程濤 伍偉玲 +黃河
[摘要] 目的 研究肺結核患者Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17免疫應答情況。 方法 選擇2013年5月~2016年10月在解放軍第四五八醫(yī)院接受治療的復治肺結核和初治肺結核患者,分別作為復治結核組(n=38)和初治結核組(n=47);另取同期體檢的健康志愿者作為對照組(n=50)。檢測外周血中Th1、Th2、Treg、Th17細胞及相應細胞因子含量,血清中炎癥介質(zhì)的含量。 結果 復治結核組和初治結核組外周血中Th1、Th17及IFN-γ含量均顯著低于對照組,Th2、Treg及IL-4、IL-5、IL-10、IL-17、TGF-β、HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2含量均顯著高于對照組(P < 0.05);復治結核組外周血中Th1、Th17及IFN-γ含量均顯著低于初治結核組,Th2、Treg及IL-4、IL-5、IL-10、IL-17、TGF-β、HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2含量均顯著高于初治結核組(P < 0.05);HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2與Th1、Th17呈負相關,與Th2、Treg呈正相關(P < 0.05)。 結論 肺結核患者病情變化與Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17免疫應答失衡存在密切關聯(lián)。
[關鍵詞] 肺結核;免疫應答;輔助性T細胞;炎癥介質(zhì)
[中圖分類號] R521 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2017)09(b)-0109-04
Clinical study of Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17 immune response in patients with tuberculosis
CHENG Tao1 WU Weiling2 HUANG He3
1.Department of Infectious Disease, 458th Hospital of PLA, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510602, China; 2.Department of Respiratory Medicine, 458th Hospital of PLA, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510602, China; 3.Guangdong Academic Exchange Center of Medical Sciences Guangdong Medical Information Institute, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510180, China
[Abstract] Objective To study Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17 immune response in patients with tuberculosis. Methods Patients with recurrent tuberculosis and primary tuberculosis who received treatment in 458th Hospital of PLA during May 2013 to October 2016 were selected as recurrent tuberculosis group (n=38) and primary tuberculosis group (n=47) respectively; healthy volunteers who received physical examination during the same period were selected as control group (n=50). The contents of Th1, Th2, Treg and Th17 cells as well as corresponding cytokines in peripheral blood, and the contents of inflammatory mediators in serum were determined. Results Th1 and Th17 cell contents as well as IFN-γ contents inperipheral blood of recurrent tuberculosis group and primary tuberculosis group were significantly lower than those of control group while Th2 and Treg cell contents as well as IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β, HMGB1, sTREM1, MCP1 and HBD2 contents were significantly higher than those of control group(P < 0.05); Th1, Th17 cell contents as well as IFN-γ contents in peripheral blood of recurrent tuberculosis group were significantly lower than those of primary tuberculosis group while Th2, Treg cell