薛 靜,孫海鳳,吳 濤,郭亞煥,趙 征
(1西安交通大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院呼吸與危重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科,西安 710061;2陜西省腫瘤醫(yī)院內(nèi)三科;*通訊作者,E-mail:xiaofeng2009ok@163.com)
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吉非替尼一線治療EGFR突變型晚期肺腺癌的臨床研究
薛 靜1,孫海鳳2*,吳 濤2,郭亞煥2,趙 征2
(1西安交通大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院呼吸與危重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科,西安 710061;2陜西省腫瘤醫(yī)院內(nèi)三科;*通訊作者,E-mail:xiaofeng2009ok@163.com)
目的 探索吉非替尼作為一線治療對(duì)EGFR突變型晚期肺腺癌療效、不良反應(yīng)及預(yù)后的影響。 方法 收集陜西省腫瘤醫(yī)院內(nèi)三科和西安交通大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院呼吸科經(jīng)組織病理學(xué)證實(shí)的EGFR突變型晚期肺腺癌患者(Ⅲ/Ⅳ期)45例。二代測(cè)序檢測(cè)EGFR陽(yáng)性突變位點(diǎn)。評(píng)估吉非替尼作為一線治療對(duì)EGFR突變型肺腺癌患者的療效、生存期、不同突變類型生存差異及不良反應(yīng)。 結(jié)果 45例患者CR 1例(2.2%),PD 2例(4.5%),PR 27例(60%),SD 15例(33.3%),疾病控制率(DCR)為95.5%,客觀緩解率(ORR)為62.3%。EGFR陽(yáng)性突變L858R 26例,19del 19例,兩組患者的PR、SD、DCR和ORR均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,而L858R CR和PD比例均顯著高于19del患者;對(duì)所有患者進(jìn)行3年的隨訪,無進(jìn)展生存期(PFS)為(11.5±4.2)月,總生存期(OS)為(21.7±5.4)月。19del患者無進(jìn)展生存期(13.2月)及總生存期(27.6月)顯著高于L858R無進(jìn)展生存期(9.8月)及總生存期(20.4月)。多因素生存分析示吉非替尼一線治療EGFR突變陽(yáng)型晚期肺腺癌的無進(jìn)展生存期及總生存期與分化程度、臨床分期、年齡、性別和吸煙無關(guān),與突變位點(diǎn)有關(guān)。 結(jié)論 吉非替尼一線治療EGFR突變型有較高的DCR和ORR,同時(shí)EGFR不同突變類型可能影響吉非替尼一線治療晚期肺腺癌PFS和OS。
EGFR突變; 吉非替尼; 肺腺癌; 回顧研究
肺癌是當(dāng)今世界上發(fā)生率和死亡率均居首位的惡性腫瘤,且發(fā)病率逐年上升,其中非小細(xì)胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)約占85%,多數(shù)確診時(shí)已經(jīng)晚期[1]。目前,含鉑雙藥化療方案仍為一線治療晚期NSCLC的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方案,但晚期NSCLC的中位生存期僅為8-10個(gè)月[2]。表皮生長(zhǎng)因子酪氨酸激酶抑制劑(epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR-TKI)作為一種治療NSCLC的分子靶向藥物,具有高效低毒的優(yōu)勢(shì),為NSCLC的治療指出了新的方向。吉非替尼是首個(gè)被應(yīng)用于臨床的EGFR-TKI。EGFR-TKI是一種小分子藥物,它通過與ATP競(jìng)爭(zhēng)結(jié)合于細(xì)胞膜表皮生長(zhǎng)因子受體的酪氨酸區(qū)域,阻止酪氨酸磷酸化,抑制細(xì)胞內(nèi)一系列與腫瘤細(xì)胞的形成、增殖、凋亡相關(guān)的信號(hào)通路聯(lián)級(jí)反應(yīng),從而抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖[3]。EGFR-TKIs在臨床應(yīng)用上仍面臨很多問題,譬如EGFR突變的患者一線EGFR-TKIs治療是否比含鉑兩藥方案化療獲益更多[4-8]。為了使EGFR-TKIs在臨床應(yīng)用中發(fā)揮出最大的優(yōu)勢(shì),本研究對(duì)吉非替尼作為一線治療EGFR突變型的晚期肺腺癌的藥物的藥效做比較分析,以更好地指導(dǎo)EGFR-TKIs在臨床中的應(yīng)用。
1.1 研究對(duì)象
收集2013-01-01~2016-01-01于陜西省腫瘤醫(yī)院內(nèi)三科和西安交通大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院呼吸科經(jīng)組織病理學(xué)證實(shí)的門診及住院EGFR突變型晚期肺腺癌患者(Ⅲ/Ⅳ期)。納入研究的共45例,患者均一線口服吉非替尼,其中男性20 例,女性25例;患者年齡43-73歲,中位年齡(64.5±16.3)歲。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①經(jīng)組織病理學(xué)診斷證實(shí)的晚期(Ⅲ/Ⅳ期)肺腺癌患者;②患者年齡介于20-75歲;③根據(jù)美國(guó)東部腫瘤協(xié)作組制定的體力評(píng)分情況(performance status)PS[9](performance status,體能狀態(tài))評(píng)分≤2分的患者;④所有患者治療前均采用NGS(Next-Generation Sequencing,二代測(cè)序技術(shù))檢測(cè)組織標(biāo)本的EGFR基因檢測(cè);⑤至少有一個(gè)可測(cè)量病灶,根據(jù)實(shí)體瘤的療效評(píng)價(jià)(response evaluation criteria in solid tumors,RECIST)1.1[10]定義的可測(cè)量病灶為靶病灶;⑥回訪無進(jìn)展生存期≥6個(gè)月;⑦治療期間未采用其他抗腫瘤治療。
