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LRG1在結(jié)直腸癌患者血清中的表達(dá)及臨床意義

2017-10-23 18:53:08陳周峰黃智銘金瑞放
中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2017年26期
關(guān)鍵詞:直腸直腸癌意義

陳周峰++黃智銘++金瑞放

[摘要] 目的 研究富含亮氨酸的α-2糖蛋白1(Leucine rich alpha -2 glycoprotein 1,LRG1)在結(jié)直腸癌患者血清的表達(dá),探討其臨床意義。 方法 共納入65例結(jié)直腸癌患者、55例結(jié)直腸良性腫瘤患者、50例健康志愿者;分別采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA 法)檢測血清LRG1水平,然后對三組患者血清中LRG1和CEA表達(dá)水平、結(jié)直腸癌血清LRG1與臨床腫瘤分期的關(guān)系進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析。 結(jié)果 與結(jié)直腸良性腫瘤組及健康查體組相比,結(jié)直腸癌組血清中LRG1和 CEA水平明顯偏高(P<0.01),結(jié)直腸良性腫瘤組和正常對照組比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);結(jié)直腸癌腫瘤分期與患者血清LRG1水平相關(guān),Ⅲ、Ⅳ期惡性腫瘤患者血清LRG1水平明顯高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期惡性腫瘤患者,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01);聯(lián)合檢測與單獨檢測LRG1相比,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Z=2.763,P<0.01);與單獨檢測相比,聯(lián)合檢測準(zhǔn)確率更高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Z=3.034,P<0.01);LRG1與CEA差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Z=0.752,P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 LRG1可作為結(jié)直腸癌診斷潛在的生物學(xué)標(biāo)記。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 結(jié)直腸癌;富含亮氨酸α-2糖蛋白1;癌胚抗原;腫瘤標(biāo)志物

[中圖分類號] R735.34;R730.43 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-9701(2017)26-0001-03

Expression of LRG1 in serum of patients with colorectal cancer and its clinical significance

CHEN Zhoufeng HUANG Zhiming JIN Ruifang

Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China

[Abstract] Objective To study the expression of leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) in serum of patients with colorectal cancer and to explore its clinical significance. Methods A total of 65 patients with colorectal cancer, 55 patients with colorectal benign tumors and 50 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Serum LRG1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and then the levels of LRG1 and CEA in serum were compared between the three groups. The relationship between serum LRG1 and clinical stage was analyzed statistically. Results Compared with those of colorectal benign tumor group and healthy examination group, the levels of LRG1 and CEA in colorectal cancer group were significantly higher(P<0.01), and there was no significant difference between colorectal benign tumor group and normal control group(P>0.05). The stage of colorectal cancer was correlated with the level of serum LRG1.The level of serum LRG1 in patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ malignant tumor was significantly higher than that in patients with stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ malignant tumor, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). There was significant difference between the combined detection and separate detection of LRG1(Z=2.763, P<0.01). Compared with that of separate detection, the accuracy of combined detection was higher, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=3.034, P<0.01). There was significant difference between LRG1 and CEA (Z=0.752, P<0.05). Conclusion LRG1 can be used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.endprint

[Key words] Colorectal cancer; Leucine rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1; Carcinoembryonic antigen; Tumor markers

結(jié)直腸癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是全世界第三大常見的癌癥,是全世界癌癥死亡的主要原因之一[1]。如果在早期階段發(fā)現(xiàn)腫瘤,預(yù)后良好。結(jié)腸鏡檢查是最可靠的診斷結(jié)直腸癌的依據(jù),但結(jié)腸鏡大規(guī)模篩查比較難實現(xiàn)。因此,敏感性、特異性高的血清腫瘤標(biāo)志物是很有意義的。癌胚抗原(Carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)是臨床上常用的腫瘤標(biāo)志物,在多種腫瘤中表達(dá)升高。富含亮氨酸的α-2糖蛋白1(LRG1)是富亮氨酸重復(fù)序列(leucine-rich repeat,LRR)家族的成員之一,1977年首次從人類血清分離出[2]。研究已證實在蛋白質(zhì)相互作用下LRG1能夠?qū)π盘栟D(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)、細(xì)胞粘附等產(chǎn)生作用,該機(jī)制與細(xì)胞存活、遷移有著密不可分的聯(lián)系[3]。隨著臨床研究的不斷發(fā)展,LRG1在肺癌、胰腺癌等腫瘤中的高表達(dá)得到醫(yī)學(xué)界的廣泛認(rèn)可[5]。本研究分別采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA 法)檢測結(jié)直腸癌患者、結(jié)直腸良性腫瘤患者及健康志愿者血清LRG1水平和CEA水平,探討LRG1在結(jié)直腸癌的診斷價值,現(xiàn)報道如下。