contents as well as IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β, HMGB1, sTREM1, MCP1 and HBD2 contents were significantly higher than those of primary tuberculosis group(P < 0.05); HMGB1, sTREM1, MCP1 and HBD2 were negatively correlated with Th1 and Th17, positively correlated with Th2 and Treg (P < 0.05). Conclusion The change of tuberculosis is closely related to Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17 immune response imbalance.endprint
[Key words] Tuberculosis; Immune response; Helper T cell; Inflammatory mediator
肺結核是由結核分枝桿菌感染引起的呼吸道傳染性疾病,肺部感染結核分枝桿菌的數(shù)目和毒力是決定病情轉(zhuǎn)歸的關鍵因素。結核分枝桿菌侵入呼吸道并造成感染與抗結核免疫應答低下密切相關[1-5]。CD4+T淋巴細胞是介導抗結核免疫應答的關鍵細胞群,根據(jù)所分泌細胞因子不同可以進一步分為Th1、Th2、Treg、Th17等亞群。Th1與Th2、Th17與Treg在正常情況下處于動態(tài)平衡,有利于機體完成抗結核免疫應答[6];當Th1與Th2、Th17與Treg失衡時,會造成抗結核免疫應答異常并影響機體對結核分枝桿菌的清除[7-8]。本研究主要分析肺結核患者病情變化與Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17免疫應答的相關性。
1 對象與方法
1.1 研究對象
選擇2013年5月~2016年10月在解放軍第四五八醫(yī)院接受治療的肺結核患者,根據(jù)治療情況分為復治結核組和初治結核組。復治結核組患者既往有肺結核病史并接受正規(guī)抗結核治療,此次再次發(fā)生肺結核,共38例,包括男22例,女16例,年齡(42.62±7.51)歲;初治結核組為首次發(fā)生肺結核,共47例,包括男29例,女18例,年齡(43.11±7.82)歲。選擇同期體檢的健康志愿者為對照組,共50例,包括男32例,女18例,年齡(40.98±7.25)歲。所有受試者均取得知情同意且獲得醫(yī)院倫理委員會批準。三組受試者一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 臨床標本采集方法 復治結核組和初治結核組在抗結核治療前采集外周血標本6 mL,對照組在體檢時采集外周血標本6 mL。所得外周血標本分為兩份,一份離心分離血清并放置在-80℃保存;另一份加入淋巴細胞分離液并離心,吸取外周血單個核細胞并送檢流式細胞術。
1.2.2 流式細胞術檢測方法 取外周血單個核細胞,避光孵育CD4、CD25、Foxp3、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-17的熒光抗體,PBS緩沖液洗滌后加入破膜劑,避光孵育5 min后在流式細胞儀上檢測Th1(IFN-γ+CD4+T細胞)、Th2(IL-4+CD4+T細胞)、Th17(IL-17+CD4+T細胞)、Treg(CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T細胞)細胞的含量。實驗所用熒光抗體均購買于Santa Cruz公司。
1.2.3 酶聯(lián)免疫吸附檢測方法 取血清標本,采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試劑盒測定IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5、IL-10、IL-17、TGF-β、HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2的含量。實驗所用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試劑盒均購于上海酶聯(lián)生物科技有限公司。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學方法
采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進行分析和處理,計量資料以均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,采用方差分析,計數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗,相關性采用Pearson相關分析,以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 三組受試者外周血中Th1、Th2及相應細胞因子含量比較
復治結核組和初治結核組外周血中Th1及IFN-γ含量均顯著低于對照組,Th2及IL-4、IL-5含量均顯著高于對照組;復治結核組患者外周血中Th1及IFN-γ含量均顯著低于初治結核組,Th2及IL-4、IL-5含量均顯著高于初治結核組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 三組受試者外周血中Treg、Th17及相應細胞因子含量比較
復治結核組和初治結核組外周血中Th17均顯著低于對照組,Treg及IL-10、IL-17、TGF-β含量均顯著高于對照組;復治結核組外周血中Th17均顯著低于初治結核組,Treg細胞及IL-10、IL-17、TGF-β含量均顯著高于初治結核組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05)。見表2。