排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①合并其他部位腫瘤者;②肺纖維化、接受過大面積放療和肺功能嚴(yán)重受損的患者;③臨床資料不完整;④回訪信息不全的患者。
1.2 治療方法
組織病理學(xué)證實(shí)為肺腺癌的患者,均通過天津諾禾醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)所的NGS肺癌9基因pannel檢測(cè)組織標(biāo)本的EGFR突變狀態(tài)。對(duì)于EGFR敏感突變的患者一線EGFR-TKI,本研究中患者均給予吉非替尼250 mg/d,連續(xù)服用直至疾病爆發(fā)進(jìn)展或不能耐受毒副作用為止。
1.3 療效評(píng)價(jià)
患者口服吉非替尼3個(gè)月后進(jìn)行療效評(píng)價(jià),按照RECIST1.1評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):完全緩解(complete response,CR)、部分緩解(partial response,PR)、穩(wěn)定(stable disease,SD)、進(jìn)展(progression disease,PD)。客觀緩解率(objective response rate,ORR)包括CR和PR。疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)包括CR、PR 和SD。無病進(jìn)展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)為首次用藥時(shí)間到疾病進(jìn)展或任何原因引起死亡時(shí)間。按照WHO抗癌藥物毒性表現(xiàn)及分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)價(jià)不良反應(yīng)。隨訪:對(duì)納入研究患者進(jìn)行3年的隨訪,采用電話或門診方式隨訪,末次隨訪時(shí)間為2016年5月30日。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
應(yīng)用SPSS 22.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用例數(shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)表示,組間比較采用卡方檢驗(yàn)。單因素采用Kaplan-Meier法對(duì)生存資料進(jìn)行分析,多因素生存分析數(shù)據(jù)使用COX回歸模型。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 患者的基本資料
納入本研究共45例患者,均為一線口服吉非替尼者,其中男性20例,女性25例;患者年齡43-73歲,中位年齡(64.5±16.3)歲;Ⅲa患者16例,Ⅲb期患者14例,Ⅳ期患者15例,其中骨轉(zhuǎn)移9例,腦轉(zhuǎn)移4例,腎上腺轉(zhuǎn)移2例;PS評(píng)分為0-1分29例,PS 2分16例。各臨床特征不同分類間,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(見表1)。
表1 患者臨床基本資料
Table 1 Clinical basic information of patients
臨床特征例數(shù)(%)χ2P性別0.5560.456 男20(44.4) 女25(55.6)年齡3.7560.053 <65歲16(35.6) ≥65歲29(64.4)臨床分期2.2330.062 Ⅲ30(66.7) Ⅳ15(33.3)PS評(píng)分3.5610.053 0-129(64.4) 216(35.6)吸煙狀態(tài)0.6340.543 不吸煙20(44.4) 吸煙25(55.6)EGFR突變位點(diǎn)1.0860.297 L858R26(57.8) 19del19(42.2)
2.2 吉非替尼一線治療EGFR突變型的晚期肺腺癌的療效評(píng)估
45例患者接受吉非替尼一線治療,其中CR 1例(2.2%),PR 27例(60%),SD 15例(33.3%),PD 2例(4.5%),DCR為95.5%,ORR為62.3%。并對(duì)不同EGFR突變位點(diǎn)的患者的療效做統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,其中存在L858R的患者26例,19del的患者19例,兩組患者的PR、SD、DCR和ORR均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,而L858RCR和PD比例均顯著高于19del患者,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表2)。
表2 不同EGFR敏感突變型的晚期肺腺癌的近期療效 例(%)
Table 2 Short-term efficacy of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with different EGFR-sensitive mutations cases(%)
組別nCRPRSDPDDCRORR L858R組261(3.5)*14(53.8)9(34.6)2(7.6)*24(92.4)15(57.3) 19del組190(0) 13(68.4)6(31.8)0(0) 19(100)13(68.4)
與19del組比較,*P<0.05
2.3 吉非替尼一線治療不同EGFR突變類型的晚期肺腺癌3年生存期的比較
吉非替尼一線治療不同EGFR突變類型的晚期肺腺癌總的無進(jìn)展生存期為(11.5±4.2)個(gè)月,總的3年生存期為(21.7±5.4)個(gè)月。根據(jù)EGFR突變狀態(tài)將患者分為兩組,做3年生存期分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)存在L858R的肺腺癌患者在一線服用吉非替尼的PFS為9.8個(gè)月,而19del的這類患者PFS為13.2個(gè)月,19del的PFS顯著高于L858R;19del 的肺腺癌患者OS為27.6個(gè)月,顯著高于L858R的20.4個(gè)月,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05,見圖1)。
