王瑩王奇民李敬華韓金宏,4王莉莉巢晨周建華童磊魯旭飛,6周元廖奕翔何宗軒李寧曹蕾劉文君陳正崗,9
1.濰坊醫(yī)學(xué)院口腔醫(yī)學(xué)院,濰坊 261021;
2.青島市市立醫(yī)院口腔頜面外科;
3.中心實(shí)驗(yàn)室,青島 266071;
4.煙臺(tái)市口腔醫(yī)院口腔頜面外科,煙臺(tái) 264008;
5.南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)青島臨床學(xué)院普外科,青島 266071;
6.即墨市普東衛(wèi)生院口腔科,青島 266234;
7.大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)研究生院,大連 116044;8.青島市市立醫(yī)院耳鼻喉科,青島 266071;
9.上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第九人民醫(yī)院口腔頜面外科,上海 200011
體外沉默異戊二烯化酶二牛龍牛兒基轉(zhuǎn)移酶Ⅰ對(duì)舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌增殖的影響
王瑩1王奇民2李敬華3韓金宏2,4王莉莉3巢晨5周建華2童磊2魯旭飛2,6周元1廖奕翔2何宗軒2李寧7曹蕾7劉文君8陳正崗2,9
1.濰坊醫(yī)學(xué)院口腔醫(yī)學(xué)院,濰坊 261021;
2.青島市市立醫(yī)院口腔頜面外科;
3.中心實(shí)驗(yàn)室,青島 266071;
4.煙臺(tái)市口腔醫(yī)院口腔頜面外科,煙臺(tái) 264008;
5.南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)青島臨床學(xué)院普外科,青島 266071;
6.即墨市普東衛(wèi)生院口腔科,青島 266234;
7.大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)研究生院,大連 116044;8.青島市市立醫(yī)院耳鼻喉科,青島 266071;
9.上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第九人民醫(yī)院口腔頜面外科,上海 200011
目的研究異戊二烯化酶二牛龍牛兒基轉(zhuǎn)移酶Ⅰ(GGTase-Ⅰ)在舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌增殖中的作用。方法登錄Genebank確定人GGTase-Ⅰ基因序列,設(shè)計(jì)3條小干擾RNA(siRNA),并將siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染至舌癌細(xì)胞Cal-27(GGTase-ⅠsiRNA組)。設(shè)立空白對(duì)照組(只加入轉(zhuǎn)染試劑,不加入siRNA)和陰性對(duì)照組(NC-siRNA)。采用實(shí)時(shí)定量聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)和蛋白質(zhì)免疫檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后各組細(xì)胞GGTase-Ⅰ、RhoA的mRNA和蛋白表達(dá);蛋白質(zhì)免疫檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后Cyclin D1、p21的表達(dá)變化;細(xì)胞增殖活性檢測(cè)試劑盒和流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞的增殖活性和細(xì)胞周期變化。。結(jié)果與陰性對(duì)照組和空白對(duì)照組相比,GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 組細(xì)胞的GGTase-Ⅰ的mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)下降(P<0.05),RhoA 的mRNA和蛋白表達(dá)無(wú)明顯改變(P>0.05);Cyclin D1的表達(dá)下降,p21表達(dá)升高,細(xì)胞的增殖活性下降,細(xì)胞周期發(fā)生改變(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA能抑制舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞中GGTase-Ⅰ的表達(dá),抑制細(xì)胞增殖,提示GGTase-Ⅰ在舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌增殖中可能發(fā)揮重要作用。
異戊二烯化酶二牛龍牛兒基轉(zhuǎn)移酶Ⅰ; RhoA; 舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌; 增殖; Cyclin D1; p21
Rho家族蛋白是小G蛋白R(shí)as超家族成員,具有GTP酶活性,是已知的與腫瘤密切相關(guān)的蛋白[1]。研究[2]證實(shí),Rho家族蛋白在多種腫瘤中高表達(dá),參與調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞肌動(dòng)蛋白骨架、細(xì)胞極性、基因表達(dá)和細(xì)胞周期等,與腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖密切相關(guān)。Rho家族蛋白需要通過(guò)異戊二烯化酶二牛龍牛兒基轉(zhuǎn)移酶Ⅰ(geranylgeranyltransferaseⅠ,GGTase-Ⅰ)對(duì)其羥基端氨基酸序列進(jìn)行翻譯后修飾,使蛋白正確地定位于胞膜上才能正常發(fā)揮功能[3]。因此,GGTase-Ⅰ在Rho蛋白發(fā)揮生物活性的過(guò)程中起到關(guān)鍵作用。近年來(lái)關(guān)于Rho家族特別是RhoA蛋白及其下游蛋白對(duì)癌癥的作用的研究較多,但對(duì)于GGTase-Ⅰ在癌癥特別是舌癌中的作用研究較少。
