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《梅骨芳華》:再現(xiàn)梅蘭芳燦爛一生

2017-11-06 02:14葉艷莉
文化交流 2017年11期
關(guān)鍵詞:集郵明信片梅蘭芳

葉艷莉

近日,友人贈(zèng)我《梅骨芳華——梅蘭芳極限片集》(以下簡稱《梅骨芳華》)一書,適逢梅先生逝世56周年之際。

1961年8月8日凌晨4時(shí)45分,中國著名京劇表演藝術(shù)大師梅蘭芳因病在北京逝世,享年67歲。眼前的這本書,用特殊的藝術(shù)形式,記錄了梅蘭芳先生梅骨芳華的一生,它如炎炎夏日里的一泓清泉,讓人心舒神暢。

這本書由浙江省集郵協(xié)會(huì)常務(wù)理事、臺(tái)州市集郵協(xié)會(huì)副會(huì)長谷糧先生編著,臺(tái)州學(xué)院王欣先生作文字撰寫及相關(guān)史料的考證,2016年3月由浙江人民美術(shù)出版社出版。

《梅骨芳華》封面。青年時(shí)期的梅蘭芳,這是193【1年美國發(fā)行的明信片。

集郵和傳記有機(jī)結(jié)合

《梅骨芳華》將集郵文化和傳記文學(xué)有機(jī)結(jié)合,在中國出版史上尚屬首次。梅蘭芳先生之子、著名京劇表演藝術(shù)家梅葆玖先生特為此書撰寫了序言。在序言中,梅葆玖動(dòng)情地追憶:“自1962年8月8日我國發(fā)行紀(jì)念京劇藝術(shù)大師梅蘭芳逝世一周年的郵票以來,小小的郵票就成了紀(jì)念梅蘭芳先生的一種別具一格的形式。方寸之間,父親風(fēng)采依舊,足以承載久遠(yuǎn)”,并對(duì)此書作出了高度評(píng)價(jià):“這本《梅骨芳華——梅蘭芳極限片集》的出版,是這些年來發(fā)行的梅蘭芳紀(jì)念郵票與明信片的一次綜合展現(xiàn)。這本書將精美郵票、珍貴明信片和紀(jì)念郵戳三者合而為一,以珍貴的梅蘭芳專題極限片,較為全面地展現(xiàn)了父親的人生軌跡、舞臺(tái)生涯、經(jīng)典劇目、梅派風(fēng)韻和國際影響,呈現(xiàn)出他光輝燦爛的一生,再現(xiàn)了藝術(shù)大師的風(fēng)采,是一部將集郵藝術(shù)與京劇大師輝煌人生融為一體的作品?!毙蜓詫懹?016年3月19日,不過月余,至4月25日,梅葆玖先生就與世長辭了,序言就成了先生生前最后一篇公開發(fā)表的文章。

本書編著者谷糧,本名張國良,筆名谷糧為本名的諧音。張國良先生從小喜愛集郵,對(duì)極限集郵更是情有獨(dú)鐘,對(duì)戲劇大師梅蘭芳的藝術(shù)風(fēng)采亦是傾慕不已。他用近40年時(shí)間,在國內(nèi)外搜集以梅蘭芳為主題的郵品。他編組的郵集《梅蘭芳》榮獲2009年全國郵展金獎(jiǎng)(重慶展區(qū))。

張國良先生為本書的極限明信片付出了極大的心血,誠如中華全國集郵聯(lián)合會(huì)副會(huì)長劉佳維先生所言:“本書中的明信片最早有民國時(shí)期的,最遲也是上世紀(jì)60年代的,而且還有早期日本等國外發(fā)行的明信片;所貼郵票最多的是1962年我國發(fā)行的‘紀(jì)94梅蘭芳舞臺(tái)藝術(shù)郵票,其中還選貼小型張《貴妃醉酒》6枚,《霸王別姬》(帶廠銘)、《天女散花》等多枚無齒票和部分外國郵票;而所蓋郵戳多選用梅蘭芳出生地北京、祖籍江蘇泰州的郵政日戳,還有部分外國郵戳。這種收集、整理、研究是有深度和難度的,由此可見作者的良苦用心?!睍杏行O限片所呈現(xiàn)的梅蘭芳形象十分罕見,甚至梅蘭芳紀(jì)念館都沒有。