圖1 不同EGFR突變類型的晚期肺腺癌3年生存期比較Figure 1 Comparison of 3-year survival of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with different EGFR mutation
2.4 吉非替尼一線治療EGFR突變陽(yáng)性的晚期肺腺癌多因素生存期分析
單因素分析EGFR突變類型可能會(huì)影響患者的預(yù)后,對(duì)患者的多個(gè)病理因素做生存分析數(shù)據(jù)的COX回歸模型,吉非替尼一線治療EGFR突變型晚期肺腺癌患者的PFS和OS,分別與分化程度、臨床分期、年齡、性別及吸煙無關(guān),突變位點(diǎn)可能影響吉非替尼一線治療EGFR突變型晚期肺腺癌患者的PFS和OS(見表3,4)。
表3 吉非替尼一線治療EGFR突變陽(yáng)性的晚期肺腺癌PFS的COX回歸模型
Table 3 COX regression model of gefitinib first-line treatment for PFS of EGFR-mutation-positive advanced lung adenocarcinoma
臨床指標(biāo)βWaldPEXP(B)分化程度-0.850.0430.9520.871臨床分期0.3210.5590.4551.378年齡-0.0920.4490.8280.907性別1.1614.4330.0353.193吸煙史0.0730.0190.9350.930突變位點(diǎn)1.2678.8480.030*3.553*
*P<0.05
表4 吉非替尼一線治療EGFR突變陽(yáng)性的晚期肺腺癌OS的COX回歸模型
Table 4 COX regression model of gefitinib first-line treatment for OS of EGFR mutant-positive advanced lung adenocarcinoma
臨床指標(biāo)βWaldPEXP(B)分化程度0.6710.5620.2421.871臨床分期0.3212.1760.4551.378年齡-0.0920.3350.8281.957性別1.1613.7330.0353.193吸煙史0.1790.6190.9350.930突變位點(diǎn)1.26714.6460.000*7.553*
*P<0.05
2.5 吉非替尼一線治療EGFR突變型的晚期肺腺癌不良反應(yīng)
45例患者一線服用吉非替尼的總不良反應(yīng)率為24.4%(11/45),其中皮疹(13.3%)較多,所有不良反應(yīng)均為輕微級(jí)別,L858R和19del兩組間不良反應(yīng)無顯著差異(見表5)。
表5 吉非替尼一線治療EGFR突變型的晚期肺腺癌不良反應(yīng) 例(%)
Table 5 Adverse reactions of gefitinib in treatment of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with EGFR mutation cases(%)
EGFR突變類型不良反應(yīng)有無PL858R6(23.1)20(76.9)0.80319del5(26.3)14(73.7)
近年來,肺癌化療的療效并未取得突破性進(jìn)展,而EGFR-TKI使晚期NSCLC患者生存期顯著延長(zhǎng)[5]。近10余年來,EGFR-TKI的研究已經(jīng)取得了很多里程碑意義的結(jié)果。多項(xiàng)大型的國(guó)際多中心臨床研究[11-13]均已證實(shí):對(duì)于EGFR敏感突變的晚期NSCLC患者,EGFR-TKI治療的PFS及ORR均優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)細(xì)胞毒藥物的化療。隨后幾項(xiàng)大型研究[14-17]均通過EGFR-TKI一線治療對(duì)比化療,證實(shí)了其一線治療在EGFR突變患者中的療效。
本研究對(duì)納入的45例EGFR突變的晚期肺腺癌患者,使用吉非替尼一線治療療效進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果顯示,CR 1例(2.2%),PR 27例(60.0%),SD 15例(33.3%),PD 2例(4.5%),DCR為95.5%,ORR為62.3%。對(duì)納入研究患者進(jìn)行3年的隨訪,吉非替尼一線治療不同EGFR突變類型的晚期肺腺癌總的無進(jìn)展生存期為(11.5±4.2)個(gè)月,總的3年生存期為(21.7±5.4)個(gè)月。值得關(guān)注的是,發(fā)現(xiàn)存在L858R的肺腺癌患者在一線服用吉非替尼的PFS為9.8個(gè)月,而19del的這類患者PFS為13.2個(gè)月,19del 的PFS顯著高于L858R;19del 的肺腺癌患者OS為27.6個(gè)月,顯著高于L858R的20.4個(gè)月。
外顯子19缺失突變和外顯子21 L858R突變是EGFR的兩種主要突變型。LUX-Lung 3研究的亞組分析[12]提示二代EGFR-TKI治療EGFR敏感突變患者,中位PFS及中位OS在EGFR 19外顯子缺失突變患者中較化療組顯著延長(zhǎng),而在EGFR 21錯(cuò)義突變患者中雖然有相對(duì)延長(zhǎng)但無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。也有研究證實(shí)在一代EGFR-TKI吉非替尼與厄洛替尼治療EGFR敏感突變患者中顯示,19號(hào)外顯子缺失患者的PFS比21號(hào)外顯子L858R錯(cuò)義突變型患者的相對(duì)長(zhǎng),但兩組之間PFS無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P=0.072)[12-16]。柳菁菁等[16]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于中國(guó)NSCLC患者,不同EGFR敏感突變患者一線接受EGFR-TKI治療的療效和預(yù)后并不相同,19del組患者的中位PFS明顯優(yōu)于其他敏感突變類型,但中位OS與L858R突變組相似。TRIBUTE研究亞組分析得到的結(jié)果也提示EGFR突變狀態(tài)與療效有關(guān)[18,19]。這與本文的研究結(jié)果相似,本組研究提示19del突變患者的PFS(13.2個(gè)月vs9.8個(gè)月)和OS(27.6個(gè)月vs20.4個(gè)月)均長(zhǎng)于L858R錯(cuò)義突變患者,但不同于其他研究的是,兩者OS在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上亦有顯著差異,這可能與本研究樣本量較少有關(guān)。目前,尚缺乏對(duì)靶向藥物治療EGFR不同敏感突變之間的療效作頭對(duì)頭的臨床研究,可能有待進(jìn)一步的相關(guān)研究證實(shí)。