1 對象與方法

1.1研究對象

選取2016年1~11月期間在我院接受治療的65例結(jié)直腸癌患者作為結(jié)直腸癌組,經(jīng)過病理學(xué)診斷確診為結(jié)直腸癌,其中男32例,女33例,年齡29~75歲,平均(50.90±9.50)歲。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①符合結(jié)直腸癌的臨床診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);②結(jié)直腸癌初診患者;③患者未接受過放、化療及生物治療[6]。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①存在其他類型腫瘤疾病;②結(jié)直腸癌復(fù)發(fā)或術(shù)后患者;③存在嚴(yán)重心、肝、腎功能疾病及免疫系統(tǒng)疾病患者;④術(shù)前接受其他方式治療患者;⑤妊娠期患者;⑥不依從、不配合治療患者[7]。選取我院結(jié)腸息肉治療患者55例為結(jié)直腸良性腫瘤組,術(shù)后病理學(xué)診斷為低級別上皮內(nèi)瘤變或結(jié)腸增生性息肉,其中男30例,女25例,年齡30~71歲,平均(44.45±10.94)歲。選取我院查體的健康人50例為健康對照組,結(jié)腸鏡檢查均未見異常。其中男28例,女22例,年齡28~72歲,平均(42.32±9.23)歲,三組之間性別、年齡等一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 標(biāo)本采集 所有入選者晨起空腹抽取靜脈血6 mL收集在一個真空采血管內(nèi),室溫下靜置30 min,然后2500 r/min給予10 min離心處理,收集的血清保存于-80℃冰箱。

1.2.2 血清LRG1水平 采用ELISA 法對血清LRG1予以檢測,ELISA試劑盒由MYBIOSOURCE公司提供,嚴(yán)格按照相關(guān)說明操作。對450 nm波長處樣品吸光度(OD)值給予ELISA檢測??v坐標(biāo)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物濃度,橫坐標(biāo)為OD值,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線的繪制采用的是 CURVE EXKPERT 軟件。根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線回歸方程對樣品濃度進(jìn)行計算。

1.2.3 血清CEA水平 嚴(yán)格按照ELISA檢測試劑盒說明對血清CEA水平予以檢測。

1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法

采用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析,計量資料由中位數(shù)、極差表示,并予以Shapiro-Wilk正態(tài)性檢驗。用 Mann-Whitney U檢驗獨立樣本均數(shù)。繪制血清LRG1和CEA受試者工作曲線(receiver operating curve,ROC),并采用AUC對診斷價值予以評估,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 三組患者血清中LRG1和CEA表達(dá)水平比較

與結(jié)直腸良性腫瘤組及健康查體組相比,結(jié)直腸癌組血清中LRG1和 CEA水平明顯偏高(P<0.01),結(jié)直腸良性腫瘤組和正常對照組比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表1。

表1 三組患者血清中LRG1和CEA表達(dá)水平比較(x±s,ng/mL)

注:a.LGR1結(jié)直腸癌組vs健康查體組 Z=-7.384,P<0.01;b.LGR1結(jié)直腸癌組vs結(jié)直腸良性腫瘤組Z=-6.946,P<0.01;c.CEA結(jié)直腸癌組vs健康查體組Z=-6.936,P<0.01;d. CEA結(jié)直腸癌組vs結(jié)直腸良性腫瘤組Z=-6.093,P<0.01

2.2 結(jié)直腸癌血清LRG1與臨床腫瘤分期的關(guān)系

結(jié)直腸癌腫瘤分期與患者血清LRG1水平相關(guān),Ⅲ、Ⅳ期惡性腫瘤患者血清LRG1水平明顯高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。見表2。

