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脊柱側(cè)彎合并椎管內(nèi)病變的一期手術(shù)治療

2017-11-30 06:14王凱吳浩菅鳳增
關(guān)鍵詞:矯形椎管骨盆

王凱 吳浩 菅鳳增

·臨床研究·

脊柱側(cè)彎合并椎管內(nèi)病變的一期手術(shù)治療

王凱 吳浩 菅鳳增

目的探討一期手術(shù)治療脊柱側(cè)彎合并椎管內(nèi)病變的有效性和安全性。方法與結(jié)果共6例脊柱側(cè)彎合并椎管內(nèi)病變患者均完成一期手術(shù)治療,手術(shù)成功率為100%。手術(shù)時(shí)間(470.83±136.20)min,術(shù)中出血量1350(625,2150)ml,融合椎體節(jié)段(11.00±2.76)個(gè);術(shù)后冠狀位側(cè)凸角度(19.60±5.94)°,矢狀位后凸角度(25.80±10.87)°,均較術(shù)前改善(P=0.007,0.005);脊髓拴系行脊髓拴系松解術(shù),表皮樣囊腫、節(jié)細(xì)胞膠質(zhì)瘤和椎管內(nèi)脂肪瘤行椎管內(nèi)病變切除術(shù),脊髓空洞癥不予特殊處理;無(wú)神經(jīng)功能缺損惡化;術(shù)后下肢肌力增高,肌張力降低;排尿障礙改善。術(shù)后住院(8.83±3.31)d,無(wú)一例出現(xiàn)感染、腦脊液漏、脊柱內(nèi)固定失敗、椎弓根螺釘和鈦棒斷釘斷棒等手術(shù)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥,無(wú)一例死亡。術(shù)后隨訪(7.50±1.22)個(gè)月,均無(wú)神經(jīng)功能缺損惡化、遲發(fā)性感染和假關(guān)節(jié)形成,均未出現(xiàn)矯形丟失。結(jié)論一期手術(shù)可以安全、有效地治療脊柱側(cè)彎合并椎管內(nèi)病變,術(shù)后神經(jīng)功能改善,通過(guò)截骨可以獲得良好的矯形效果。

脊柱側(cè)凸; 脊髓疾??; 神經(jīng)外科手術(shù)

研究顯示,有20%~58%的先天性脊柱側(cè)彎可以合并椎管內(nèi)病變[1],椎管內(nèi)病變也可以引起神經(jīng)功能障礙和軀干肌肉力量分布不對(duì)稱,導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)肌肉型脊柱側(cè)彎[2]。椎管內(nèi)病變導(dǎo)致的神經(jīng)功能障礙可以使脊柱側(cè)彎持續(xù)進(jìn)展,進(jìn)一步加重神經(jīng)功能障礙。對(duì)于此類患者,既要處理椎管內(nèi)病變,又要進(jìn)行脊柱矯形術(shù)。經(jīng)典手術(shù)策略分為兩期手術(shù),一期先處理椎管內(nèi)病變,3~6個(gè)月后再行二期脊柱矯形術(shù)[3?5]。采用一期手術(shù)治療脊柱側(cè)彎合并椎管內(nèi)病變的國(guó)外報(bào)道尚不多見(jiàn)[1,6?7],國(guó)內(nèi)亦未檢索到相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)。2016年10月-2017年1月首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)宣武醫(yī)院神經(jīng)外科采用一期手術(shù)治療6例脊柱側(cè)彎合并椎管內(nèi)病變患者,效果滿意,現(xiàn)總結(jié)報(bào)告如下。

對(duì)象與方法

一、研究對(duì)象

6例采用一期手術(shù)治療的脊柱側(cè)彎合并椎管內(nèi)病變患者,男性5例,女性1例;年齡14~40歲,平均(21.50±10.37)歲;脊柱側(cè)彎均進(jìn)行性加重,其中,先天性脊柱側(cè)彎3例,包括楔形椎1例、楔形椎合并分節(jié)不良1例、半椎體合并分節(jié)不良1例,神經(jīng)肌肉型脊柱側(cè)彎3例;脊椎MRI顯示,脊柱側(cè)彎合并脊髓拴系4例、脊髓空洞癥(SM)4例、表皮樣囊腫1例、節(jié)細(xì)胞膠質(zhì)瘤(GG)1例、椎管內(nèi)脂肪瘤1例,冠狀位側(cè)凸角度38°~74°、平均(59.40±14.31)°,矢狀位后凸角度44°~ 90°、平均(62.40± 21.04)°;Risser征2級(jí)者1例,3級(jí)2例,5級(jí)3例;6例上肢肌力和肌張力均正常,6例下肢肌力降低,包括0級(jí)3例、2級(jí)1例、3級(jí)2例,4例下肢肌張力增高;均有排尿障礙。本研究經(jīng)首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)宣武醫(yī)院道德倫理委員會(huì)審批,患者或其家屬均知情同意并簽署知情同意書。

