黨超志, 唐超燕
廣西玉林市第一人民醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科,廣西 玉林 537000
非肥胖2型糖尿病與非酒精性脂肪性肝病相關(guān)性的Meta分析
黨超志, 唐超燕
廣西玉林市第一人民醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科,廣西 玉林 537000
目的通過(guò)Meta分析評(píng)估非肥胖2型糖尿病與非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)相關(guān)性,旨在為非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD的相關(guān)性提供循證醫(yī)學(xué)依據(jù)。方法檢索Medline、PubMed、EMBASE、CBM、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)、萬(wàn)方、維普、學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議資料和學(xué)位論文等數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),全面收集關(guān)于非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD相關(guān)的隊(duì)列研究和病例對(duì)照文獻(xiàn),確定非肥胖2型糖尿病是否與NAFLD相關(guān)。應(yīng)用Stata 11.0軟件進(jìn)行Meta分析。結(jié)果共納入10項(xiàng)非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD相關(guān)研究。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD相關(guān)患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)具有重要關(guān)聯(lián)性,其中顯性固定效應(yīng)模型OR=1.653(95%CI:1.416~1.930);共顯性的固定效應(yīng)模型OR=1.525(95%CI:1.350~1.723)。結(jié)論通過(guò)Meta分析得出,非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD具有相關(guān)性。
2型糖尿?。环欠逝?;非酒精性脂肪性肝病;Meta分析
非肥胖2型糖尿病是多種原因引起的以高血糖代謝紊亂為特征的一類疾病。研究[1]表明,遺傳因素是T2DM、非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)的共同影響因素,因此,T2DM易感基因的研究也是糖尿病預(yù)防和治療及病因?qū)W的研究熱點(diǎn)。非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD相關(guān)性研究進(jìn)展一直很緩慢,其中NAFLD在增加風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性的研究中結(jié)論常常不一致[2]。NAFLD與非肥胖T2DM研究是近年來(lái)的研究熱點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域[3]。本文通過(guò)循證醫(yī)學(xué)的研究方法全面檢索Medline、PubMed、EMBASE、CBM、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)、萬(wàn)方、維普、學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議資料和學(xué)位論文等數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中有關(guān)非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD相關(guān)性的病例對(duì)照試驗(yàn)和隊(duì)列研究文獻(xiàn),對(duì)兩者之間的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行Meta分析研究,為探討非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD相關(guān)性提供臨床循證學(xué)依據(jù)。
1.1資料來(lái)源檢索Medline、PubMed、EMBASE、CBM、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)、萬(wàn)方、維普、學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議資料和學(xué)位論文等數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),全面收集2005年-2016年發(fā)表的有關(guān)非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD相關(guān)性的病例對(duì)照和隊(duì)列研究,檢索詞包括:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease、Non-obese、type 2 diabetes、T2DM、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、非肥胖、2型糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝。
1.2文獻(xiàn)納入及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4]:① T2DM、NAFLD的疾病診斷均符合中國(guó)非酒精性脂肪性肝病診療指南(2010年修訂版)、2014年世界胃腸病學(xué)組織(WGO)發(fā)布的非酒精性脂肪肝和非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的全球指南的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);② 納入的隊(duì)列研究和病例對(duì)照研究均為原始數(shù)據(jù),而不是引用文獻(xiàn);③ 所有數(shù)據(jù)都是相關(guān)基因型的完整數(shù)據(jù),可以提供進(jìn)一步統(tǒng)計(jì)計(jì)算;④ 單一數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自同一個(gè)種族、同一個(gè)時(shí)期;⑤ 患者進(jìn)行隨機(jī)選擇,對(duì)一般資料沒(méi)有嚴(yán)格的限制;⑥ 必須是研究年限內(nèi)的文獻(xiàn),且每篇文獻(xiàn)均有可提供的完整數(shù)據(jù),可算出OR值和95%CI,信息量充足。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):① 有合并其他系統(tǒng)疾病的T2DM、NAFLD研究數(shù)據(jù);② 隊(duì)列研究沒(méi)有提供詳細(xì)信息的病例研究;③ 同一數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源于不同種族人群及不同時(shí)期;④ 病例數(shù)據(jù)樣本量過(guò)少的隊(duì)列研究和對(duì)照研究。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析所有的數(shù)據(jù)均有2位樣本收集員進(jìn)行評(píng)估,如果兩個(gè)人不能達(dá)成共識(shí),需要第3位數(shù)據(jù)收集員進(jìn)行確認(rèn),Stata 11.0軟件作為本研究統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的主要軟件,分別對(duì)T2DM的基因型和等位基因進(jìn)行比較,統(tǒng)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以O(shè)R值表示,異質(zhì)性分析以O(shè)R值來(lái)進(jìn)行確定,異質(zhì)性的比較顯著性以P<0.1表示,隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型運(yùn)用D-L進(jìn)行合并統(tǒng)計(jì);異質(zhì)性不顯著以P>0.1表示,使用M-H固定效應(yīng)模型對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)合并,為定量分析不同研究間的異質(zhì)性,通過(guò)變異性的百分比I2計(jì)算,>75%為異質(zhì)性大,56%~75%為異質(zhì)性顯著,25%~56%為異質(zhì)性適中,<25%為異質(zhì)性低。