表2 結(jié)直腸癌血清LRG1與臨床腫瘤分期的關(guān)系

2.3 ROC曲線分析和診斷評估

以ROC曲線分析評估LRG1對結(jié)直腸癌的診斷價值。將病理學(xué)診斷作為金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),LRG1與CEA其中一項表現(xiàn)為陽性可確診為陽性,若兩者檢測均顯示陰性,則判斷為檢測陰性,血清LRG1和CEA水平及聯(lián)合檢測ROC曲線(封三圖1)。血清LRG1診斷結(jié)直腸癌的臨界值及曲線下面積分別為75.50 ng/mL、0.885;血清CEA診斷結(jié)直腸癌的臨界值為5.25 ng/mL,曲線下面積(AUC)為0.850;聯(lián)合檢測曲線下面積為0.950。聯(lián)合檢測與單獨檢測LRG1相比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Z=2.763,P<0.01);與單獨檢測相比,聯(lián)合檢測準(zhǔn)確率更高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Z=3.034,P<0.01);LRG1與CEA差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Z=0.752,P<0.05)。

3 討論

結(jié)直腸癌是人類常見惡性腫瘤,包括結(jié)腸癌和直腸癌。結(jié)直腸癌的早期無癥狀,或癥狀不明顯,隨著癌腫發(fā)展,癥狀逐漸出現(xiàn),因其發(fā)病部位不同而表現(xiàn)出不同的臨床癥狀及體征。結(jié)直腸癌的診斷主要基于結(jié)腸鏡檢查,血腫瘤標(biāo)記物癌胚抗原(CEA)檢測,有助于結(jié)直腸癌的診斷。目前我國臨床對結(jié)直腸癌的篩查方法缺乏敏感性、特異性及陽性預(yù)測值的生物標(biāo)記物,因此,對早期診斷生物標(biāo)記物的研究迫在眉睫,其對于結(jié)直腸癌早期診斷、治療及預(yù)后有著重要意義。最初,LRG1的作用是作為炎癥反應(yīng)的標(biāo)志物發(fā)現(xiàn)的。Serada等研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎中,血清LRG1水平與潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎的炎癥活動相關(guān),比C反應(yīng)蛋白更加敏感[8-14]。隨后,有其他學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn),LRG1在胰腺癌、肝癌、卵巢癌、肺癌等多種惡性腫瘤的表達(dá)升高,其表達(dá)量與惡性腫瘤的疾病進(jìn)展、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)[4-5]。本文通過ELISA檢測結(jié)直腸癌患者血清LRG1,發(fā)現(xiàn)其較結(jié)直腸良性腫瘤及健康人群的血清明顯升高,且LRG1水平與腫瘤進(jìn)展相關(guān)。endprint

血清CEA作為臨床上常用的腫瘤標(biāo)志物,其診斷結(jié)直腸癌及判斷腫瘤分期有一定局限性。而血清LRG1聯(lián)合血清CEA診斷結(jié)直腸癌的敏感性和特異性高于單獨檢測CEA。本研究結(jié)果表明,與結(jié)直腸良性腫瘤組及健康查體組相比,結(jié)直腸癌組血清中LRG1和 CEA水平明顯偏高(P<0.01),結(jié)直腸良性腫瘤組和正常對照組比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);結(jié)直腸癌腫瘤分期與患者血清LRG1水平相關(guān),Ⅲ、Ⅳ期惡性腫瘤患者血清LRG1水平明顯高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期惡性腫瘤患者,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01);ROC曲線分析來評估LRG1對結(jié)直腸癌的診斷價值。將病理學(xué)診斷作為金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),LRG1與CEA其中一項表現(xiàn)陽性可確診為陽性,若兩者檢測均顯示陰性,則判斷為檢測陰性。血清LRG1診斷結(jié)直腸癌的臨界值及曲線下面積分別為75.50 ng/mL、0.885;血清CEA診斷結(jié)直腸癌的臨界值為5.25 ng/mL,曲線下面積為0.850;聯(lián)合檢測曲線下面積(AUC)為0.950。聯(lián)合檢測與單獨檢測LRG1相比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Z=2.763,P<0.01);與單獨檢測相比,聯(lián)合檢測準(zhǔn)確率更高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Z=3.034,P<0.01);LRG1與CEA差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(Z=0.752,P<0.05),與近期其他的文獻(xiàn)報道結(jié)果一致,提示LRG1水平與結(jié)直腸癌密切相關(guān),結(jié)合血清CEA檢測可為結(jié)直腸癌的診斷提供價值[15-20]。

總之,LRG1可作為結(jié)直腸癌診斷潛在的生物學(xué)標(biāo)記,值得臨床充分重視。

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(收稿日期:2017-06-13)endprint

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