趙勇 張維海
摘要
近年來,一類由It隨機微分方程驅動的奇異隨機系統(tǒng)因其在實際領域中的廣泛應用而備受關注.然而,系統(tǒng)方程同時包含奇異矩陣和擴散矩陣,大大增加了分析問題的復雜性.本文首先概述了奇異It隨機系統(tǒng)幾個重要基礎問題的研究進展,主要包括:系統(tǒng)方程解的存在條件、廣義It公式、 容許性定義及穩(wěn)定性問題.同時針對不同文獻對上述問題的研究結果提出了自己的觀點.最后對以上基礎問題研究待解決的問題進行了展望.關鍵詞
奇異It隨機系統(tǒng);解的存在條件;廣義It公式;容許性;穩(wěn)定性
中圖分類號TP13
文獻標志碼A
0引言
1974年,英國學者Rosenbrock在研究復雜電網(wǎng)時,發(fā)現(xiàn)電網(wǎng)中某些部件突然失效,在失效的前后時刻有電流的瞬動現(xiàn)象,這種瞬間的變化不包括在常見的正常線性系統(tǒng)描述之中.在經(jīng)歷了大量的研究與試驗后,他首次提出了基于電網(wǎng)的“奇異系統(tǒng)”的模型[12]
.隨后,美國學者Luenberger發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟領域中著名的動態(tài)Leontief投入產出模型也屬于奇異系統(tǒng),并在文獻[3]中討論了這類系統(tǒng)的解的存在唯一條件.至此,人們對奇異系統(tǒng)的研究正式拉開帷幕,并逐漸發(fā)展為現(xiàn)代控制理論的一大分支.隨著研究的不斷深入,在許多實際問題中諸如大規(guī)模系統(tǒng)[4]、 機械工程[5]、航空模型[6]、 網(wǎng)路理論[78]、受限機器人[9]等相繼發(fā)現(xiàn)了奇異系統(tǒng)的廣泛應用.奇異系統(tǒng)又被稱為廣義系統(tǒng)、描述系統(tǒng)、隱式系統(tǒng)、微分代數(shù)系統(tǒng)等[2,10].
從式(1)可以看出,當E
為可逆陣時,通過非奇異變換可將奇異系統(tǒng)轉化為正常線性系統(tǒng),因而可以說正常線性系統(tǒng)是奇異系統(tǒng)的特例,奇異系統(tǒng)是正常線性系統(tǒng)的推廣,正是這種推廣賦予了奇異系統(tǒng)新的獨有的特性[78].比如奇異系統(tǒng)的解結構中,不僅包含指數(shù)解還包含脈沖解,為了保證解的適定性,所研究的奇異系統(tǒng)必須要滿足正則性和無脈沖性的條件;奇異系統(tǒng)一般包括慢子系統(tǒng)和快子系統(tǒng)兩部分,其中慢子系統(tǒng)由微分方程(連續(xù)系統(tǒng))或差分方程(離散系統(tǒng))來描述,而快子系統(tǒng)由靜態(tài)的代數(shù)方程來描述;奇異系統(tǒng)不一定有李雅普諾夫意義下的穩(wěn)定性和鎮(zhèn)定性,因為正常線性系統(tǒng)一般選李雅普諾夫函數(shù)為V(x)=xT(t)Px(t),P>0是正定的,而奇異系統(tǒng)選的李雅普諾夫函數(shù)V(x)=xT(t)ETPx(t),ETP=PTE≥0
是不定的(針對連續(xù)系統(tǒng)).正是由于奇異系統(tǒng)的以上特點,使其研究起來比正常的線性系統(tǒng)更為復雜.近30年來,繼文獻[78]給出奇異系統(tǒng)解存在唯一的條件后,奇異系統(tǒng)的研究取得了突飛猛進的發(fā)展,學者們研究和解決了一系列奇異系統(tǒng)
業(yè)控制、社會經(jīng)濟和生物系統(tǒng)等眾多實際問題中,隨著系統(tǒng)模型精確度的提高,確定性系統(tǒng)建模已經(jīng)不能夠滿足實際的要求,需要將隨機因素考慮到模型中來.著名的Langevin方程、BlackSeholes方程均是考慮外界隨機環(huán)境噪聲 (白噪聲) 干擾的具體實例[3334],這類方程被稱為It隨機微分方程[35].眾所周知,基于It隨機微分方程的隨機控制已經(jīng)在金融、經(jīng)濟、生物、網(wǎng)絡等實際領域發(fā)揮了重要作用[3637],與之相關的大量的重要研究成果已經(jīng)陸續(xù)被報道,如穩(wěn)定和鎮(zhèn)定[38]、隨機H∞
為使奇異系統(tǒng)描述的實際模型更加精確,人們自然想到將外界環(huán)境噪聲影響加入到模型中來.然而,由于奇異矩陣和擴散矩陣同時出現(xiàn)在系統(tǒng)模型中,使得這類系統(tǒng)兼具確定性奇異系統(tǒng)和正常隨機系統(tǒng)的特征,所以研究起來也具有一定的挑戰(zhàn)性.目前為止,關于奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的研究成果遠沒有確定奇異系統(tǒng)豐富和成熟,相關的研究文獻也比較少.