2.1納入文獻(xiàn)基本情況共有10項(xiàng)非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD研究符合納入該項(xiàng)研究的條件[5-14]。10項(xiàng)研究均為病例對(duì)照研究,文獻(xiàn)特征如表1所示。
表1 納入文獻(xiàn)基本資料
2.2Meta分析結(jié)果非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)具有相關(guān)性,隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型顯性(OR=1.384,95%CI:1.062~1.804),共顯性(OR=1.232,95%CI:1.002~1.515),隱性(OR=1.246,95%CI:0.912~1.703)。非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD固定效應(yīng)模型顯性(OR=1.653,95%CI:1.416~1.930)和共顯性(OR=1.525,95%CI:1.350~1.723)的敏感性分析如表2所示。
2.3通過(guò)森林圖分析非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD的關(guān)系采用D-L隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)合并,敏感性分析需排除不符合HWE遺傳平衡定律文獻(xiàn)[6-7,14](見(jiàn)圖1)。
表2 非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD之間的關(guān)系
注:顯性模式:TT+TCvsCC;隱性模型:TTvsTC+CC;共顯性模型:TvsC;FEM:固定效應(yīng)模型;隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型:REM。
圖1 非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD相關(guān)性分析森林圖Fig 1 Non-obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus and NAFLD analysis forest map
NAFLD是一種無(wú)過(guò)量飲酒史肝實(shí)質(zhì)細(xì)胞脂肪變性和脂肪貯積為特征的臨床病理綜合征。疾病譜隨病程的進(jìn)展表現(xiàn)不一,包括單純脂肪肝、脂肪性肝炎、脂肪性肝纖維化和肝硬化[15]。2型糖尿病在胰島素抵抗?fàn)顟B(tài)下可導(dǎo)致相關(guān)脂肪肝形成。
非肥胖糖尿病與NAFLD具有基因遺傳性,家族人員患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著增高,雖然糖尿病也與環(huán)境因素有關(guān),但是遺傳基因所占的因素不容忽視,已有研究[16]表明,遺傳因素在該病中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。因此,近年來(lái)大家把目光集中到了研究?jī)烧咧g的相關(guān)性。隨著分子生物學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷提高和廣泛應(yīng)用,很多學(xué)者都希望從遺傳學(xué)的角度闡明該疾病的發(fā)病機(jī)制,進(jìn)一步豐富該病的診療手段,達(dá)到預(yù)防和控制這一世界性難題的目的,若該病的研究能取得突破性進(jìn)展,將是人類未來(lái)的福音。
NAFLD在非肥胖2型糖尿病患者中的患病率達(dá)50%,肥胖2型糖尿病NAFLD的發(fā)生與胰島素抵抗密切相關(guān)。以胰島素抵抗和氧化應(yīng)激為主體的“二次打擊”學(xué)說(shuō)是目前解釋NAFLD發(fā)病機(jī)制的主要理論依據(jù)。
在多項(xiàng)前瞻性研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD具有相關(guān)性,主要的生理基礎(chǔ)是存在葡萄糖和精氨酸的分泌導(dǎo)致促胰島素分泌減退,胰島素分泌下降,正常人中空腹的胰島素及裂解的胰島素原之間的比值明顯下降。NAFLD患者暫時(shí)性的攜帶該基因也會(huì)導(dǎo)致胰島素分泌的降低,導(dǎo)致疾病的發(fā)生,從而增加糖尿病的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[17]。另外一項(xiàng)研究[18]發(fā)現(xiàn),通過(guò)對(duì)檢查空腹血糖、餐后2 h、餐后4 h血糖、糖化血紅蛋白異常的患者進(jìn)行分析發(fā)現(xiàn),非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD有著密切關(guān)系。但是非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD相關(guān)性及上述與代謝相關(guān)的作用機(jī)制尚未完全闡明。
近十年來(lái),隨著基因檢測(cè)技術(shù)的不斷完善及2型糖尿病關(guān)注的不斷提高,積累了很多臨床研究數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)其數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整理有助于更好地為非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD相關(guān)性提供循證學(xué)依據(jù)。非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD相關(guān)性已經(jīng)得到了廣泛證實(shí),本研究從一定程度上給非肥胖2型糖尿病與NAFLD相關(guān)性研究提供了有價(jià)值的參考依據(jù)。
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(責(zé)任編輯:王全楚)
Therelationshipbetweennon-obesitytype2diabetesmellitusandnon-alcoholicfattyliverdiseaseaMeta-analysis
DANG Chaozhi, TANG Chaoyan
Department of Endocrinology, Yulin First People’s Hospital, Yulin 537000, China
ObjectiveTo assess the association between non-obese type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by Meta-analysis, and to provide evidence-based evidence for the association between non-obese type 2 diabetes and NAFLD.MethodsThe data of cohort studies and case-control studies about the relationship between non-obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus and NAFLD by retrieving collected Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI, Wangfang data, VIP, academic conference materials and dissertations were searched. Stata 11.0 software was used to perform Meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 10 non-obesity type 2 diabetics associated with NAFLD. Meta-analysis showed that non-obesity type 2 diabetes was related with NAFLD included dominant fixed effect model (OR=1.653, 95%CI: 1.416-1.930); co-dominant fixed effect model (OR=1.525, 95%CI: 1.350-1.723).ConclusionNon-obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with NAFLD by Meta-analysis.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Non-obesity; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Meta-analysis
R575.5
A
1006-5709(2017)10-1128-04
2016-12-22
10.3969/j.issn.1006-5709.2017.10.015
黨超志,碩士,主治醫(yī)師,研究方向:內(nèi)分泌代謝性疾病的診治。E-mail:dangchaozhi222@163.com