孫國(guó)維
國(guó)慶前夕,中國(guó)國(guó)家博物館舉辦盛大展覽,向觀眾推出上世紀(jì)43位我國(guó)杰出的文學(xué)藝術(shù)巨匠。二樓4號(hào)展廳前面,陳列著巨幅齊白石《松鶴旭日?qǐng)D》和張大千《華山云海圖》以及魯迅的《自題小像》手稿,還有關(guān)山月的梅花圖《俏也不爭(zhēng)春》。參觀者摩肩接踵,絡(luò)繹不絕,徜徉在大師們遺留下的文化藝術(shù)精品之前,共享這百年難遇的文藝大餐。
在這之前,北京舉行了《百年巨匠》研討會(huì),文藝界的領(lǐng)軍人物悉數(shù)到會(huì)。大家一致認(rèn)為要通過《百年巨匠》百集大型系列人物傳記紀(jì)錄片的拍攝、宣傳、巡展來激勵(lì)后人,砥礪奮進(jìn)。
這次國(guó)博展示的43位文學(xué)藝術(shù)大師的作品是百集大型系列人物傳記紀(jì)錄片《百年巨匠》的階段性成果匯報(bào)。其背后凝聚了攝制團(tuán)隊(duì)多少辛酸和心血。他們奔波于全國(guó)和世界各地,采訪了大師們的親朋好友及相關(guān)人物,有的則完全依靠民間力量的推動(dòng)和投入。這些巨匠大都謝世,有的線索還不在國(guó)內(nèi),尋找起來十分困難。
《百年巨匠》展廳
總策劃和總制片人楊京島說:“我和《百年巨匠》的7位總導(dǎo)演都是上世紀(jì)60年代出生的人。我們這代人從困難時(shí)期過來,一路打拼,到現(xiàn)在各方面條件都改善了,就想為社會(huì)做點(diǎn)有意義的事情?!睘榱颂岣呶幕囆g(shù)素養(yǎng),他足足花了20年的光陰,通過各種鍛煉和學(xué)養(yǎng),與書畫巨匠結(jié)緣,來積累和沉淀。他以自己的真誠(chéng)和努力贏得了關(guān)山月、吳作人、吳冠中、黃胄、趙樸初、啟功等大師的友誼。為籌措資金,他下海經(jīng)商,辦起了廣告公司。他幫助國(guó)內(nèi)知名書畫家舉辦了幾十場(chǎng)筆會(huì)和畫展,并為他們出版了上百種畫冊(cè)和圖書。進(jìn)而積累了可貴的人脈資源和商業(yè)渠道。他還不遠(yuǎn)萬(wàn)里只身前往美國(guó)舊金山,尋探張大千的兒子張保羅,從這位老者嘴里掏出了珍貴的“活檔案”。張大千雖然子女眾多,但常在身邊的只有張保羅,張保羅在日常的隨侍中耳濡目染,對(duì)父親的創(chuàng)作生活和藝術(shù)作品十分熟悉。楊京島以三顧茅廬的真誠(chéng)和苦口婆心,終于打動(dòng)了隱居在美國(guó)加州卡梅爾小鎮(zhèn)別墅“可以居”的主人??芍^一番苦心?!翱梢跃印本褪钱?dāng)年張大千與攝影家郎靜山一起選定的“世外桃源”,產(chǎn)生過不少大師的浪漫傳奇。楊京島在臺(tái)北采訪孫傳芳的兒子孫家勤。孫家勤是張大千的學(xué)生,曾跟老師在巴西共同生活了幾年。片子尚未出來,孫家勤就心梗去世了。另一位大千弟子晏濟(jì)元也是在采訪過程中不幸去世。類似這樣的情況還有不少,例如梅葆玖、蘇民、鄒佩珠和廖靜文等。
要實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族的偉大復(fù)興,必須有偉大的文藝復(fù)興作為支撐,而文藝復(fù)興大軍又必須要有一大批文藝的領(lǐng)軍人物來引領(lǐng)。在“長(zhǎng)夜難明赤縣天”的黑暗歲月里,除了像孫中山和毛澤東那樣一大批革命志士拋頭顱灑熱血,前仆后繼,英勇奮斗,開創(chuàng)建國(guó)大業(yè)之外,另有一批文藝巨匠為中華民族的文藝復(fù)興貢獻(xiàn)了智慧和力量。《百年巨匠》聚焦20世紀(jì)中國(guó)文藝領(lǐng)域畫壇巨匠、藝苑大師、文壇泰斗和樂壇精英,他們用自己的精彩人生和非凡創(chuàng)造為中國(guó)近現(xiàn)代文化藝術(shù)史書寫了不朽的瑰麗篇章。他們中的許多人都有著胸懷天下的大志向、大抱負(fù),有著報(bào)效祖國(guó)的情懷和強(qiáng)烈的民族責(zé)任感,自覺地將個(gè)人的榮辱興衰與民族命運(yùn)聯(lián)系起來,用文化藝術(shù)升華生活、改造世界、呈現(xiàn)美好、實(shí)現(xiàn)理想。為還原巨匠本色,重塑大師形象,《百年巨匠》百集鴻制巨片以紀(jì)錄片的形式,分作《美術(shù)篇》、《京劇篇》、《書法篇》、《話劇篇》、《文學(xué)篇》和《音樂篇》6個(gè)部分。
20世紀(jì)初,中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)受到西方文化前所未有的沖擊,同時(shí)它自身也面臨著巨大的危機(jī)。于是,大批致力于用藝術(shù)救國(guó)、救亡、改良社會(huì)前途的美術(shù)先驅(qū)便應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。其中有繼承中華民族優(yōu)秀文化傳統(tǒng)、承前啟后的國(guó)畫大師,如齊白石、黃賓虹和張大千等。有深受西方繪畫觀念影響、用西方繪畫藝術(shù)改良中國(guó)畫的,如徐悲鴻、林風(fēng)眠和劉海粟。也有為新中國(guó)美術(shù)事業(yè)作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)的代表人物,如吳作人、傅抱石、李苦禪、潘天壽和關(guān)山月等。當(dāng)然,像石魯、蔣兆和、黃胄和吳冠中這些大家,在中國(guó)畫壇也是不可忘懷的。
百年巨匠群像。
京劇藝術(shù)是中國(guó)的國(guó)粹,自徽班進(jìn)京以來,京劇不僅在北京有了不可取代的地位,并在全國(guó)各地都廣為流傳。在蕓蕓眾生之中,以梅蘭芳為首的四大名旦——梅蘭芳、程硯秋、尚小云和荀慧生在戲劇百花園中可謂獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷、藝壓群芳。
《書法篇》則追憶了于右任、沈尹默、林敬之、沙孟海、趙樸初和啟功6位書法大家。
《話劇篇》拍攝了歐陽(yáng)予倩、田漢、焦菊隱和金山四大名家。
《文學(xué)篇》里收錄了魯迅、郭沫若、茅盾、巴金、老舍和曹禺。凡是讀過書的人就會(huì)在小學(xué)課本中讀過“魯郭茅巴老曹”的作品,他們的音容笑貌耳熟能詳。
