萬靜++++++黃彩英++++++薛坤喜++++++胡靜++++++平軍嬌++++++杜寶國
[摘要]目的 研究首發(fā)精神分裂癥患者腦源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子(BDNF)及神經(jīng)生長因子(NGF)的血清濃度與臨床癥狀的相關(guān)性。方法 以2015年9月~2016年11月我院早期干預(yù)科住院的38例首發(fā)精神分裂癥患者和50例健康體檢者為研究對(duì)象,使用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA)測定BDNF和NGF血清濃度,使用陽性和陰性癥狀量表(PANSS)評(píng)定患者組臨床癥狀,對(duì)兩組BDNF、NGF血清濃度進(jìn)行比較,使用Pearson相關(guān)分析對(duì)患者組PANSS分和BDNF、NGF血清濃度進(jìn)行相關(guān)分析。結(jié)果 患者組的血清BDNF水平[(2913.19±638.30)pg/ml]顯著低于對(duì)照組[(3553.05±685.98)pg/ml](t=4.465,P<0.01)。患者組的血清NGF水平[(36.96±8.28)pg/ml]顯著低于對(duì)照組[(44.30±10.94)pg/ml](t=3.450,P<0.01)?;颊呓MBDNF血清濃度與PANSS各項(xiàng)分之間沒有相關(guān)性;患者組NGF血清濃度與PANSS陰性分成負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.256,P<0.05),與PANSS總分、陽性分和一般分之間沒有相關(guān)性;患者組BDNF與NGF血清濃度成正相關(guān)(r=0.378,P<0.01)。結(jié)論 精神分裂癥患者存在認(rèn)知功能損害,精神分裂癥患者血清NGF可能影響神經(jīng)生長發(fā)育;BDNF和NGF在精神分裂癥發(fā)病機(jī)制中所起的作用相似。
[關(guān)鍵詞]精神分裂癥;腦源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子;神經(jīng)生長因子
[中圖分類號(hào)] R749.05 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2017)07(a)-0050-03
Research on serum correlation of neurotrophin and clinical symptoms in first episode Schizophrenia
WAN Jing HUANG Cai-ying XUE Kun-xi HU Jing PING Jun-jiao DU Bao-guo
Department of Early Intervention,the Third People′s Hospital of Zhongshan,Guangdong Prouince,Zhongshan 528451,China
[Abstract]Objective To study the correlation among brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),nerve gowth factor(NGF)and the clinical manifestation in first episode schizophrenia.Methods Double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted to quantitate BDNF and NGF serum levels of 38 first episode schizophrenic patients hospitalized in Department of Early Intervention of our Hospital from September 2015 to November 2016 and 50 healthy people for medical examinations.Positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS) was used to evaluate the clinical state of the patients.BNDF and NGF serum concentration of the two groups was analyzed.Pearson correlative analysis was adopted to analyze the correlation between BDNF,NGF serum concentrations and PANSS scores in patient group.Results No statistical differences was found in age,gender or years of education in two groups.Lower BDNF serum levels[(2913.19±638.30)pg/ml] were found(t=4.465,P<0.01)in the patient group than in healthy subjects[(355.3±685.98)pg/ml].Lower NGF serum concentrations[(36.96±8.28)pg/ml] were found (t=3.450,P<0.01)in the patient group than in the controls [(44.30±10.94)pg/ml].BDNF serum concentrations and PANSS scores were not correlated in patient group.There were no correlations found among,PANSS-positive scores,PANSS-general scores and PANSS-Total scores in the patient group,however,NGF serum levels were negatively related to PANSS-negtive scores in patient group (r=-0.256,P<0.05).BDNF was found positively related to NGF serum levels(r=0.378,P<0.01).Conclusion Cognitive impairments occurred in schizophrenic patients,and NGF in the serum may impact growth and development of nervous system.BDNF and NGF may play similar role on nosogenesis of schizophrenia.