本研究應(yīng)用RNA干擾(RNA interference,RNAi)技術(shù),通過(guò)體外設(shè)計(jì)合成人舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞株Cal-27 GGTase-Ⅰ基因的siRNA并轉(zhuǎn)染進(jìn)入細(xì)胞,觀察小干擾RNA(small interfering RNAs,siRNA)對(duì)GGTase-Ⅰ的抑制作用,探討其對(duì)舌癌細(xì)胞增殖的影響,為GGTase-Ⅰ在舌癌治療中的應(yīng)用提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。
1.1 主要材料和試劑
人舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞株Cal-27購(gòu)自中南大學(xué)高等研究中心。
胎牛血清(Gibco公司,美國(guó)),1640培養(yǎng)基、胰蛋白酶(Hyclone公司,美國(guó)),DMSO(Amresco公司,美國(guó)),RNA提取試劑盒、逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒、SuperRealPreMix Plus (SYBR Green ) FP 205(北京天根生化科技有限公司),實(shí)時(shí)定量聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)引物GGTase-Ⅰ、RhoA設(shè)計(jì)合成(TAKARA公司,日本),實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR內(nèi)參磷酸甘油醛脫氫酶(glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH)(上海生工生物工程股份有限公司),siRNA片段設(shè)計(jì)合成、轉(zhuǎn)染試劑(廣州市銳博生物科技有限公司),鼠抗人GGTase-Ⅰ、RhoA(Santa公司,美國(guó)),兔抗人GAPDH、Cyclin D1、p21、羊抗兔IgG、羊抗鼠IgG二抗(武漢伊萊瑞特生物科技有限公司),細(xì)胞增殖活性檢測(cè)試劑盒(cell counting kit-8,CCK-8)(上海七海復(fù)泰生物科技有限公司),細(xì)胞周期與凋亡檢測(cè)試劑盒(上海碧云天生物技術(shù)有限公司),RIPA裂解液(北京索萊寶科技有限公司)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng) 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)選用含10%胎牛血清、青霉素100 mg·mL-1和鏈霉素100 mg·mL-1的1640培養(yǎng)基,置于37 ℃、5%CO2恒溫孵育箱中培養(yǎng)。待細(xì)胞鋪滿瓶底后,棄原培養(yǎng)液,PBS沖洗2次,加入1.0 mL 0.25%胰蛋白酶放于孵育箱內(nèi)約5 min,顯微鏡下觀察,發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)胞胞質(zhì)回縮、間隙增大,加入等體積的含血清的培養(yǎng)基終止消化,將所有液體移入15 mL離心管內(nèi),1 000 r·min-1離心5 min,棄上清,離心管內(nèi)加入12 mL培養(yǎng)基,反復(fù)吹打直至單細(xì)胞懸液。計(jì)數(shù),按1∶2比例傳代接種在新的培養(yǎng)瓶中。
1.2.2 GGTase-ⅠsiRNA的合成 登錄Genebank確定人GGTase-Ⅰ的基因序列,序列號(hào)為NM_005023.3,針對(duì)基因序列設(shè)計(jì)3條siRNA(表1)。
1.2.3 siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染沉默GGTase-Ⅰ基因 轉(zhuǎn)染前1 d按每孔5×105個(gè)將處于對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的Cal-27細(xì)胞接種于6孔板中,每孔加入2 mL不含抗生素的培養(yǎng)基。轉(zhuǎn)染時(shí)細(xì)胞密度為30%~50%。120 μL 1×riboFECT?CP Buffer稀釋5 μL 20 μmol·L-1siRNA儲(chǔ)存液,輕輕混勻。加入12 μL riboFECT? CP試劑,輕輕吹打混勻,室溫孵育0~15 min。棄原培養(yǎng)基,PBS沖洗3遍,每孔加入1 863 μL含血清培養(yǎng)基,將riboFECT?CP混合液加入到細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基中,使siRNA終濃度為50 nmol·L-1,輕輕混勻。將培養(yǎng)板置于37 ℃的CO2孵育箱中培養(yǎng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組為轉(zhuǎn)染GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA組(又分為GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 1組、GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 2組、GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 3組),對(duì)照組為空白對(duì)照組(只加入轉(zhuǎn)染試劑,不加入siRNA)和陰性對(duì)照組(NC-siRNA)。
表 1 針對(duì)GGTase-Ⅰ基因序列設(shè)計(jì)的3條GGTase-Ⅰ siRNATab 1 Three GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA sequences designed for GGTase-Ⅰ gene