《音樂篇》里攝錄的是劉天華、聶耳、黃自、冼星海、蕭友梅和賀綠汀。20世紀(jì)中國(guó)經(jīng)歷了辛亥革命、抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、新中國(guó)成立等重要?dú)v史階段,可謂是天翻地覆慨而慷的時(shí)代,也正是這些偉大音樂天才大有作為的時(shí)代。他們的音樂作品催人覺醒、催人奮起,鼓舞千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)的民眾冒著敵人的炮火前進(jìn)。
《百年巨匠》這項(xiàng)浩繁的世紀(jì)工程,前后策劃20年,花8年時(shí)間拍攝,終于在國(guó)慶前夕大功告成。在《百年巨匠》里顯現(xiàn)的這些巨匠是中華民族文化血脈的傳承人。今天我們傳播巨匠,就是為了講述百年藝術(shù)中國(guó),讓優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化大放光彩。今天我們重塑百年巨匠,就是要向巨匠致敬,宣傳巨匠精神,把他們的傳統(tǒng)精神繼承下去,發(fā)揚(yáng)光大。
前不久,《百年巨匠》國(guó)際宣傳片啟動(dòng)儀式在北京釣魚臺(tái)國(guó)賓館舉行。全國(guó)政協(xié)外事委員會(huì)副主任、國(guó)家藝術(shù)基金理事會(huì)理事長(zhǎng)、《百年巨匠》總顧問蔡武;全國(guó)政協(xié)教科文衛(wèi)體委員會(huì)副主任、中國(guó)文學(xué)藝術(shù)基金會(huì)理事長(zhǎng)、《百年巨匠》總顧問胡振民和《百年巨匠》出品人、總策劃楊京島,向張藝謀頒發(fā)了《百年巨匠》國(guó)際宣傳片總導(dǎo)演的聘書。與此同時(shí),還向諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主莫言頒發(fā)了總撰稿的聘書?!栋倌昃藿场肥侵行亢蛧?guó)務(wù)院新聞辦組織的“記錄中國(guó)”傳播工程項(xiàng)目。國(guó)際版將以英語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)、阿拉伯語(yǔ)、俄語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)等8種語(yǔ)言出版發(fā)行。
百年的歷史孕育了燦若星辰的文藝巨匠,時(shí)代的風(fēng)帆引領(lǐng)著民族復(fù)興的偉大夢(mèng)想?!栋倌昃藿场肥且淮问窡o前例的文獻(xiàn)記錄,更是一部大氣磅礴的文藝史詩(shī)。它以文化為媒介,通過親民易懂的語(yǔ)言、傳世珍貴的音影資料,由健在老藝術(shù)家們的傾情講述、向全世界介紹中國(guó)20世紀(jì)文化藝術(shù)成就。
中國(guó)國(guó)家博物館館長(zhǎng)呂章申為《書法篇》講述。
《百年巨匠》國(guó)際版將努力把握好中國(guó)與世界的文化交匯點(diǎn);把握好國(guó)際輿論的聚焦點(diǎn);把握好中國(guó)人民與世界人民的情感共鳴點(diǎn),向人類命運(yùn)共同體的兄弟人民講好中國(guó)故事。讓中國(guó)文化走向世界,讓世界人民了解在新的一百年里,中國(guó)人民在文化藝術(shù)領(lǐng)域?qū)?huì)有更大的攀登和超越。
Exhibition and Documentary Series Sing of Grand Masters
By Sun Guowei, our special reporter in Beijing
Before the National Day, China National Museum launched an exhibition featuring the 43 grand masters of the 20th-century China in the fields of art, music, literature, calligraphy, Peking Opera, and modern drama. The opening ceremony attracted a large crowd of visitors.
These masters emerged when China tried heroically to fight for its survival and renaissance in the entire 20th century. In the early 20th century, the feudal Qing Dynasty crashed out and the country began to modernize in face of wars and tumult. Meanwhile, western ideas flooded in, shaking the cultural and ideological foundation of the ancient middle kingdom. These masters absorbed the influence from the outside world and carried on the tradition. Their works have helped shape the modernization drive still going on today.
The exhibition is a brief representation of a 100-episode television documentary titled “Century Masters”.
