杜寧彬,尹 璐,呂家俊,王偉鋒,石鵬飛,張 佳(陜西省咸陽市第一人民醫(yī)院心胸腫瘤外科,陜西 咸陽7000;西安交通大學:醫(yī)學部,第一附屬醫(yī)院腫瘤中心,陜西西安7006)
趨化因子CCL2在胃癌組織中的表達及意義
杜寧彬1,尹 璐1,呂家俊2,王偉鋒1,石鵬飛1,張 佳3(1陜西省咸陽市第一人民醫(yī)院心胸腫瘤外科,陜西 咸陽712000;西安交通大學:2醫(yī)學部,3第一附屬醫(yī)院腫瘤中心,陜西西安710061)
目的:探討CCL2在胃癌中的表達,并分析其與胃癌臨床病理特征的關系及臨床意義.方法:采用免疫組織化學SP方法檢測CCL2在178例胃癌中的表達情況,并分析其與分期、分級及轉(zhuǎn)移等臨床病理特征及與預后的相關性.結(jié)果:在178例胃癌組織中,共有100例組織高表達,陽性表達率為56.2%,明顯高于癌旁組織.CCL2在胃癌中的表達與胃癌患者TNM分期、腫瘤浸潤深度、淋巴結(jié)的轉(zhuǎn)移、遠處轉(zhuǎn)移及腫瘤大小相關(P<0.05),而與其他臨床病理指標之間未見明顯相關(P>0.05).經(jīng)Kaplan-Meier法生存比較,CCL2的陽性表達者比陰性表達者生存期短(P<0.05).結(jié)論:CCL2在胃癌組織中高表達,其表達量與胃癌TNM分期、腫瘤浸潤深度、淋巴結(jié)的轉(zhuǎn)移、遠處轉(zhuǎn)移及腫瘤大小相關,提示CCL2的表達可能參與胃癌的發(fā)展、轉(zhuǎn)移過程,有望為胃癌的診斷與治療提供新途徑.
CCL2;胃癌;免疫組織化學
胃癌是常見惡性腫瘤,在全球范圍內(nèi),其位居惡性腫瘤致死率的第2位,僅次于肺癌[1].盡管近年來對于胃癌的治療有了很大的改進,進展期胃癌的預后仍然較差,且患者在確診時已發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移[2-3].因此,尋找胃癌新的轉(zhuǎn)移相關標志物來預測胃癌早期轉(zhuǎn)移及預后極為重要.
趨化因子為一類分子量小的分泌蛋白家族,在包括腫瘤的炎癥相關疾病中起重要作用[4].趨化因子CCL2也被稱為單核細胞趨化蛋白1(monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,MCP-1),為趨化因子家族中的重要一員[5].研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其在多種腫瘤如乳腺癌、結(jié)直腸癌、前列腺癌、宮頸癌、甲狀腺癌等中高表達,且與患者不良預后相關[6-14].CCL2通過招募單核巨噬細胞促進腫瘤侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移[15].然而CCL2在胃癌中的研究及其與胃癌患者預后的關系研究較少.
本研究擬通過免疫組化方法測定CCL2在胃癌中的表達情況,分析其與分期、分級及轉(zhuǎn)移等臨床病理特征及預后的相關性.
1.1 材料胃癌組織取自2004-01/2009-12西安交通大學第一附屬醫(yī)院及陜西省咸陽市二一五醫(yī)院手術切除標本,共178例,經(jīng)病理檢測證實為胃腺癌.所有患者術前均未進行放療或化療,臨床病理資料完整,隨訪時間截止于2016年1月,隨訪時間至少5年.男125例,女53例,年齡36~72歲,Ⅰ期22例,Ⅱ期55例,Ⅲ期62例,Ⅳ期39例.癌旁對照選取同一組織標本距癌組織邊緣大于5 cm的胃組織.根據(jù)UICC/AJCC國際TNM腫瘤分期標準對胃癌進行分期,同時對胃癌組織進行組織學分級.所有病例均經(jīng)兩位病理醫(yī)生復診確認.
1.2 方法首先對組織蠟塊進行4 μm厚的連續(xù)性切片.進一步免疫組織化學染色采用SP法.對石蠟切片進行常規(guī)脫蠟,按試劑盒產(chǎn)品說明書進行SP法免疫組化染色操作.SP法免疫組化試劑盒購于北京中杉金橋公司,兔抗人CCL2抗體購于英國Abcam公司,進行1∶200的稀釋并用于實驗.陽性對照選用已知陽性片,陰性對照選用PBS代替一抗.
結(jié)果判定:采用雙盲法進行閱片,由兩名獨立于研究的人員對實驗結(jié)果進行判定,CCL2陽性染色大部分定位于細胞質(zhì),表現(xiàn)為細胞質(zhì)可見明顯黃色物質(zhì)或棕黃色物質(zhì).在顯微鏡下隨機觀察5個視野(×200)并進行陽性細胞計數(shù),每例組織切片總共計數(shù)不少于1000個癌細胞,并計算陽性細胞的比例.根據(jù)陽性細胞所占的比例進行定義:0分為陰性,1分為陽性細胞數(shù)<25%,2分為25%~49%,3分為50%~74%,4分為>74%.根據(jù)染色強度按下列標準進行評分:0分為陰性或與陰性相仿,1分為淡黃色,2分為棕黃色,3分為棕褐色.統(tǒng)計分析時,將兩項得分乘積≤3定義為弱表達,>3定義為強表達.
1.3 統(tǒng)計學處理采用SPSS16.0統(tǒng)計軟件對結(jié)果進行處理,CCL2的表達與臨床病理之間的聯(lián)系采用χ2檢驗和Fisher’s精確檢驗,生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,P<0.05表示差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義.