1.2.4 實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)各組GGTase-Ⅰ、RhoA 的mRNA表達(dá) 對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)染48 h的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行總RNA提取,紫外分光光度計(jì)測(cè)定RNA含量和濃度,取5 μL的總RNA,將RNA反轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA,取1 μL反轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增反應(yīng),以GAPDH為內(nèi)參照。GGTase-Ⅰ的上游引物序列:5’-CTCCTGCTGATTTCACTTTGG-3’,下游引物序列:5’-CCACGACAAAGTTGTGGTTCA-3’,產(chǎn)物大小為102 bp;RhoA的上游引物序列:5’-GCTGGACTCGGATTCGTTG-3’,下游引物序列:5’-TGGGAACTGGTCCTTGCTG-3’,產(chǎn)物大小為120 bp。反應(yīng)條件:95 ℃預(yù)變性15 min,95 ℃變性10 s,60 ℃退火/延伸31 s,共40個(gè)循環(huán)。熒光信號(hào)實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)和數(shù)據(jù)分析由Stratagene熒光定量PCR儀自動(dòng)完成,結(jié)果采用相對(duì)定量法,采用2-??Ct公式計(jì)算GGTase-Ⅰ、RhoA mRNA的相對(duì)表達(dá)水平,其中Ct值為循環(huán)閾值。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.2.5 蛋白質(zhì)免疫印跡法(Western blotting)檢測(cè)各組細(xì)胞的蛋白表達(dá) 提取各組細(xì)胞的蛋白質(zhì),等量上樣,采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳(polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,PAGE)電泳分離,電轉(zhuǎn)移(轉(zhuǎn)膜條件:GAPDH、GGTase-Ⅰ,200 mA,90 min;Rho A,200 mA,70 min),5%脫脂奶粉室溫?fù)u床封閉2 h后,加入一抗(GAPDH,1︰1 000;GGTase-Ⅰ,1︰200;RhoA,1︰500),4 ℃孵育過(guò)夜,三羥甲基氨基甲烷緩沖鹽水(triethanolamine buffered saline,TBST)沖洗3次,加入二抗(1︰50 000),37 ℃搖床孵育2 h。TBST沖洗后,電化學(xué)發(fā)光(electrochemiluminescence,ECL)檢測(cè),顯色曝光。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
根據(jù)GGTase-Ⅰ蛋白和mRNA表達(dá)量選取GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA組中沉默效率最強(qiáng)的一組作為實(shí)驗(yàn)組。檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)組、陰性對(duì)照組、空白對(duì)照組細(xì)胞Cyclin D1、p21蛋白表達(dá),方法同前(轉(zhuǎn)膜條件:Cyclin D1,200 mA,90 min;p21,200 mA,70 min。一抗?jié)舛龋篊yclin D1,1︰500;p21,1︰500)。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.2.6 CCK-8試劑盒檢測(cè)Cal-27增殖能力 將細(xì)胞每孔2 000個(gè)接種于96孔培養(yǎng)板中,待細(xì)胞融合約30%時(shí),實(shí)驗(yàn)組、陰性對(duì)照組、空白對(duì)照組分別轉(zhuǎn)染siRNA,使siRNA終濃度為50 nmol·L-1。實(shí)驗(yàn)每組設(shè)5個(gè)復(fù)孔。按照試劑盒說(shuō)明書操作,分別測(cè)定轉(zhuǎn)染0、24、48 h后450 nm波長(zhǎng)下各孔吸光度值,比較組間差異。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.2.7 流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)Cal-27細(xì)胞周期 實(shí)驗(yàn)組、陰性對(duì)照組、空白對(duì)照組分別收集轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后的6孔板細(xì)胞(每組至少6個(gè)孔),PBS沖洗3次,用0.25%胰酶消化細(xì)胞,用含血清的培養(yǎng)液中止,輕輕吹打,收集細(xì)胞懸液,1 000 r·min-1離心5 min,小心吸除上清。按照說(shuō)明書放入流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)細(xì)胞周期。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 19.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)量資料的組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 轉(zhuǎn)染后各組細(xì)胞的mRNA表達(dá)
