国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

OVCF的微創(chuàng)治療與再骨折風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的臨床研究

2017-05-18 08:17胡資兵陳海聰鐘秋英孫杰聰吳少科
關(guān)鍵詞:壓縮性成形術(shù)骨密度

胡資兵,陳海聰,鐘秋英,孫杰聰,向 旻,吳少科

(1廣東醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院骨科中心,廣東湛江524001;2湖南省婁底職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)院,湖南婁底417000)

·臨床與轉(zhuǎn)化醫(yī)學(xué)·

OVCF的微創(chuàng)治療與再骨折風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的臨床研究

胡資兵1,陳海聰1,鐘秋英2,孫杰聰1,向 旻1,吳少科1

(1廣東醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院骨科中心,廣東湛江524001;2湖南省婁底職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)院,湖南婁底417000)

目的:探討經(jīng)皮椎體后凸成形術(shù)(PKP)與經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)(PVP)對(duì)骨質(zhì)疏松性脊椎壓縮性骨折(OVCF)的臨床療效與再骨折的風(fēng)險(xiǎn).方法:選擇骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折患者78例,隨機(jī)分為兩組,對(duì)照組(n=39)給予PVP治療;治療組(n=39)給予PKP治療,術(shù)后繼續(xù)常規(guī)抗骨質(zhì)疏松治療.術(shù)后3 d記錄NRS疼痛評(píng)分、椎體高度和cobb角改善情況,平均隨訪36個(gè)月,觀察患者骨密度值的變化及再骨折發(fā)生的情況.結(jié)果:術(shù)后疼痛癥狀和骨密度較術(shù)前有所改善,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),但對(duì)照組和治療組之間比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);PKP治療組的患者術(shù)后椎體高度和cobb角改善明顯優(yōu)于PVP組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);至隨訪終末,PKP組再骨折4例(10.0%),PVP組1例(2.5%).結(jié)論:PVP、PKP是治療骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折的有效手術(shù)方法,PKP更能有效恢復(fù)椎體高度、改善脊柱后凸畸形,但其再骨折的發(fā)生率高于PVP,針對(duì)不同患者合理選擇術(shù)式是關(guān)鍵.

骨質(zhì)疏松;壓縮性骨折;經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù);經(jīng)皮椎體后凸成形術(shù);再骨折

0 引言

目前我國(guó)已進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì),罹患骨質(zhì)疏松癥的患者數(shù)量明顯增多[1-2].由于骨質(zhì)疏松癥患者骨的脆性增加,骨折的危險(xiǎn)性也明顯增加[3],其中最常見(jiàn)的骨折是骨質(zhì)疏松性脊柱壓縮性骨折,其嚴(yán)重威脅著患者的生活質(zhì)量甚至生命[4].經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)(percutane?ous vertebroplasty,PVP)逐漸成為治療骨質(zhì)疏松性脊柱骨折的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)術(shù)式.經(jīng)皮球囊擴(kuò)張后凸成形術(shù)(per?cutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)有更低的骨水泥滲漏率及栓塞發(fā)生率[5-6],并且能更好地恢復(fù)椎體的高度[7-8],從而迅速減輕患者的癥狀.現(xiàn)回顧分析廣東醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院骨科于2011-01/2015-12采用PVP及PKP兩種術(shù)式治療骨質(zhì)疏松性脊椎壓縮性骨折的臨床資料,對(duì)比兩者的臨床治療效果及再骨折風(fēng)險(xiǎn).

1 資料和方法

1.1 一般資料經(jīng)臨床確診為骨質(zhì)疏松性脊柱壓縮性骨折患者78例,其中男24例,女54例,男女比例1∶2.25,年齡56~86(平均72)歲.患椎分布:T105例,T116例,T1224例,L120例,L217例,L46例.每例患者術(shù)前均進(jìn)行X線、CT、MRI明確脊椎壓縮程度、脊髓及神經(jīng)管壓迫及附件損傷情況.評(píng)估患者手術(shù)耐受水平,排除手術(shù)禁忌癥后,隨機(jī)分為PKP治療組(n=39)與PVP治療組(n=39).

