吳小苑,黃家文,樊春月
·論著·
肺塵埃沉著病合并高血壓患者血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)化酶水平研究
吳小苑*,黃家文,樊春月
目的 探討肺塵埃沉著病是否合并高血壓的患者血清血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)化酶(ACE)水平的差異。方法 選取2008—2015年廣東省職業(yè)病防治院住院治療的肺塵埃沉著病患者300例為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)是否合并高血壓,將研究對(duì)象分為塵肺合并高血壓組(37例)及塵肺組(263例)。抽取患者空腹靜脈血,測(cè)定ACE水平。結(jié)果 肺塵埃沉著病患者ACE水平為(124.75±75.45)U/L,高于ACE的參考范圍上限(100.00 U/L),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=5.635,P<0.05)。其中,ACE升高水平138例(46.0%)。塵肺合并高血壓組患者年齡高于塵肺組(P<0.05)。兩組ACE水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。線性回歸分析顯示,肺塵埃沉著病患者ACE水平與性別、年齡、心率、收縮壓、舒張壓、肺塵埃沉著病分期、空腹血糖均無(wú)相關(guān)性(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 肺塵埃沉著病患者ACE水平普遍處于較高水平,是否合并高血壓的肺塵埃沉著病患者ACE水平未見(jiàn)差異。
肺塵埃沉著??;高血壓;血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)化酶
吳小苑,黃家文,樊春月.肺塵埃沉著病合并高血壓患者血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)化酶水平研究[J].中國(guó)全科醫(yī)學(xué),2017,20(20):2451-2454.[www.chinagp.net]
WU X Y,HUANG J W,F(xiàn)AN C Y.Level of angiotensin converting enzyme in patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with hypertension[J].Chinese General Practice,2017,20(20):2451-2454.
肺塵埃沉著病為勞動(dòng)者在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中因長(zhǎng)期吸入生產(chǎn)性粉塵而引起的以肺組織彌漫性纖維化為主的疾病,其發(fā)展為慢性肺源性心臟病是肺塵埃沉著病患者死亡的重要原因之一。腎素-血管緊張素系統(tǒng)(RAS)是參與高血壓發(fā)生并使之持續(xù)的重要機(jī)制[1]。有研究顯示,血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)化酶(ACE)插入/缺失多態(tài)性和ACE活性對(duì)高血壓有顯著影響[2]。ACE是一種含鋅蛋白酶,主要由肺毛細(xì)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生,在其作用下,血管緊張素(AT)-Ⅰ轉(zhuǎn)化為AT-Ⅱ,而AT-Ⅱ具有強(qiáng)烈的縮血管作用,也可使肺血管收縮,造成肺動(dòng)脈高壓,因此,ACE與肺源性心臟病的關(guān)系日益引起關(guān)注[3-5]。據(jù)報(bào)道,慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、肺源性心臟病患者血清ACE水平降低[6]。早期肺塵埃沉著病患者及肺塵埃沉著病合并高血壓患者ACE水平變化尚不明確。本研究通過(guò)檢測(cè)肺塵埃沉著病患者以及肺塵埃沉著病合并高血壓患者血清ACE水平,探討RAS對(duì)高血壓、肺源性心臟病進(jìn)展的潛在影響,為肺塵埃沉著病發(fā)展至肺源性心臟病的預(yù)防和治療提供依據(jù)。
1.1 研究對(duì)象 選取2008—2015年廣東省職業(yè)病防治院住院治療的肺塵埃沉著病患者300例為研究對(duì)象,其中男298例,女2例;年齡24~86歲,平均年齡(40.6±9.6)歲;肺塵埃沉著病壹期188例,貳期81例,叁期31例?;颊呔稀秹m肺病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》[7]中的肺塵埃沉著病及分期診斷,并由本院肺塵埃沉著病診斷小組集體確診,排除急慢性感染性疾病、嚴(yán)重肝腎功能不全、繼發(fā)性高血壓及繼發(fā)性糖代謝異?;颊??;颊呔炇鹬橥鈺?shū),本研究經(jīng)本院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)(審批編號(hào):GDHOD MEC2016006)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 分組 根據(jù)是否合并高血壓,將研究對(duì)象分為塵肺合并高血壓組(37例)及塵肺組(263例)。高血壓的診斷根據(jù)《中國(guó)高血壓防治指南》[8],在未使用降壓藥物的情況下,非同日3次測(cè)量血壓,收縮壓(SBP)≥140 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)和/或舒張壓(DBP)≥90 mm Hg,或既往有高血壓病史,正在使用降壓藥物。