實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明,轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后,與陰性對(duì)照組和空白對(duì)照組相比,GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 組Cal-27細(xì)胞的GGTase-Ⅰ mRNA表達(dá)下降(P<0.05);GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA組間相比,GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 2組的mRNA表達(dá)低于GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 1組和GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 3組(P<0.05),表明GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 2組的干擾效果優(yōu)于GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 1組和GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 3組。各組的RhoA mRNA表達(dá)無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05)(圖1)。
2.2 轉(zhuǎn)染后各組細(xì)胞的GGTase-Ⅰ、RhoA蛋白表達(dá)
Western blotting檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明,轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后,與陰性對(duì)照組和空白對(duì)照組相比,GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA組Cal-27細(xì)胞的GGTase-Ⅰ蛋白表達(dá)下降(P<0.05);GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA組間相比,GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 2組的GGTase-Ⅰ蛋白表達(dá)低于GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 1組和GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 3組(P<0.05),表明GGTase-ⅠsiRNA 2組的干擾效果優(yōu)于GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 1組和GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 3組。各組的RhoA 蛋白表達(dá)無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05)(圖2)。
圖 1 轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后各組的GGTase-Ⅰ、RhoA mRNA表達(dá)Fig 1 Expression of GGTase-Ⅰ, RhoA mRNA 48 h after transfection of every group
圖 2 轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后各組的GGTase-Ⅰ、RhoA蛋白表達(dá)Fig 2 Expression of GGTase-Ⅰ, RhoA protein 48 h after transfection of every group
2.3 轉(zhuǎn)染后各組細(xì)胞的Cyclin D1、p21蛋白表達(dá)
根據(jù)mRNA和Western blotting檢測(cè)結(jié)果,選取干擾效率最強(qiáng)的GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA 2組作為實(shí)驗(yàn)組。Western blotting檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明,轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后實(shí)驗(yàn)組與陰性對(duì)照組和空白對(duì)照組相比,Cyclin D1蛋白表達(dá)下降,p21蛋白表達(dá)升高(P<0.05)(圖3)。
圖 3 轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后各組Cyclin D1、p21蛋白的表達(dá)Fig 3 Expression of Cyclin D1, p21 protein 48 h after transfection of every group
2.4 轉(zhuǎn)染不同時(shí)間各組細(xì)胞的增殖變化
轉(zhuǎn)染0、24、48 h后,空白對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組之間的細(xì)胞增殖能力無(wú)明顯差異,而實(shí)驗(yàn)組細(xì)胞的增殖能力下降(P<0.05)(圖4)。
圖 4 轉(zhuǎn)染不同時(shí)間各組細(xì)胞的增殖活力Fig 4 Cell proliferation ability with different time after transfection of every group
2.5 轉(zhuǎn)染后各組細(xì)胞周期的變化
流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)結(jié)果(圖5)表明,轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后,與空白對(duì)照組和陰性對(duì)照組相比,實(shí)驗(yàn)組的S期細(xì)胞下降,G2期細(xì)胞上升(P<0.05)。
圖 5 轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后各組的細(xì)胞周期變化Fig 5 The effect of cell cycle 48 h after transfection of every group