全面呈現(xiàn)梅先生之美

《梅骨芳華》共四個(gè)章節(jié),分別為:梅風(fēng)彈弦、華之瑰寶、蘭韻擊節(jié)、芳音繚繞。

梅風(fēng)彈弦主要呈現(xiàn)梅蘭芳的人生軌跡,對(duì)梅蘭芳的家世背景、從藝經(jīng)歷、藝術(shù)成就、親朋好友、家庭成員、得意門生等都一一做了勾勒。梅蘭芳與友人之間的藝術(shù)佳話,尤其讓人印象深刻。“民初梅畹華方露頭角,實(shí)力捧場集團(tuán),有梅黨之稱,若馮幼偉、李釋戡、黃秋岳、齊如山諸先生,皆為主力分子,聊公張先生亦其中健將也,或謂梅之成功,實(shí)梅黨同仁之功,當(dāng)無疑問?!薄榜T幼偉是扶植梅蘭芳藝術(shù)的核心人物,而齊如山、李釋戡則從編劇到藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作都發(fā)揮了重要作用?!彼麄兣c梅蘭芳相知相惜相扶,幫助梅蘭芳成長為一代宗師,讓人感懷。

華之瑰寶主要介紹了20出梅蘭芳代表性的表演劇目?!敖裉炷軌蚪y(tǒng)計(jì)的梅蘭芳公開演出劇目有一百六七十出,其中既有傳統(tǒng)正工青衣戲、昆曲,也有古裝新戲、時(shí)裝新戲、反串戲等”,其中“最具有代表性的幾部戲,以《宇宙鋒》《貴妃醉酒》《霸王別姬》《生死恨》《游園驚夢》為核心,觀眾習(xí)慣稱之為‘梅八出,但并不一定正好八出,這一類代表劇目還包括《鳳還巢》《抗金兵》《奇雙會(huì)》《洛神》《天女散花》《穆桂英掛帥》等?!北緯鴮?duì)這些代表作品進(jìn)行了栩栩如生的描述。

蘭韻擊節(jié)則表現(xiàn)梅蘭芳的精湛技藝及豐富革新,無論長綢舞、劍舞、扇舞等的舞蹈創(chuàng)設(shè),還是唱功、念白、身段、位置、神情等的變化革新,亦或音樂演奏及曲調(diào)的衍展豐富等,無不娓娓道來,讓人如入山陰道上,美不勝收。

? ? 從左到右:梅蘭芳(左)與李釋戡合影;梅蘭芳(右)與齊如山合影。

芳音繚繞則從梅蘭芳的國際影響及戲曲電影的拍攝等入手,展示其在推廣京劇藝術(shù)上的杰出貢獻(xiàn)。梅蘭芳通過到日本、美國、前蘇聯(lián)的訪問演出,逐漸把京劇藝術(shù)推向世界舞臺(tái)。他與卓別林、泰戈?duì)?、斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基等國際大師的交往與友誼,亦成為文化交流史上的一段段佳話。早在1920年,他就從拍攝無聲片《天女散花》和《春香鬧學(xué)》開始接觸電影。1948年,他又主演了中國第一部彩色有聲影片《生死恨》。此后,他又在戲曲電影上不斷實(shí)踐,留下了一部部佳作。梅蘭芳一直重視利用電影傳播戲曲藝術(shù),他跨藝術(shù)種類的探索、借鑒、融合以及梅派藝術(shù)隨時(shí)代前進(jìn)的革新精神,令人欽佩。