1.2 治療方法兩種手術(shù)均由同一手術(shù)組完成.患者取俯臥位,上胸部及骨盆部分別墊一軟墊,腹部懸空,頭部前額墊一環(huán)形軟墊,術(shù)中給予局麻,對(duì)情緒緊張患者,可適當(dāng)應(yīng)用鎮(zhèn)靜藥物.術(shù)中采用C型臂X線機(jī)進(jìn)行透視.正位透視下,克氏針定位病椎椎弓根水平,椎弓根投影點(diǎn)外上方0.5 cm為進(jìn)針點(diǎn),透視下緩慢進(jìn)針,經(jīng)椎弓根進(jìn)入椎體中央,退出針芯,插入導(dǎo)針,擴(kuò)孔,放入工作套并固定.對(duì)于PVP,透視下緩慢推入骨水泥,骨水泥充盈良好、水泥固化后拔出套管,縫合傷口;對(duì)于PKP,放入球囊擴(kuò)展器,逐步加壓,透視下見(jiàn)椎體高度回復(fù)后退出擴(kuò)張器,后續(xù)步驟同PVP.術(shù)后給予骨化醇+鈣劑+降鈣素抗骨質(zhì)疏松治療.術(shù)后第3天復(fù)查X線,7~10天出院,出院后繼續(xù)抗骨質(zhì)疏松治療.

1.3 隨訪情況術(shù)前、術(shù)后3 d及隨訪檢查,術(shù)后隨訪24~72(平均36)個(gè)月,隨訪時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)為:3月、6月、12月、24月、36月、48月.

1.4 觀察指標(biāo)術(shù)前及術(shù)后隨訪采用疼痛視覺(jué)模擬評(píng)分(visual analog scale,VAS)評(píng)估患者腰背部疼痛情況,X線評(píng)估椎體及cobb角改善情況,雙能X線骨密度儀評(píng)估骨密度改變情況.同時(shí)觀察術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率,如再骨折率、骨水泥滲漏率.

1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理采用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料采用t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義.

2 結(jié)果

2.1 疼痛所有患者術(shù)后24 h內(nèi)疼痛均明顯減輕.VAS在PKP組出現(xiàn)明顯下降,從術(shù)前的8.39±0.32下降到術(shù)后的3.23±0.27,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001);同樣在PVP組也出現(xiàn)明顯下降,從術(shù)前的8.44±0.24下降到術(shù)后的3.16±0.30,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001).兩組VAS比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,圖1).

圖1 患者PVP、PKP術(shù)前,術(shù)后VAS評(píng)分

2.2 椎體恢復(fù)高度及cobb角術(shù)前PKP組椎體高度為1.12±0.22 cm,PVP組椎體高度為1.01±0.18 cm;術(shù)后PKP組椎體高度為2.41±0.34 cm(P<0.05),PVP組椎體高度為1.52±0.28cm(P<0.05,圖2).術(shù)前PKP組cobb角為16.0°±5.8°,PVP組cobb角為15.8°±5.3°;術(shù)后PKP組cobb角為8.8°±4.2°(P<0.05),PVP組cobb角為12.8°±3.6°(P<0.05,圖3).PKP組在椎體高度恢復(fù)及cobb角改善方面均比PVP組更明顯(P<0.05).

圖2 PVP/PKP術(shù)前、術(shù)后椎體高度

圖3 PVP/PKP術(shù)前、術(shù)后cobb角

2.3 骨密度兩組患者術(shù)前骨密度T值均<-2.5,PKP組:-3.40±0.39 SD;PVP組:-3.47±0.40 SD,兩組患者術(shù)前T值比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05).手術(shù)后繼續(xù)抗骨質(zhì)疏松治療及健康教育,骨密度逐漸提高,PKP組術(shù)后1年及術(shù)后2年T值:-1.57±0.48 SD及-0.39±0.41 SD.PKP組術(shù)后1年及術(shù)后2年T值:-1.63±0.44 SD及-0.48±0.40 SD,然而兩組術(shù)后1年及2年T值比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,圖4).

圖4 PVP/PKP術(shù)前、術(shù)后1年及2年患者腰椎骨密度T值

2.4 并發(fā)癥椎體再骨折,PKP組4例,占10%,PVP組1例,占2.5%,PKP組比PVP組椎體再骨折發(fā)生率高.骨水泥滲漏,PKP組未發(fā)現(xiàn)滲漏,PVP組發(fā)生滲漏5例,占12.9%,PKP組比PVP組骨水泥滲漏率低,兩組所有發(fā)生骨水泥滲漏的患者均未出現(xiàn)臨床癥狀,因此未給予處理.