Rho家族蛋白具有GTP酶活性,是目前研究較多的與癌癥相關(guān)的基因家族[4]。Rho家族蛋白成員參與了細(xì)胞骨架調(diào)節(jié)、細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控、細(xì)胞周期進(jìn)程、細(xì)胞微管運(yùn)輸?shù)榷喾N與癌癥相關(guān)的信號(hào)通路的調(diào)節(jié)[5]。Rho蛋白的羥基端氨基酸序列為CAAX基序,其中“C”為半胱氨酸,“A”為脂肪族氨基酸,“X”代表任意氨基酸。GGTase-Ⅰ由α、β兩個(gè)亞基組成,對(duì)包括Rho家族蛋白在內(nèi)的多種GTP酶的CAAX序列進(jìn)行異戊二烯化,參與GTP酶蛋白的翻譯后修飾,引導(dǎo)酶蛋白正確定位于細(xì)胞膜上,是GTP酶被激活的前提[6]。研究[7]證實(shí),GGTase-Ⅰ對(duì)癌細(xì)胞的增殖、遷移、凋亡以及化療敏感性都有不同程度的影響,抑制GGTase-Ⅰ的活性可抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖,從而抑制腫瘤的發(fā)展。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)GGTase-Ⅰ基因沉默后,RhoA基因的mRNA和蛋白變化無(wú)明顯變化,推測(cè)GGTase-Ⅰ基因與RhoA的細(xì)胞內(nèi)合成無(wú)關(guān);同時(shí),抑制細(xì)胞GGTase-Ⅰ基因的表達(dá)后,發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)胞的增殖受到抑制,細(xì)胞周期發(fā)生改變,Cyclin D1表達(dá)明顯下降,p21表達(dá)明顯上升。
真核細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞周期分為4個(gè)階段:G1期、S期、G2期、M期。G1/S期的過(guò)程決定細(xì)胞能否進(jìn)行DNA復(fù)制,是細(xì)胞增殖的關(guān)鍵。腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、侵襲及遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移都與細(xì)胞增殖活性密切相關(guān),細(xì)胞的增殖失控是惡性腫瘤的典型特點(diǎn)。細(xì)胞增殖主要由細(xì)胞周期調(diào)節(jié)因子細(xì)胞周期素(Cyclins)和細(xì)胞周期依賴性激酶(Cyclin-dependent kinases,CDKs)等蛋白控制,受多種信號(hào)機(jī)制調(diào)控。Cyclin D1是發(fā)現(xiàn)最早的原癌基因[8],在肝癌[9]、食管癌[10]、腸癌[11]、宮頸癌[12]等多種腫瘤細(xì)胞中過(guò)度表達(dá),是G1期細(xì)胞向S期轉(zhuǎn)變的關(guān)鍵蛋白[13-14]。RhoA、Rac 和Cdc42都能促進(jìn)Cyclin D1的轉(zhuǎn)錄,Rac還可參與促進(jìn)Cyclin D1的mRNA翻譯[15]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,沉默GGTase-Ⅰ后,Cyclin D1的表達(dá)下降,細(xì)胞G1/S期轉(zhuǎn)變受抑制,S期細(xì)胞明顯下降,細(xì)胞增殖明顯被抑制,與沉默RhoA后細(xì)胞增殖活性下降的研究結(jié)果一致[16]。
Rho家族蛋白除上調(diào)Cyclin D1外,還可以下調(diào)細(xì)胞周期蛋白依賴性激酶抑制物(Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein,CDKI)。有絲分裂抑制因子p21是第一個(gè)被發(fā)現(xiàn)的CDKIs成員,可被P53誘導(dǎo)生成,抑制DNA復(fù)制,阻止CDKs與特異Cyclin結(jié)合,包括Cyclin A/CDK2、Cyclin E/CDK2、Cyclin D1/CDK4和Cyclin D2/CDK4等的結(jié)合[17-19],從而抑制細(xì)胞G1/S期的轉(zhuǎn)變,負(fù)性調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞周期,抑制細(xì)胞增殖[20-21]。研究[22-23]證實(shí),上調(diào)p21在細(xì)胞中的表達(dá),可以抑制DNA復(fù)制,抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞G1/S期的轉(zhuǎn)變,從而抑制細(xì)胞過(guò)度增殖,與腫瘤的治療和預(yù)后正相關(guān)。使用RhoA抑制劑辛伐他汀可通過(guò)抑制RhoA表達(dá),使細(xì)胞內(nèi)p21顯著上調(diào),抑制細(xì)胞增殖[24]。此外還有研究[25]證實(shí),GGTase-Ⅰ可能通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)P53來(lái)發(fā)揮細(xì)胞周期的調(diào)控。本研究中,抑制GGTase-Ⅰ后,RhoA的基因和蛋白表達(dá)均無(wú)明顯變化,而Cyclin D1明顯下降,p21蛋白表達(dá)顯著上升,推測(cè)GGTase-Ⅰ是在RhoA蛋白修飾過(guò)程中發(fā)揮了重要作用,未對(duì)RhoA基因表達(dá)產(chǎn)生抑制,并通過(guò)促進(jìn)Cyclin D1生成、抑制p21表達(dá)來(lái)影響腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí),GGTase-Ⅰ siRNA可以有效地抑制人舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞株Cal-27的GGTase-Ⅰ表達(dá),改變細(xì)胞周期,抑制細(xì)胞增殖,推測(cè)抑制GGTase-Ⅰ表達(dá)可以抑制RhoA蛋白的翻譯后修飾從而抑制RhoA蛋白活性,調(diào)控Cyclin D1和p21的表達(dá),改變細(xì)胞周期,抑制舌癌細(xì)胞的增殖,證實(shí)了GGTase-Ⅰ可能作為舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌基因治療的靶點(diǎn),為腫瘤的治療提供新的治療思路,但其在Rho家族蛋白的具體作用機(jī)制尚需進(jìn)一步研究。
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(本文編輯 李彩)