1.2.2 臨床資料收集 記錄患者性別、年齡、心率、血壓、肺塵埃沉著病分期。采用氧化酶法葡萄糖測(cè)定試劑盒測(cè)定肘靜脈空腹血糖(FPG);抽取空腹靜脈血3 ml,靜置待血清析出;4 ℃條件下以3 000 r/min離心5 min(離心半徑13 cm),采用兩點(diǎn)法ACE測(cè)定試劑盒(浙江夸克生物科技有限公司)測(cè)定ACE水平。本實(shí)驗(yàn)室ACE參考范圍為0~100.00 U/L,批內(nèi)/分析內(nèi)精密度:CV≤6%;批間/分析間精密度:CV≤9%。
2.1 血清ACE水平 肺塵埃沉著病患者ACE水平為(124.75±75.45)U/L,高于ACE的參考范圍上限(100.00U/L),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=5.635,P<0.05)。其中,ACE水平升高138例(46.0%)。肺塵埃沉著病壹期、貳期、叁期患者ACE水平分別為(121.84±77.44)、(130.05±72.50)、(125.77±74.14)U/L,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=1.707,P>0.05)。
2.2 臨床指標(biāo)比較 兩組性別構(gòu)成、心率、肺塵埃沉著病分期、FPG、ACE水平比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。塵肺合并高血壓組患者年齡高于塵肺組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見(jiàn)表1)。
2.3 血清ACE水平的影響因素分析 以性別(賦值:男=1,女=2)、年齡、心率、收縮壓(SBP)、舒張壓(DBP)、肺塵埃沉著病分期(賦值:壹期=1,貳期=2,叁期=3)、FPG為自變量,以ACE水平為因變量行線性回歸分析。結(jié)果顯示,肺塵埃沉著病患者ACE水平與性別、年齡、心率、SBP、DBP、肺塵埃沉著病分期、FPG均無(wú)相關(guān)性(P>0.05,見(jiàn)表2)。
表2 肺塵埃沉著病患者血清ACE水平影響因素的線性回歸分析
Table2LinearregressionanalysisoninfluencingfactorsforACElevelinpatientswithpneumoconiosis
變量bSE95%CIb't值P值性別-11.31267.645(-144.466,121.842)-0.012-0.1670.867年齡-0.2140.569(-1.335,0.906)-0.026-0.3760.707心率0.4140.583(-0.733,1.562)0.0440.7110.478SBP0.4380.519(-0.584,1.460)0.0730.8430.400DBP-0.9210.742(-2.382,0.539)-0.102-1.2420.215肺塵埃沉著病分期5.1937.408(-9.389,19.776)0.0460.7010.484FPG-2.2535.389(-12.860,8.355)-0.031-0.4180.676
注:SBP=收縮壓,DBP=舒張壓
表1 兩組臨床指標(biāo)比較
注:FPG=空腹血糖,ACE=血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)化酶;a為χ2值,b為Z值,余檢驗(yàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)量值為t值
國(guó)外學(xué)者對(duì)1 259例COPD患者研究發(fā)現(xiàn),522例合并有高血壓,284例因缺血性心臟病住院,然而,ACE水平增高并不是COPD患者發(fā)生缺血性心臟病及高血壓的主要危險(xiǎn)因素[9]。另外,ACE基因型(調(diào)節(jié)血清ACE水平)與COPD患者心血管并發(fā)癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)無(wú)直接關(guān)聯(lián)。本研究對(duì)肺塵埃沉著病患者臨床資料的分析也揭示了類似的結(jié)果,合并高血壓的肺塵埃沉著病患者血清ACE水平無(wú)明顯增高。為排除年齡差異對(duì)兩組血清ACE水平比較結(jié)果產(chǎn)生的影響,進(jìn)一步線性回歸分析顯示,ACE水平與性別、年齡、肺塵埃沉著病分期及FPG均無(wú)相關(guān)性。與既往研究顯示健康成年人血清ACE水平不受性別、年齡、飲食等影響一致[10]。
目前觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,ACE抑制劑主要通過(guò)擴(kuò)血管作用、抑制醛固酮、抑制交感神經(jīng)興奮性、改善心室及血管的重構(gòu)等機(jī)制治療心力衰竭[11]。臨床使用ACE抑制劑治療心力衰竭的療效是肯定的,在已用洋地黃類藥物、利尿劑療效不滿意時(shí)加用ACE抑制劑,心力衰竭癥狀可明顯減輕[12-14]。ACE抑制劑不良反應(yīng)較少,刺激性咳嗽可能是患者不能耐受治療的原因之一。近年來(lái)國(guó)外已有大規(guī)模臨床試驗(yàn)證明,即使是重度心力衰竭患者應(yīng)用ACE抑制劑也可明顯改善遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后,降低病死率。提早對(duì)心力衰竭進(jìn)行治療,從心臟尚處于代償期而無(wú)明顯癥狀時(shí),即開(kāi)始給予ACE抑制劑的干預(yù)治療是心力衰竭治療方面的重要進(jìn)展[15-18]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),肺塵埃沉著病患者ACE水平普遍升高,高于參考范圍上限。鑒于肺塵埃沉著病最終可能發(fā)展為慢性肺源性心臟病,在該部分患者中使用ACE抑制劑是否具有某種潛在益處尚不明確。但是,有學(xué)者研究發(fā)現(xiàn),COPD、肺源性心臟病患者血清ACE水平降低[3,6]。又有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),肺源性心臟病患者急性期ACE水平降低而AT-Ⅱ升高,緩解期及肺部感染加重使ACE水平升高[4]。提示臨床需要對(duì)不同發(fā)展階段及嚴(yán)重程度的肺塵埃沉著病患者采取個(gè)性化的診療干預(yù)手段。同時(shí),通過(guò)ACE抑制劑能否降低肺塵埃沉著病患者可能存在的代償性神經(jīng)-體液的不利影響,限制心肌、小血管的重構(gòu),維護(hù)心肌的功能,推遲慢性肺源性心臟病、充血性心力衰竭的發(fā)生及降低遠(yuǎn)期病死率是未來(lái)需解決的問(wèn)題。