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Clinical study of gefitinib as first-line treatment for EGFR-mutant advanced lung adenocarcinoma
XUE Jing1,SUN Haifeng2*,WU Tao2,GUO Yahuan2,ZHAO Zheng2
(1DepartmentofRespiratoryandCriticalCareMedicine,FirstAffiliatedHospitalofXi’anJiaotongUniversity,Xi’an710061,China;2Department3ofMedicalOncology,TumorHospitalofShaanxiProvince;*Correspondingauthor,E-mail:xiaofeng2009ok@163.com)
ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effects,adverse reactions and prognostic significance of gefitinib as first-line drug in treatment of EGFR-mutantion advanced lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsForty-five patients with EGFR-mutant advanced lung adenocarcinoma(stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ)confirmed by histopathology from department of respiratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University and third department of medical oncology of Tumor Hospital of Shaanxi Province were recruited.The EGFR mutation was evaluated by next-generation sequencing.The therapeutic effects,adverse reactions and prognostic significance of gefitinib were recorded.ResultsAmong the included patients,there was one case of CR(2.2%),2 cases of PD(4.5%),27 cases of PR(60.0%),and 15 cases of SD(33.3%).The disease control rate(DCR)and objective response rate(ORR)was 95.5% and 62.3%,respectively.A total of 26 patients were found L858R EGFR mutation and 19 patients were 19del EGFR mutant.PR,SD,DCR and ORR showed no statistical significance between mutation patients and non-mutantation patients,while the CR and PD rates in L858 patients were significantly higher than that of 19del patients.After follow-up for 3 years,the progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)of all enrolled patients were(21.7±5.4)months and(11.5±4.2)months,respectively.The PFS and OS of 19del EGFR-mutant patients were significantly higher than those of L858R patients.By multivariate analysis,tumor differentiation,clinical stage,age,sex,smoking were not correlated with PFS and OS,but EGFR mutant sites affected the prognosis.ConclusionPatients with EGFR-mutant advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with gefitinib as first therapy have a higher DCR and ORR,and different EGFR mutation types may affect the PFS and OS of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients treated with first-line treatment.
EGFR mutation; gefitinib; lung adenocarcinoma; respective study
薛靜,女,1984-04生,碩士,住院醫(yī)師,E-mail:orangeabc@163.com
2016-12-19
R734.2
A
1007-6611(2017)04-0352-05
10.13753/j.issn.1007-6611.2017.04.011