2.1 CCL2在胃癌中的表達在178胃癌組織標本中,共有100例胃癌組織中高表達,陽性表達率為56.2%.178例癌旁組織中共有35例高表達,陽性表達率為19.7%,差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05,圖1).
圖1 CCL2在胃癌中的表達(SP×200)
表1 CCL2表達與臨床病理特征的相關性
2.2 CCL2表達與胃癌患者預后的關系在178例胃癌患者中,通過Kaplan-Meier分析發(fā)現(xiàn),CCL2胃癌患者組織標本中的表達水平與患者預后明顯相關(P<0.05).CCL2表達陰性者中位生存期為48.5個月,陽性者中位生存期為31.4個月,陰性者比陽性者延長17.1個月,提示胃癌患者中CCL2陽性表達者預后較差(圖2).
圖2 CCL2表達與胃癌患者預后的Kaplan-Meier生存曲線
CCL2最早于1989年被從人膠質(zhì)瘤和單核細胞中純化并且克隆出來,發(fā)現(xiàn)其具有趨化單核細胞的作用[16-17].進一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其在單核細胞浸潤的很多疾病中起重要作用,比如類風濕性關節(jié)炎、動脈粥樣硬化和腫瘤[18].在乳腺癌中,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)沉默CCL2可通過阻斷腫瘤干細胞自我更新和M2型巨噬細胞募集來抑制三陰乳腺癌的發(fā)展[19].胰腺膽管腺癌中,源于腫瘤的 CCL2可介導對放療的抵抗[20].CCL2/CCR2軸非轉(zhuǎn)移性腎透明細胞癌術后生存和復發(fā)相關[21].膠質(zhì)瘤微環(huán)境中產(chǎn)生的CCL2對招募調(diào)節(jié)性T細胞和髓系抑制細胞至關重要[22].一種新的應用ASC-J9治療前列腺炎主要是通過改變細胞因子CCL2信號[23].CCL2為腎透明細胞癌的一個潛在的治療靶點[24].目前為止,CCL2在胃癌中的表達及其與胃癌患者預后的關系的相關研究較少.
我們前期研究結(jié)果證實腫瘤相關巨噬細胞與胃癌預后明顯相關[25].CCL2可趨化腫瘤相關巨噬細胞,那CCL2是否與胃癌患者臨床病理指標和預后相關呢?本研究應用免疫組織化學技術,分析了CCL2在胃癌組織中的表達情況及其與臨床病理特征以及預后的關系,研究結(jié)果表明,在178例胃癌組織標本中,共有100例胃癌組織中高表達,陽性表達率為56.2%,178例癌旁組織中共有35例高表達,陽性表達率為19.7%,在癌組織中的表達明顯高于癌旁正常組織,說明CCL2在胃癌中可能具有癌基因功能,且與胃癌的發(fā)生相關.CCL2的表達與胃癌TNM分期、腫瘤浸潤深度、淋巴結(jié)的轉(zhuǎn)移、遠處轉(zhuǎn)移及腫瘤大小相關,表明CCL2高表達可能與胃癌進展相關.通過Kaplan-Meier分析發(fā)現(xiàn),CCL2在胃癌患者組織標本中的表達水平與患者預后明顯相關(P<0.05).CCL2陰性表達者中位生存期為48.5個月,陽性表達者中位生存期為31.4個月,陰性者比陽性者延長17.1個月,提示胃癌患者中CCL2陽性表達者預后較差.
綜上所述,CCL2的高表達在胃上皮細胞惡性轉(zhuǎn)化中起重要作用,與胃癌的生長、侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移及不良預后明顯相關.對其具體調(diào)控機制的探討,有望為胃癌的診斷和治療提供新途徑.
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Expression and significanceofCCL2 in gastric cancer tissues
DU Ning-Bin1,YIN Lu1,LV Jia-Jun2,WANG Wei-Feng1,SHI Peng-Fei1,ZHANG Jia31DepartmentofCardiothoracic and Oncology Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Xianyang,Xianyang 712000,China;Xi’an Jiaotong University:2Health Science Center,3Cancer Center,The First Affiliated Hospital,Xi’an 710061,China
AIM:To investigate the expression of CCL2 in gastric cancer,and analyze the relationship between CCL2 and gastric cancer.METHODS:The expression of CCL2 in 178 samples of gastric cancer were measured by immunohistochemistry.The relationship between the expression of CCL2 and clinicopathological features were analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 100 cases were high expression in 178 cases gastric cancer,and the positive rate of CCL2 was 56.2%in gastric cancer,which was higher than that of the adjacent tissues.There was a significant relationship between expression status of CCL2 and TNM stage,depth of invasion,nodal involvement,metastasis or tumor diameter(P<0.05).There was no correlation between expression status of CCL2 and gender,age,borrmann type or differentiation(P>0.05).The results of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that sunvival time of positive expression of CCL2 was shorter than that of nagative expression(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The expression of CCL2 in gastric cancer is unclear,our study shows that there was a significant relationship between expression status of CCL2 and TNM stage,depth of invasion,nodal involvement,metastasis or tumor diameter which indicates the expression of CCL2 might play some part in the development and metastasis of gastric cancer as an oncogene.More research in the mechanism of CCL2 in gastric adenocarcinoma may improve the rate of early diagnosis of gastric cancer,and provide a new target for gastric adenocarcinoma treatment.
CCL2;gastric cancer;immunohistochemistry
R735.2
A
2095-6894(2017)05-47-04
2017-01-09;接受日期:2017-01-25
陜西省科學技術研究發(fā)展計劃項目(2014KW23-02)
杜寧彬.研究方向:心胸外科及腫瘤.E-mail:363187587@qq.com
張 佳.博士.研究方向:胸部、腹部腫瘤.E-mail:zhangjiaxjtu@xjtu.edu.cn