表1 兩組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥比較

表1 兩組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥比較

3 討論

腰背部疼痛是骨質(zhì)疏松脊柱壓縮性骨折最為明顯的癥狀,嚴(yán)重影響患者的生活質(zhì)量.研究[9-11]已證明PVP及PKP手術(shù)均能夠有效緩解骨質(zhì)疏松脊柱壓縮性骨折所致的疼痛.在本研究中,根據(jù)患者的VAS評(píng)分,兩組患者術(shù)后比術(shù)前評(píng)分有明顯的下降,證明PVP及PKP均能夠明顯改善患者的腰背痛.而對(duì)比兩組患者術(shù)后的VAS評(píng)分,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者在緩解疼痛方面無(wú)差異,結(jié)果與之前的研究[12]結(jié)果一致.PKP及PVP手術(shù)能夠在短期內(nèi)一定程度上恢復(fù)椎體高度,減輕疼痛,能夠使患者早期活動(dòng),有利于病情的好轉(zhuǎn).

骨質(zhì)疏松脊柱壓縮性骨折患者會(huì)出現(xiàn)明顯的椎體高度的丟失,導(dǎo)致脊柱畸形,cobb角增大.國(guó)內(nèi)外研究[13-14]證明兩種手術(shù)均能恢復(fù)椎體高度,改善cobb角.本研究臨床觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),兩種手術(shù)均能夠促使骨折的復(fù)位,恢復(fù)椎體的高度及改善cobb角,相對(duì)于PVP,PKP在恢復(fù)椎體高度及改善cobb角兩方面效果更加顯著.而在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的觀察中發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著時(shí)間的推移,椎體高度有輕微的丟失,這可能與病椎兩個(gè)終板的下沉有關(guān).

骨密度常作為衡量骨質(zhì)疏松性骨折的重要指標(biāo).骨密度越低,患者發(fā)生骨折的概率越大.同時(shí),骨密度也作為骨質(zhì)疏松患者治療后恢復(fù)程度的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo).在本研究中,兩組患者術(shù)前的骨密度值明顯下降,明顯低于-2.5個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值(T值),而在術(shù)后繼續(xù)抗骨質(zhì)疏松治療,骨密度值逐步提高,因此術(shù)后繼續(xù)抗骨質(zhì)疏松意義重大,必須長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持.同時(shí)骨密度的改變是相鄰椎體骨折重要因素,提醒醫(yī)務(wù)工作者必須定期檢測(cè)骨密度值.

關(guān)于PVP/PKP術(shù)后是否引起相鄰椎體再骨折尚存爭(zhēng)議.相鄰椎體再骨折可能因?yàn)楣撬嗵畛鋵?dǎo)致通過(guò)脊柱的應(yīng)力發(fā)生改變,從而增加了相鄰椎體再骨折的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[15],而Villarraga等[16]認(rèn)為手術(shù)不是相鄰椎體骨折的原因.Korovessis等[17]通過(guò)追蹤手術(shù)椎體相鄰椎體終板的骨密度發(fā)現(xiàn):手術(shù)誘發(fā)的終板骨密度下降,可能為相鄰椎體骨折的誘發(fā)因素.另一個(gè)因素可能為患者術(shù)后未給予正規(guī)的抗骨質(zhì)疏松治療,骨密度值無(wú)改善甚至繼續(xù)降低,從而導(dǎo)致在活動(dòng)時(shí)出現(xiàn)再骨折.然而這兩種原因所致的再骨折往往難于鑒別.在本研究中,PVP組術(shù)后出現(xiàn)椎體再骨折1例,占2.5%;PKP組術(shù)后出現(xiàn)椎體再骨折4例,占10%,雖然PKP組高于PVP組,但由于樣本量少,兩組手術(shù)再骨折的發(fā)生率需要大樣本的支持.

骨水泥滲漏是微創(chuàng)手術(shù)的并發(fā)癥,嚴(yán)重時(shí)可導(dǎo)致患者癱瘓.2008年的一篇meta分析指出[18]:PKP術(shù)骨水泥滲漏發(fā)生率為7%,PVP術(shù)骨水泥滲漏發(fā)生率為20%.其他文獻(xiàn)同樣指出PKP較PVP手術(shù)骨水泥發(fā)生率低[19].在本研究中,骨水泥滲漏率與上述文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道結(jié)果基本保持一致,PKP組發(fā)生率明顯低于PVP組.可能原因?yàn)椋篜KP是經(jīng)球囊擴(kuò)張椎體后在空腔內(nèi)注入骨水泥,所以PKP組的患者骨水泥基本未向椎體各方向滲漏;應(yīng)用PVP治療的患者椎體的強(qiáng)度要高于應(yīng)用PKP治療的患者,PVP在壓力下注入骨水泥,導(dǎo)致向各個(gè)方向滲透的的壓力增高.