2.3 三組受試者血清中炎癥介質(zhì)含量比較
復治結核組和初治結核組血清中HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2含量均顯著高于對照組;復治結核組患者血清中HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2含量均顯著高于初治結核組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05)。見表3。
2.4 Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17免疫應答與炎癥介質(zhì)含量的相關性
Pearson檢驗顯示,Th1細胞含量與HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2的含量呈負相關,r值分別為-0.623、-0.612、-0.553、-0.651,P值分別為0.002、0.005、0.001、0.008;Th17細胞含量與HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2的含量呈負相關,r值分別為-0.578、-0.668、-0.514、-0.621,P值分別為0.006、0.008、0.004、0.002;Th2細胞含量與HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2的含量呈正相關,r值分別為0.703、0.672、0.598、0.625,P值分別為0.006、0.003、0.002、0.007;Treg細胞含量與HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2的含量呈正相關,r值分別為0.741、0.625、0.603、0.682,P值分別為0.003、0.001、0.000、0.020。
3 討論
免疫力低下是結核分枝桿菌感染的重要危險因素。CD4+T淋巴細胞是發(fā)揮抗結核免疫應答的關鍵細胞群,能夠進一步分化為Th1、Th2、Treg、Th17等亞群并發(fā)揮免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用。Th1和Th2是最早被發(fā)現(xiàn)的CD4+T細胞亞群,前者主要分泌IFN-γ、IL-2、TNF-α等細胞因子并參與細胞免疫應答的調(diào)控,后者主要分泌IL-4、IL-5等細胞因子并參與體液免疫應答的調(diào)控[9-10]。當結核分枝桿菌感染時,Th1/Th2的平衡向Th1漂移并通過Th1所介導的細胞免疫應答來清除病原菌[11-13]。我們通過分析不同病情肺結核患者體內(nèi)Th1/Th2免疫應答的狀況可知,初治和復治肺結核患者Th1細胞含量及IFN-γ細胞因子含量均顯著降低,Th2細胞及IL-4、IL-5細胞因子含量均顯著升高;并且復治結核組患者上述Th1/Th2的改變較初治肺結核患者更為顯著。這就說明Th1抑制、Th2增強不僅與肺結核的發(fā)生有關,還與肺結核治療后的復發(fā)存在密切相關。endprint
Th17和Treg是近年來受到越來越多關注的CD4+T細胞亞群。Th17所分泌的IL-17在抗病毒感染、抗細菌感染發(fā)面發(fā)揮重要作用[14-15]。在結核分枝桿菌感染的過程中,Th17有利于機體形成結核保護性免疫并加速結核菌的二次免疫應答,進而促進結核分枝桿菌的清除[16-17]。Treg是一類具有免疫抑制活性的CD4+T細胞,能夠抑制Th1、Th17所介導的抗結核免疫應答[18-20]。當Th17/Treg失衡時,機體的抗結核免疫應答會受到顯著影響。我們通過分析不同病情肺結核患者體內(nèi)Th17/Treg免疫應答的狀況可知,初治和復治肺結核患者Th17細胞含量及IL-17細胞因子含量均顯著降低,Treg細胞及IL-10、TGF-β細胞因子含量均顯著升高;并且復治結核組患者上述Th17/Treg的改變較初治肺結核患者更為顯著。這就說明Th17抑制、Treg增強與肺結核的發(fā)生及病情的發(fā)現(xiàn)存在密切相關。
結核分枝桿菌感染所引起的炎性反應顯著激活、炎癥介質(zhì)異常分泌是肺結核病情發(fā)展變化過程中重要的病理變化。HMGB1是一類晚期炎癥介質(zhì),具有極強的致炎活性,參與炎性反應的級聯(lián)激活[21];sTREM1是TREM1的可溶性形式,參與炎性反應的觸發(fā)[22];MCP-1是趨化因子CC家族的成員,能夠在結核桿菌感染局部招募單核巨噬細胞并促進局部炎性反應的激活[23];HBD2是人β-防御素家族的成員,能夠在結核桿菌感染局部發(fā)揮對病原菌的殺傷作用。我們通過分析肺結核患者血清中上述炎癥介質(zhì)的含量可知,初治和復治肺結核患者血清中HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2的含量均顯著升高且復治肺結核患者血清中上述炎癥介質(zhì)的含量顯著高于初治肺結核患者并且與Th1、Th17細胞含量呈負相關,與Th2、Treg細胞含量呈正相關。這就說明Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17免疫應答的改變與炎癥介質(zhì)的異常分泌有關,也進一步證實Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17免疫應答紊亂與肺結核的病情發(fā)展密切相關。
綜上所述,Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17免疫應答失衡與肺結核的發(fā)生及病情的發(fā)展變化密切相關;Th1、Th17抑制以及Th17、Treg增強會影響抗結核免疫應答,進而造成肺結核的發(fā)生及病情的發(fā)展。
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(收稿日期:2017-05-15 本文編輯:李亞聰)endprint