最早研究奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的文獻可追溯到2004年,Raouf等[45]將確定性奇異系統(tǒng)正則和無脈沖的定義移植到奇異隨機系統(tǒng),通過李雅普諾夫方法研究了狀態(tài)依噪聲的奇異馬爾可夫跳變系統(tǒng)的魯棒穩(wěn)定和鎮(zhèn)定問題,文中并沒有給出對奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的It公式的嚴格證明.隨后,Ho等[46]研究了奇異It隨機系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定和濾波問題,首次給出了奇異It隨機系統(tǒng)有無脈沖解的條件,該條件與確定奇異系統(tǒng)不同,它包含了擴散矩陣.同時,通過引入奇異矩陣E
的廣義逆E+
給出奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的It公式,并給出了嚴格的證明.然而,該文沒有給出奇異It隨機系統(tǒng)容許性完善的證明.盡管如此,該文的出現(xiàn)為奇異It隨機系統(tǒng)的后續(xù)研究奠定了重要理論基礎.Huang等[47]研究了一類狀態(tài)依噪聲的奇異馬爾可夫跳變隨機系統(tǒng)的指數(shù)穩(wěn)定性,以兩種矩陣分解的形式給出了系統(tǒng)方程有無脈沖解的新條件,降低了文獻[46]給出無脈沖解條件的保守性,將狀態(tài)依噪聲的奇異隨機混雜系統(tǒng)轉化成等價的奇異馬爾可夫跳變系統(tǒng),利用奇異馬爾可夫跳變系統(tǒng)的正則、無脈沖、隨機容許性的定義給出奇異隨機系統(tǒng)均方正則、均方無脈沖、均方穩(wěn)定和均方容許的定義.利用文獻[46]給出的奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的無脈沖解條件,Gao等[48]研究了奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)估計和控制問題,文獻[4950]將文獻[46]的條件進一步推廣到奇異隨機馬爾可夫跳變系統(tǒng),討論了不確定時滯奇異混雜系統(tǒng)的魯棒H∞
濾波控制問題.Gao等[51]給出了奇異隨機系統(tǒng)有無脈沖解且均方指數(shù)穩(wěn)定的完整證明,從而改進和完善了文獻[46]的穩(wěn)定結果.Wang[52]通過設計一種包含奇異矩陣的特殊控制器,給出了一類控制器進入擴散項的奇異隨機混雜系統(tǒng)指數(shù)穩(wěn)定的條件.Xing等[53]研究了具有范數(shù)界參數(shù)不確定性的有限時間奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的魯棒H∞
控制,基于擴展的二次李雅普諾夫函數(shù)法研究了隨機TS模糊奇異系統(tǒng)的均方容許性[54].Zhang等[55]分別用兩種方法討論了連續(xù)和離散時間奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定,提出了一種新的解的存在唯一條件,利用
H
表示法將隨機奇異系統(tǒng)轉化成等價的n(n+1)2維標準的確定性奇異系統(tǒng),從而改進了文獻[47]的結果,將文獻[51]的假設條件進一步減弱,使得所研究的奇異隨機系統(tǒng)更有普遍性,并用嚴格的LMI法給出了系統(tǒng)均方容許的新條件.此外,文獻[55]首次給出了離散時間奇異隨機系統(tǒng)均方容許的LMI條件.文獻[56] 進一步討論了連續(xù)和離散時間奇異隨機馬爾可夫跳變系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性,明確提出了奇異隨機馬爾可夫跳變系統(tǒng)“無脈沖”和“均方容許”的新概念,同時,該文從奇異隨機系統(tǒng)本身出發(fā),將對系統(tǒng)均方容許性的討論直接轉化為嚴格的LMI求解,大大簡化了計算過程.在文獻[5556]的基礎上,Zhao等[57]研究了奇異隨機馬爾可夫跳變系統(tǒng)的鎮(zhèn)定和狀態(tài)觀測器設計,用順序不等式法克服擴散項導致的求解困難,用嚴格的LMI法求出了誤差系統(tǒng)的控制器增益和觀測器增益.最近,Zhao等[5859]討論了奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)反饋H∞
查閱文獻發(fā)現(xiàn),研究奇異隨機系統(tǒng)不可避免地涉及以下幾個基礎問題:
1) 怎樣給出系統(tǒng)方程解存在的條件?