綜上所述,PVP、PKP是治療骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折的有效手術(shù)方法,PKP更能有效恢復(fù)椎體高度、改善脊柱后凸畸形,其骨水泥滲漏率低,但其再骨折的發(fā)生率比PVP高,手術(shù)費(fèi)用高.針對(duì)不同患者應(yīng)合理選擇術(shù)式:①對(duì)壓縮程度不嚴(yán)重,終板和椎體后緣骨皮質(zhì)相對(duì)完整者,因PVP費(fèi)用低,考慮選用PVP;②對(duì)于全身情況較差,應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮PVP;③對(duì)嚴(yán)重塌陷,特別是明顯存在椎體骨皮質(zhì)裂隙者,是骨水泥滲漏的高危因素,則應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇PKP;④對(duì)于存在較嚴(yán)重和進(jìn)展性的后凸畸形患者,也應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇PKP.

[1]張智海,劉忠厚,李 娜,等.中國(guó)人骨質(zhì)疏松癥診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)專(zhuān)家共識(shí)[J].中國(guó)骨質(zhì)疏松雜志,2014,20(9):1007-1010.

[2]侯武姿,杜雪平,于 溯,等.社區(qū)居民骨質(zhì)疏松癥危險(xiǎn)因素認(rèn)知狀況及干預(yù)效果研究[J].中國(guó)全科醫(yī)學(xué),2015,18(10):1212-1215.

[3]胥曉明,李 娜,程曉光.ISCD和IOF關(guān)于骨質(zhì)疏松骨折風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估(FRAX)臨床應(yīng)用的共識(shí)[J].中國(guó)骨質(zhì)疏松雜志,2014,20(12):1514-1516.

[4]張 煜,張紹東.椎體成形術(shù)后手術(shù)椎體再塌陷的危險(xiǎn)因素[J].中國(guó)脊柱脊髓雜志,2016,26(5):459-462.

[5]吳四軍,劉 正,姚洪春,等.應(yīng)用高黏度骨水泥PVP治療骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮骨折與傳統(tǒng)PKP的臨床療效比較[J].中華骨科雜志,2017,37(2):74-79.

[6]余偉波,梁 德,江曉兵,等.經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)和經(jīng)皮椎體后凸成形術(shù)治療伴椎體內(nèi)真空裂隙的骨質(zhì)疏松椎體壓縮骨折比較研究[J].中國(guó)修復(fù)重建外科雜志,2016(9):1104-1110.

[7]張 輝,高中玉,許財(cái)元,等.骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮骨折椎體成形:漏診、重度椎體壓縮、骨水泥滲漏及再發(fā)骨折225例分析[J].中國(guó)組織工程研究,2016,20(35):5256-5262.

[8]杜亞雷,何保玉,滕 濤.骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮骨折PVP或PKP術(shù)后鄰近椎體再骨折的危險(xiǎn)因素研究進(jìn)展[J].實(shí)用醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2016,32(9):1379-1381.

[9]俞志興,莫 文,馬俊明,等.111例PVP/PKP術(shù)治療胸腰椎老年骨質(zhì)疏松性骨折的回顧性分析[J].中國(guó)骨質(zhì)疏松雜志,2011,17(9):787-791,799.

[10]洪 鑫,吳小濤,劉 磊,等.經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)和經(jīng)皮椎體后凸成形術(shù)治療重度骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮性骨折療效分析[J].中國(guó)骨質(zhì)疏松雜志,2011,17(11):969-973.

[11]Liu JT,Liao WJ,Tan WC,et al.Balloon kyphoplasty versus verte?broplasty for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture:a prospective,comparative,and randomized clinical study[J].Osteoporos Int,2010,21(2):359-364.

[12]Chang X,Lv YF,Chen B,et al.Vertebroplasty versus kyphoplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture:a meta?analysis of pro?spective comparative studies[J].Int Orthop,2015,39(3):491-500.