Yang Jingdao, producer of the documentary, said it had taken him twenty years to prepare mentally and artistically for the series of grand masters. Over years, he made friends with artists, and started an advertising firm to accumulate funds for the documentary project. He has helped painters and calligraphers set up solo exhibitions and workshops, and has helped published over 100 collections of artworks and books. All these activities helped him make a large network of people and business channels. To make this film, Yang visited masters and their relatives, descendents and students of masters if masters had passed away. Some masters and relatives died while the documentary was still in the making.
Artists account the biggest share of the documentary series. Some artists were quite active in the first half of the 20th century, such as Qi Baishi, Huang Binhong, Zhang Daqian. They contributed a great deal to carrying on the tradition of Chinese painting. On the other hand, Xu Beihong, Lin Fengmian and Liu Haisu introduced western elements into the traditional Chinese painting and helped broaden the horizon and blaze new trails for young artists. Wu Zuoren, Fu Baoshi, Li Kuchan, Pan Tianshou, Guan Shanyue, Shi Lu, Jiang Zhaohe, Huang Zou, and Wu Guanzhong were quite active in the second half of the 20th century. They made outstanding contribution to the development of art.endprint
Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Shang Xiaoyun, and Xun Huisheng, four masters of Peking Opera, are featured in the documentary and at the exhibition. The fact that Peking Opera is singled out for honorable mentioning in the documentary and the exhibition bespeaks the unique role the opera has played in Chinas opera scene.
Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Ba Jin, Lao She and Cao Yu, six literary giants of the first half of the 20th century, are featured in the documentary and at the exhibition, although many new writers of national and international renown emerged in the last few decades of the 20th-century China.
In the field of music, six composers and musicians are featured. They represent the best songs China sang during the war years of the country. They are Liu Tianhua, Nie Er, Huang Zi, Xian Xinghai, Xiao Youmei, and He Lyuding. The 20th-century China witnessed huge historical events such as 1911 Revolution, the resistance war against Japanese aggression, and the founding of the Peoples Republic. The music they created roused the people to fight for the future of the ancient country and many of their creations are the classics of the nations music repertoire.
It took eight years to make the documentary series and it was finished just before the National Day this year.
An international promotional film will be made for the documentary. Zhang Yimou, probably the best known Chinese director, is appointed director of the film and Nobel-Prize novelist Mo Yan is appointed as chief script writer. The promotion film will be dubbed in eight foreign languages and distributed across the world.endprint