Effects of geranylgeranyltransferaseⅠsilencing on the proliferation of tongue squamous cancer cells
Wang Ying1, Wang Qimin2, Li Jinghua3, Han Jinhong2,4, Wang Lili3, Chao Chen5, Zhou Jianhua2, Tong Lei2, Lu Xufei2,6, Zhou Yuan1, Liao Yixiang2, He Zongxuan2, Li Ning7, Cao Lei7, Liu Wenjun8, Chen Zhenggang2,9.
(1. College of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261021, China; 2. Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, China; 3. Central Lab, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, China; 4. Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai 264008, China; 5. Dept. of Surgery, Qingdao Clinical Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao 266071, China; 6. Dept. of Stomatology, Pudong Hospital of Jimo City, Qingdao 266234, China; 7. Postgraduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; 8. Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, China; 9. Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China)
ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the effect of geranylgeranyltransferaseⅠ (GGTase-Ⅰ) on the proliferation and growth of tongue squamous cancer cells.MethodsThree small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were designed on the basis of the GGTase-Ⅰ sequence inGeneBank. These siRNAs were then transfected into tongue squamous cancer cells Cal-27. The mRNA and protein expression of GGTase-Ⅰ and RhoA were examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The expression of Cyclin D1 and p21 were examined by Western blotting. The proliferation and growth ability were analyzed by cell counting kit-8 assay and fow cytometry.ResultsThe mRNA and protein expression of GGTase-Ⅰ in Cal-27 was reduced signifcantly after the GGTase-Ⅰ siRNAs were transfected (P<0.05). No signifcant difference in RhoA mRNA and protein expression was detected (P>0.05). Cyclin D1 expression decreased, whereas p21 expression increased signifcantly. The cell cycle was altered, and the growth-proliferative activity was inhibited (P<0.05).ConclusionGGTase-Ⅰ siRNA can inhibit the expression of GGTase-Ⅰ and the proliferative activity of tongue squamous cancer cells. GGTase-Ⅰ may be a potential target for gene therapy in tongue squamous cell cancer.
geranylgeranyltransferaseⅠ; RhoA; tongue squamous cancer; proliferation; Cyclin D1; p21
R 739.8
A
10.7518/hxkq.2017.04.006
Supported by: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (81372908); Project of Qingdao Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission (2014-WJZD009, 2013-WSZD011). Correspondence: Chen Zhenggang, E-mail: chenzhg1973 @163.com.
2016-10-11;
2017-04-09
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(81372908);青島市衛(wèi)計(jì)委計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2014-WJZD009,2013-WSZD011)
王瑩,碩士,E-mail:469055264@qq.com
陳正崗,副主任醫(yī)師,博士,E-mail:chenzhg1973@163. com