[13]Schofer MD,Efe T,Timmesfeld N,et al.Comparison of kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty in the treatment of fresh vertebral compression fractures[J].Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,2009,129(10):1391-1399.

[14]徐寶山,閆廣輝,夏 群,等.經(jīng)皮椎體后凸成形術(shù)治療椎體骨質(zhì)疏松性骨折的復(fù)位效果觀察[J].脊柱外科雜志,2013,11(3):133-136.

[15]Kayanja MM,Togawa D,Lieberman IH.Biomechanical changes after the augmentation of experimental osteoporotic vertebral compres?sion fractures in the cadaveric thoracic spine[J].Spine J,2005,5(1):55-63.

[16]Villarraga ML,Bellezza AJ,Harrigan TP,et al.The biomechanical effects of kyphoplasty on treated and adjacent nontreated vertebral bodies[J].J Spinal Disord Tech,2005,18(1):84-91.

[17]Korovessis P,Zacharatos S,Repantis T,et al.Evolution of bone mineral density after percutaneous kyphoplasty in fresh osteoporotic vertebral body fractures and adjacent vertebrae along with sagittal spine alignment[J].J Spinal Disord Tech,2008,21(4):293-298.

[18]Eck JC,Nachtigall D,Humphreys SC,et al.Comparison of vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty for treatment of vertebral compression fractures:a meta?analysis of the literature[J].Spine J,2008,8(3):488-497.

[19]Hulme PA,Krebs J,F(xiàn)erguson SJ,et al.Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty:a systematic review of 69 clinical studies[J].Spine,2006,31(17):1983-2001.

Clinical research on minimally invasive treat?ment of OVCF and risk of refracture

HU Zi?Bing1,CHEN Hai?Cong1,ZHONG Qiu?Ying2,SUN Jie?Cong1,XIANG Min1,WU Shao?Ke11Orthopedic Center,Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University,Zhanjiang 524001,China;2Department of Medicine,Loudi Vocational and Technical College,Loudi 417000,China

AIM:To investigate the clinical efficacy and the risk of refracture of percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP)and percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)in the treatment of patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF).METHODS:A total of 78 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,with 39 cases in the each group.The control group was treated with PVP,while the treatment group was treated with PKP.All patients con?tinued to perform the treatment of osteoporosis after minimally invasive surgery.Back pain quantitative measurement was per?formed with numerical rating scales(NRS)3 days after the proce?dure.Meanwhile,the improvement of vertebral height and Cobb angle were recorded.The duration of mean follow?up was 36 months.The change of bone mineral density and occurrence of refracture were observed.RESULTS:Compared with prior treat?ment,Symptoms of postoperative pain and condition of bone min?eral density were improved after treatment,with statistically sig?nificant differences(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences between the control group and the treatment group(P>0.05).The improvement of vertebral height and Cobb angle in patients with PKP was significant,compared with those of PVP group(P<0.05).To the end of follow?up,4 cases of refracture were detected in PKP group,and only one in PVP group.CONCLUSION:PVP and PKP are both effective in the treat?ment of OVCF.PKP is more effective in improving vertebral height and kyphosis,but the incidence of refracture is higher than that of PVP.It is important to choose a reasonable operation method for different patients.

osteoporosis;compression fracture;percutaneous vertebroplasty;percutaneous kyphoplasty;refracture

R274.1

A

2095?6894(2017)04?23?04

2016-12-19;接受日期:2017-01-02

湛江市科技攻關(guān)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(2011D0302)

胡資兵.主任醫(yī)師.E?mail:15812390277@139.com

猜你喜歡
壓縮性成形術(shù)骨密度
核素骨顯像對(duì)骨質(zhì)疏松性胸腰椎壓縮性骨折的診斷價(jià)值
預(yù)防骨質(zhì)疏松,運(yùn)動(dòng)提高骨密度
單純慢性化膿性中耳炎患者行鼓膜成形術(shù)治療的效果觀察
骨密度水平分三級(jí)
經(jīng)皮椎體成形術(shù)中快速取出殘留骨水泥柱2例報(bào)道
提防痛性癱瘓——椎體壓縮性骨折
天天喝牛奶,為什么骨密度還偏低
PKP在老年人胸腰椎壓縮性骨折中的臨床應(yīng)用
椎體后凸成形術(shù)治療老年骨質(zhì)疏松脊柱壓縮骨折
經(jīng)皮椎體后凸成形術(shù)的麻醉方式的現(xiàn)狀及展望