陳藝丹,潘一峰,趙天力
(中南大學(xué)湘雅醫(yī)院,湖南 長(zhǎng)沙 410008)
經(jīng)胸封堵應(yīng)用于法洛四聯(lián)癥根治術(shù)圍術(shù)期治療1例
陳藝丹,潘一峰,趙天力
(中南大學(xué)湘雅醫(yī)院,湖南 長(zhǎng)沙 410008)
法洛四聯(lián)癥;經(jīng)胸封堵;姑息根治;床旁
法洛四聯(lián)癥(tetralogy of fallot,TOF)是最為常見的發(fā)紺型先天性心臟病[1],國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)其治療策略存在著巨大爭(zhēng)議[2],特別對(duì)于肺血管發(fā)育差的法洛四聯(lián)癥是否I期根治目前仍無(wú)定論[3-5]。本院日前對(duì)1例肺血管發(fā)育差的TOF患兒實(shí)施I期根治后無(wú)法停機(jī),轉(zhuǎn)為姑息根治,并于術(shù)后3 d應(yīng)用經(jīng)胸封堵成功,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
患兒,男,2歲,9.5 kg,入院時(shí)四肢血氧飽和度70%~75%,測(cè)量室間隔缺損約為15 mm,對(duì)位不良型,房間隔缺損約為8 mm,繼發(fā)孔中央型,右室流出道最窄出為1.5 mm,右室流出道肌束異常增生肥厚,主動(dòng)脈瓣騎跨約50%,主肺動(dòng)脈約8.5 mm,左右肺動(dòng)脈各約5 mm,計(jì)算McGoon值約為1.0,Nakata指數(shù)為80.10 mm2/m2,左室舒張末期射血分?jǐn)?shù)為61.22 ml/m2。
患兒擬行I期根治手術(shù),但術(shù)中測(cè)心室壓力比(Prv/Plv)≈1,停機(jī)困難,遂予以室間隔補(bǔ)片上留孔4 mm,再次測(cè)壓心室壓力比約為0.63,術(shù)后順利停機(jī)安返監(jiān)護(hù)室。返回監(jiān)護(hù)室后氧飽和度約為86%,生命體征平穩(wěn),術(shù)后氧飽和度逐漸上升,生命體征逐漸平穩(wěn),血管活性藥物逐漸減量,術(shù)后第3天,血氧飽和上升至95%左右,遂于床旁開胸在食管超聲引導(dǎo)下經(jīng)胸置入7 mm封堵器1枚[6-7],術(shù)后測(cè)心室壓力比(Prv/Plv)≈0.7。術(shù)后恢復(fù)滿意,于術(shù)后第8天拔除氣管插管轉(zhuǎn)出監(jiān)護(hù)室。見附表。
表1 術(shù)后變化情況及血管活性藥物應(yīng)用情況
對(duì)于肺血管發(fā)育差的TOF患兒大多數(shù)醫(yī)生仍主張分期手術(shù)[2],McGoon值、Nakata指數(shù)和左室舒張末期射血分?jǐn)?shù)為TOF治療策略的重要參考指標(biāo)[8],但是隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展和術(shù)后處理手段的多樣化,越來(lái)越多的醫(yī)生開始嘗試I期根治TOF患兒[9-10]。而法洛四聯(lián)癥I期根治術(shù)后停機(jī)困難有多種可能:①術(shù)中畸形矯治不滿意,殘余梗阻較為嚴(yán)重;②術(shù)前側(cè)支豐富,術(shù)后肺血流/通氣比不平衡;③術(shù)中心肌損傷過(guò)重,心肌收縮乏力等。而本次術(shù)中采用食管超聲探明無(wú)上述仍需進(jìn)一步處理情況,隨后可推測(cè)其可能原因?yàn)橛沂壹∪庥捎谑柰ê笮募∷[導(dǎo)致右室壓力過(guò)高[4],從而導(dǎo)致停機(jī)困難,于是本次手術(shù)也采取了大多數(shù)中心會(huì)采用留孔法以暫緩右室壓力。而多數(shù)中心對(duì)于術(shù)中留孔采取待術(shù)后病情平穩(wěn)后經(jīng)皮封堵策略[11],但是考慮到術(shù)后早期封堵需要轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)患兒進(jìn)入心導(dǎo)管室有轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),而術(shù)后晚期封堵則需要再次手術(shù)并需要患兒承受更長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間缺氧,筆者認(rèn)為都不是最好的策略,因此本院采取術(shù)后待心肌水腫爆發(fā)期過(guò)后即刻利用床旁食管彩超經(jīng)胸封堵室間隔補(bǔ)片留孔,術(shù)后效果滿意。當(dāng)然,需要更大量的臨床數(shù)據(jù)以驗(yàn)證該方法的有效性和安全性。
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(張蕾 編輯)
R541.1
D
2016-11-18
趙天力,E-mail:dr.zhaotl@gmail.com;Tel:15574389964
現(xiàn)工作單位為中南大學(xué)湘雅二醫(yī)院心血管外科
10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2017.22.027
1005-8982(2017)22-0127-02
中國(guó)現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)雜志2017年22期