2) 怎樣給出系統(tǒng)有無脈沖解及容許性的定義?
3) 怎樣給出奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的It公式?
4) 怎樣研究奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性?
以上幾個基礎問題的解決對研究奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的相關控制問題起到了至關重要的作用.為此,本文回顧和整理了連續(xù)時間奇異隨機系統(tǒng)關于解的存在唯一條件、It公式、容許性定義及穩(wěn)定問題的現(xiàn)有研究結果,并針對一些問題提出自己的研究觀點.
本文結構如下:首先綜述連續(xù)時間奇異It隨機系統(tǒng)解的存在唯一條件,接下來總結系統(tǒng)無脈沖及容許定義的進展,然后歸納現(xiàn)有文獻給出奇異It隨機系統(tǒng)的It公式,最后探討奇異隨機系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定問題的研究現(xiàn)狀.
2正則、無脈沖及容許性
確定性奇異系統(tǒng)的解存在非正則解與脈沖解,這些解的存在對系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)特性有非常壞的影響.因此,研究奇異系統(tǒng)解的正則性和無脈沖性顯得尤為重要.而對于奇異隨機系統(tǒng),擴散矩陣的存在使得正則性已經(jīng)不再構成系統(tǒng)方程解存在的條件.那么,我們如何給出奇異隨機系統(tǒng)無脈沖性及容許性的定義呢?為方便將確定性奇異系統(tǒng)和隨機奇異系統(tǒng)的結論加以對比,我們分別給出它們正則、無脈沖及容許的定義.
4奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定
穩(wěn)定是系統(tǒng)分析和綜合首先要考慮的問題.由于奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的解存在脈沖攝動,因此研究奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定必須要保證系統(tǒng)的解是無脈沖的.目前,研究奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定問題通常有兩種方法,一種是傳統(tǒng)的Lyapunov方法,一種是將奇異隨機系統(tǒng)轉化成確定的奇異系統(tǒng),通過確定奇異系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定來給出隨機奇異系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定的條件.
文獻[47]在定義2與定義3的基礎上利用奇異系統(tǒng) (10)容許性的研究結果給出奇異隨機系統(tǒng)(2)均方容許的LMI條件.
不但將定理12中包含等式LMI條件轉化成嚴格的LMI形式,而且式(22)形式更易于討論奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的鎮(zhèn)定問題.
5結論
本文綜述了奇異It隨機系統(tǒng)解的存在條件、廣義It公式、容許性定義及穩(wěn)定問題的研究結果,并針對這些不同的結果提出了自己的研究觀點.第1部分回顧了確定性奇異系統(tǒng)和隨機奇異系統(tǒng)的研究現(xiàn)狀,提出奇異隨機系統(tǒng)研究中涉及的重要問題.第2部分總結了奇異隨機系統(tǒng)解的存在條件,明確了該系統(tǒng)解的存在條件并不是唯一的,擴散矩陣起到了至關重要的作用,并給出了不同條件之間的包含關系.第3部分歸納了現(xiàn)有文獻給出的奇異It隨機系統(tǒng)的廣義It公式,分析了個別研究結果的不合理性.第4部分概述了奇異It隨機系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定問題的研究進展,比較了所給穩(wěn)定條件的保守性.
目前為止,現(xiàn)有文獻給出的奇異隨機系統(tǒng)解的存在唯一條件均為充分的,發(fā)展充分且必要的解存在唯一條件將會對奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的研究起到重大的推動作用.此外,奇異隨機系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定問題的研究結果均是基于一定的假設條件進行的,如何去掉假設條件,使得奇異隨機系統(tǒng)的研究如同確定性奇異系統(tǒng)一樣通過直接尋求線性不等式的解來給出系統(tǒng)均方容許條件值得進一步研究.
參考文獻
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AbstractIn recent years,singular stochastic systems governed by the It stochastic differential equation have received much attention due to their extensive applications to some practical areas.However,it is very complicated to discuss singular stochastic systems since the system equation includes both the singular matrix and the diffusion matrix simultaneously.In this paper,research development of several important and basic problems for singular It stochastic systems are concluded,including mainly the existence condition for the solution to the system equation,the general It formula,the definition of admissibility and the issue of stability.Also,some research perspectives are given for results of different references.Finally,some prospects to the unresolved problems are presented.
Key wordssingular It stochastic systems;existence of the solution;generalized It formula;admissibility;stability