[Key words]Schizophrenia;BDNF;NGF
精神分裂癥的病因及發(fā)病機(jī)理尚未明確。目前對(duì)該病最有影響的假說是神經(jīng)發(fā)育假說,尤其是大腦進(jìn)行性發(fā)育障礙的假說[1]。神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子家族的重要成員腦源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子(BDNF)和神經(jīng)生長因子(NGF),均在調(diào)節(jié)突觸可塑性方面具有一定作用,也被廣泛認(rèn)為在調(diào)節(jié)認(rèn)知功能發(fā)揮重要作用。BDNF和NGF也對(duì)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元和五羥色胺神經(jīng)元的存活、生長和維持方面具有調(diào)控作用,故其可能在精神分裂癥病理過程中發(fā)揮一定的作用[2]。既往有研究顯示精神分裂癥BDNF和NGF的血清水平低于正常人群[3],本研究以首發(fā)精神分裂癥患者為研究對(duì)象,比較了首發(fā)精神分裂癥患者和對(duì)照組的BDNF、NGF血清濃度,進(jìn)一步分析了患者組BDNF、NGF血清濃度和PANSS各項(xiàng)分三者之間的相關(guān)性。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
以2015年9月~2016年11月在我院早期干預(yù)科住院的38例首發(fā)精神分裂癥住院患者為研究組。入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①符合《國際疾病與相關(guān)健康問題統(tǒng)計(jì)分類》(International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems,ICD-10)中精神分裂癥的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);②PANSS總分≥60分;③入院前未服過抗精神病藥、抗抑郁劑、情感穩(wěn)定劑與抗癲癇藥;④無癲癇、腦炎等其他腦器質(zhì)性疾病史,無藥物成癮史。以50名健康體檢人員為正常對(duì)照組,對(duì)照對(duì)象均來自我院實(shí)習(xí)生、護(hù)工、護(hù)士等群體。兩組均簽署知情同意書。本研究已通過醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)審批。
1.2方法
研究對(duì)象于入組后次日空腹取5 ml肘靜脈血。采血后將血清分離,冰凍于-20℃冰箱待檢測。選用武漢博士德生物工程有限公司試劑盒,采用雙抗體夾心ELISA進(jìn)行血清BDNF、NGF水平測定,操作步驟依照說明書進(jìn)行。臨床癥狀由接受過PANSS評(píng)定一致性培訓(xùn)的2名精神科主治醫(yī)師評(píng)定,評(píng)定要在患者入組1周內(nèi)完成。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 17.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料采用t檢驗(yàn),使用Pearson進(jìn)行相關(guān)分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1兩組患者一般資料的比較
兩組研究對(duì)象的性別、年齡、受教育程度等方面差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表1)。
2.2兩組患者血清BDNF、NGF濃度比較
患者組的血清BDNF水平[(2913.19±638.30)pg/ml]低于對(duì)照組[(3553.05±685.98)pg/ml],差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=4.465,P=0.000)?;颊呓M的血清NGF水平[(36.96±8.28)pg/ml]低于對(duì)照組[(44.30±10.94)pg/ml],差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=3.450,P=0.001)(圖1)。
2.3患者組的BDNF、NGF血清濃度和PANSS評(píng)分相關(guān)性分析
患者組BDNF與NGF血清濃度成正相關(guān)(r=0.378,P=0.000);患者組的BDNF血清濃度與PANSS各項(xiàng)分之間未發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)性(P>0.05);患者組NGF血清濃度和PANSS陰性分存在負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.468,P=0.003);NGF的血清濃度和其他PANSS評(píng)分之間無相關(guān)性(P>0.05)(表2)。
*P<0.05
3討論
本研究顯示,精神分裂癥患者組的兩種細(xì)胞營養(yǎng)因子BDNF、NGF血清濃度顯著低于對(duì)照組,這與既往的研究一致[4-5]。NGF對(duì)于膽堿能神經(jīng)元的發(fā)展具有決定性的作用,膽堿能神經(jīng)元與學(xué)習(xí)和記憶有密切關(guān)系。尸體解剖發(fā)現(xiàn)死后的大腦膽堿能活性降低。因此NGF可能具有潛在的提高認(rèn)知功能的作用,這些也在精神分裂癥中有所發(fā)現(xiàn)[6]。循環(huán)中神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子濃度的改變,可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)構(gòu)造的改變和認(rèn)知功能的缺損,尤其是會(huì)影響到信息加工,這往往是精神分裂癥出現(xiàn)最基礎(chǔ)的生化改變。神經(jīng)生長因子的不足,可能是精神分裂癥的一個(gè)生化內(nèi)在表型[7-8]。本研究的結(jié)果支持這一結(jié)論。有動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)研究表明,血液中BDNF水平可以反映腦組織中BDNF的水平,且有研究表明精神分裂癥患者大腦中BDNF mRNA水平和蛋白表達(dá)水平也較正常人降低[9]。有研究顯示,BDNF可以促進(jìn)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的生存,增加突觸可塑性及神經(jīng)再生,且能影響中腦邊緣系統(tǒng)與多巴胺系統(tǒng)間的相互作用[10]。多巴胺假說指出,多巴胺能受體異常在精神分裂癥發(fā)生過程中具有重要作用,而BDNF可以通過調(diào)控多巴胺D1受體功能,而與中腦邊緣多巴胺系統(tǒng)存在相互作用,故而推測BDNF可能是參與精神分裂癥病理生理過程的重要物質(zhì)[11-12]。BDNF、NGF在神經(jīng)元發(fā)育及功能保持中起重要作用,其水平的下降可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致腦功能的損傷,尤其是信息傳遞方面的功能缺損,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致腦的病理改變,可能對(duì)精神分裂癥的發(fā)病過程起到至關(guān)重要的作用[13]。本研究提示了這兩種神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子的缺失導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用減弱,一定程度上導(dǎo)致精神分裂癥的發(fā)病,但具體機(jī)制尚不明確。
另外,本研究還顯示NGF血清濃度與患者的PANSS陰性癥狀分成負(fù)相關(guān),與之前的研究一致[14]。精神分裂癥患者的陰性癥狀可以持續(xù)存在終生,常常表現(xiàn)為緩慢地進(jìn)行性加重趨勢,可能是大腦發(fā)育性損害的標(biāo)志。有研究表明,NGF對(duì)膽堿能神經(jīng)元有重要的營養(yǎng)作用,其濃度改變會(huì)導(dǎo)致腦的損傷繼而影響認(rèn)知功能[15]。我們并沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)BDNF與PANSS分相關(guān),但發(fā)現(xiàn)精神分裂癥患者中NGF與BDNF的血清濃度成正相關(guān)。BDNF和NGF作為神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)家族的重要成員,有著相似的神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用,本研究結(jié)果可推測這兩種因子在精神分裂癥的病理生理機(jī)制中所起的作用相似。
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(收稿日期:2017-05-02 本文編輯:崔建中)