梅蘭芳先生是“美的創(chuàng)造者”,被譽(yù)為“美的化身”?!睹饭欠既A——梅蘭芳極限片集》一書也力求精美,以最大限度地呈現(xiàn)梅先生之美。此書為全彩色銅版紙印刷,20開本,近200頁,排版精良,并贈(zèng)被譽(yù)為“千古絕照”的梅蘭芳《生死恨》劇照明信片一枚,出版的成本非常高。但編著者張國良不惜財(cái)力,他說,這本書于他不是作品也不是商品,而是一份禮物,一份資深“梅派粉絲”、集郵愛好者獻(xiàn)給梅派藝術(shù)兩代大師的禮物。endprint

從左到右:1917年《天女散花》劇照;1929年日本發(fā)行的《黛玉葬花》明信片;1929年日本發(fā)行的《穆柯寨》明信片。

美哉,梅骨芳華!美哉,《梅骨芳華》!愿美永遠(yuǎn)為人珍惜追求,愿美永駐人間!

A Philatelic Biography of Mei Lanfang

By Ye Yanli

A new book dedicated to Mei Lanfang (1894-1961), one of the most famous Peking opera artists in modern Chinese theater, was released by Zhejiang Peoples Fine Arts Publishing House in March of 2016. The Peking opera master died in Beijing in 1961, at the age of only 67.

The book is the first one in the publishing history of China to combine philately with biography. The prologue was contributed by Mei Baojiu, the son of Mei Lanfang. He passed away only a month after writing the preface.

Zhang Guoliang, the compiler of the book, is an avid philatelist and a huge fan of Man Lanfang. He is also a member of Zhejiang Philately Association and Vice Chair of Taizhou Philately Society. HisMei Lanfang-themed stamp and postcard collection took about four decades unfailing endeavor, and won a Gold Award from the 2009 China Philatelic Exhibition held in Chongqing. The postcards include out-of-print creations from the Republican Period of China and Japan. The stamps include a set issued in 1962 in commemoration of the virtuoso Peking Opera artistry of Mei Lanfang, and a rare collection of imperforated pieces and stamps issued in other countries to pay tribute to the great ‘cultural ambassador.

Many items in the collection presented in the book are not included by the Mei Lanfang Memorial Museum in Beijing.

The 200-page book is composed of four chapters that cover the artists personal life, his representative repertoire and unrivalled artistry and innovation, and great accomplishments in spreading Beijing Opera to foreign countries. The book devotes many pages in the first chapter to Meis lifelong friendship with all the key figures - such as Feng Youwei, Huang Qiuyue and Qirushan - the performing master worked closely with throughout his life.

For Mr. Zhang Guoliang, the book is a long-cherished wish coming to life, and a special gift he crafted on behalf of all the hard-core fans of Mei Lanfang.

Mei Lanfang was exclusively known for his female lead roles (dan) and particularly his “verdant-robed girls” (qingyi), young or middle-aged women of grace and refinement. He was considered one of the “Four Great Dans”, along with Shang Xiaoyun, Cheng Yanqiu, and Xun Huisheng.endprint

Mei was the first artist to spread Beijing Opera to foreign countries, participating in cultural exchanges with Japan, the United States, the Soviet Union and other regions. He toured the world, forming friendships with the western contemporaries of his day, including Charlie Chaplin, Rabindranath

Tagore, and Konstantin Stanislavski. In 1930 he toured North America, visiting Hollywood, where he was welcomed by Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford.

In 1935, Mei Lanfang toured Europe, playing to appreciative audiences in Berlin and Moscow. Seeing Mei perform especially impressed the German playwright Bertold Brecht and influenced his concept of the alienation effect.

Mei Lanfang also contributed his artistry to Chinas cinematic art, actively taking part in the production of several silent films in as early as 1920 and playing the leading role in the countrys first color film in 1948. He was also a great innovator in spreading the art of Peking Opera on the big screen. Throughout his life, he never fell behind the times.

In his 50-year stage career, he maintained strong continuity while always working on new techniques. The artists determination in breaking the norms constitutes a significant part in his charisma both as a performing art master and as a person.endprint

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