷神經(jīng)的基礎(chǔ)上,針尖刺入神經(jīng)鞘后緩慢注藥,透過(guò)彌散作用達(dá)到神經(jīng)束膜及神經(jīng)束[5,6]。

表112 例頭痛為主頭頸肩痛患者C2~C5、C5~T1組阻滯前后VAS評(píng)分

表216 例肩痛為主頭頸肩痛患者C2~C5、C5~T1組阻滯前后VAS評(píng)分

表3 兩組患者阻滯治療療效統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

彩超引導(dǎo)下阻滯C2~C5及C5~T1神經(jīng)節(jié)治療頭頸肩痛的對(duì)比研究,進(jìn)一步證明第八版系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)關(guān)于C2~C5支配頭、頸等部位;C5~T1支配頸、肩及上臂等部位的論述,彩超引導(dǎo)下阻滯C2~C5神經(jīng)節(jié)治療頭痛為主的頭頸肩痛患者有效,彩超引導(dǎo)下阻滯C5~T1神經(jīng)節(jié)治療肩痛、上肢麻木為主的頭頸肩痛患者有效。臨床可根據(jù)頭頸肩痛患者疼痛部位制定更具針對(duì)性的個(gè)體化治療方案。

[1]Beach ML,Site BD,Gallagher JD.Use of a nerve stimulator does not improve the efficacy of ultrasound-guided supraclavicular nerve blocks[J].J Clin Anesth,2006,18(8):580-584.

[2]Neal JM,Grancher JC,Hebl JR,et al.Upper extremity regional anesthesia:essentials of our current understanding[J].Reg Anesth,2008,34(2):134-139.

[3]柏樹令,應(yīng)大君.系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)[M].第8版.北京:人民衛(wèi)生出版社,2009:385-373.

[4]Gray AT.Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia:Current state of the art[J].Anesthesiology,2006,104(2):368-373.

[5]Dmir Hadzic.外周神經(jīng)組織與超聲介入解剖[M].第2版.北京:北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)出版社,2014:415-420.

[6]Ernando L Arbona,Babak Khabiri,John A Norton.超聲引導(dǎo)下區(qū)域麻醉周圍神經(jīng)阻滯及置管實(shí)用操作方法[M].第2版.北京:北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)出版社,2015:243-250.

[2016-10-18收稿,2016-11-15修回][本文編輯:宋敏]

Comparative study on treatment for head neck and shoulder pain with blocking C2-C5and blocking C5-T1ganglion under the guidance of color Doppler ultrasound

LI Ke①,CHEN He-qin,ZHANG Miao-xian,et al.
①Department of Special Examination,the 150th Hospital of Chinese PLA,Luoyang,Henan 471031,China

ObjectiveTo compare the curative effect of blocking C2-C5and blocking C5-T1ganglion under color Doppler ultrasound in the treatment of head neck and shoulder pain.MethodsTwelve patients with head and neck and shoulder pain were divided into C2-C5treatment group and C5-T1treatment group.16 patients with shoulder pain and upper limb numbness were divided into C2-C5treatment group and C5-T1treatment group.The VAS and the curative effect were evaluated 3 days after the treatment,1 week,1 month and 3 months with the same block drug,block method and block treatment.ResultsThe C2-C5nerve blocking had significant short-term and long-term efficacy in head and neck shoulder pain patients predominanted by headache(P<0.05),C5-T1nerve blocking had significant short-term and long-term efficacy in the patients predominanted by shoulder pain and upper limb numbness(P<0.05).ConclusionIn the patients with head neck and shoulder pain,C2-C5nerve blocking in the patients predominanted by headache had short-term and long-term effect significantly(P<0.0.5),C5-T1nerve block to patients predominanted by shoulder pain,upper limb numbness had short-term and long-term effect significantly(P<0.05).

Color Doppler ultrasound guidance;Cervical nerve node;Nerve block;Head neck and shoulder pain

R445.1

A

10.14172/j.issn1671-4008.2017.05.010

471031河南洛陽(yáng),解放軍150醫(yī)院特檢科(李珂,張妙賢,牛從芳,彭玲),麻醉科(陳合欽,吳青華,王玲)

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