作者貢獻(xiàn):吳小苑進(jìn)行文章的構(gòu)思與設(shè)計(jì)、研究的實(shí)施與可行性分析、撰寫論文及修訂,對(duì)文章整體負(fù)責(zé),監(jiān)督管理;黃家文進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)收集、整理;吳小苑、樊春月進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理;吳小苑、黃家文進(jìn)行結(jié)果的分析與解釋,負(fù)責(zé)文章的質(zhì)量控制及審校。
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(本文編輯:吳立波)
Level of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme in Patients with Pneumoconiosis Complicated with Hypertension
WUXiao-yuan*,HUANGJia-wen,F(xiàn)ANChun-yue
DepartmentofInpatient,GuangdongPreventionandTreatmentCenterforOccupationalDiseases,Guangzhou510300,China
*Correspondingauthor:WUXiao-yuan,Attendingphysician;E-mail:wuxy924@163.com
Objective To investigate the difference of serum angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) level between patients with pneumoconiosis whether complicated with hypertension.Methods A total of 300 cases of pneumoconiosis patients admitted to the Guangdong Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases were selected as study subjects from 2008 to 2015.The subjects were divided into pneumoconiosis combined with hypertension group(37 cases) and pneumoconiosis group(263 cases) according to whether hypertension was combined.The fasting venous blood of the patients was collected and the level of ACE was measured.Results The level of ACE in patients with pneumoconiosis was(124.75±75.45) U/L,which was higher than the upper limit of reference range (100.00 U/L),and the difference was statistically significant(t=5.635,P<0.05).Among them,ACE increased in 138 cases(46.0%).The age of pneumoconiosis combined with hypertension group was higher than that of pneumoconiosis group(P<0.05).The ACE levels between the two groups were compared,and there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Linear regression analysis showed that there was no correlation between ACE level and gender,age,heart rate,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,stage of pneumoconiosis and fasting blood glucose in patients with pneumoconiosis(P>0.05).Conclusion The level of ACE in pneumoconiosis patients is generally high,and there is no difference in ACE levels between the pneumoconiosis patients with or without hypertension.
Pneumoconiosis;Hypertension;Angiotensin converting enzyme
國(guó)家臨床重點(diǎn)??平ㄔO(shè)項(xiàng)目
R 598
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2017.20.005
2016-11-05;
2017-05-23)
510300廣東省廣州市,廣東省職業(yè)病防治院住院部
*通信作者:吳小苑,主治醫(yī)師;E-mail:wuxy924@163.com