二、研究方法

1.術(shù)前準(zhǔn)備 詳細(xì)記錄患者性別、年齡和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀。所有患者均于術(shù)前行正側(cè)位站立位脊柱X線、脊柱CT和三維重建、脊柱MRI檢查以評(píng)價(jià)脊柱畸形和椎管內(nèi)病變;均行泌尿系統(tǒng)超聲檢查以評(píng)價(jià)泌尿系統(tǒng)是否存在畸形;均行心電圖和心臟彩色超聲檢查以評(píng)價(jià)心臟功能;均行肺功能測(cè)定以評(píng)價(jià)是否合并嚴(yán)重通氣障礙。

2.手術(shù)方法 術(shù)前根據(jù)脊柱影像學(xué)檢查定位手術(shù)融合節(jié)段和截骨節(jié)段。患者俯臥位,氣管插管全身麻醉,顯露手術(shù)椎體節(jié)段、棘突和椎板,若存在脊柱畸形、融合或發(fā)育不良,仔細(xì)辨認(rèn),操作時(shí)應(yīng)謹(jǐn)慎以避免手術(shù)器械深入椎管內(nèi)而損傷脊髓,尤其是棘突和椎板部分缺失患者。根據(jù)術(shù)中X線定位手術(shù)椎體節(jié)段無(wú)誤后,植入椎弓根螺釘,再行X線檢查以確認(rèn)椎弓根螺釘位置。由于脊髓貼近側(cè)彎凹側(cè)椎管,因此,側(cè)彎凹側(cè)植入椎弓根螺釘時(shí)應(yīng)謹(jǐn)慎以避免椎弓根螺釘進(jìn)入椎管內(nèi)而損傷脊髓。于手術(shù)顯微鏡下先處理椎管內(nèi)病變,脊髓拴系患者行脊髓拴系松解術(shù),表皮樣囊腫、節(jié)細(xì)胞膠質(zhì)瘤和椎管內(nèi)脂肪瘤患者行椎管內(nèi)病變切除術(shù),脊髓空洞癥患者不予特殊處理。降低脊髓張力后,根據(jù)脊柱畸形情況于手術(shù)顯微鏡下行后路截骨矯形術(shù),通常于脊柱側(cè)彎或后凸頂點(diǎn)以及椎體上下節(jié)段進(jìn)行Schwab分級(jí)2級(jí)截骨,對(duì)于先天性脊柱側(cè)彎或嚴(yán)重后凸患者,根據(jù)椎體異常類型或矯形要求進(jìn)行Schwab分級(jí)3或4級(jí)截骨;完成截骨后,先根據(jù)矯形要求預(yù)彎鈦棒,再植入預(yù)彎的鈦棒,根據(jù)脊柱側(cè)彎和后凸情況進(jìn)行加壓撐開(kāi),注意彎棒時(shí)兼顧脊柱矢狀位序列。最后行自體骨異體骨混合植骨融合術(shù),自體骨源自棘突或截骨時(shí)切除的骨質(zhì),制備骨顆粒,植入椎板和釘棒周圍。所有患者均行術(shù)中神經(jīng)電生理學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè),包括體感誘發(fā)電位(SEP)、運(yùn)動(dòng)誘發(fā)電位(MEP)和肛門括約肌監(jiān)測(cè)。術(shù)后引流量<20 ml/d即可拔除引流管,拔除引流管后可佩戴支具下床活動(dòng),術(shù)后3個(gè)月內(nèi)均需佩戴支具下床活動(dòng)。

3.手術(shù)療效和安全性評(píng)價(jià) (1)手術(shù)療效:記錄手術(shù)成功率、手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、融合椎體節(jié)段、冠狀位側(cè)凸和矢狀位后凸角度、椎管內(nèi)病變處理、神經(jīng)功能、四肢肌力和肌張力等。(2)安全性:術(shù)后記錄感染、腦脊液漏、脊柱內(nèi)固定失敗、椎弓根螺釘和鈦棒斷釘斷棒等手術(shù)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥,隨訪期間記錄神經(jīng)功能缺損、遲發(fā)性感染和假關(guān)節(jié)形成等手術(shù)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥。

三、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法

采用SPSS 23.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理與分析。呈正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn);呈非正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以中位數(shù)和四分位數(shù)間距[M(P25,P75)]表示。以P≤0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

結(jié) 果

6例患者均完成一期手術(shù)治療脊柱側(cè)彎合并椎管內(nèi)病變,手術(shù)成功率為100%。手術(shù)時(shí)間241~631 min,平均(470.83±136.20)min;術(shù)中出血量400 ~ 2600 ml,中位值1350(625,2150)ml;手術(shù)融合椎體節(jié)段7~13個(gè),平均(11.00±2.76)個(gè);術(shù)后冠狀位側(cè)凸角度12°~26°、平均(19.60±5.94)°,較術(shù)前改善(P=0.007,表1);術(shù)后矢狀位后凸角度10°~40°,平均(25.80±10.87)°,較術(shù)前改善(P=0.005,表1);脊髓拴系行脊髓拴系松解術(shù),表皮樣囊腫、節(jié)細(xì)胞膠質(zhì)瘤和椎管內(nèi)脂肪瘤行椎管內(nèi)病變切除術(shù),脊髓空洞癥不予特殊處理(圖1)。其中3例術(shù)后部分融合腰彎,為26°、28°和15°,較術(shù)前改善(58°、55°和38°),1例完全融合腰彎(術(shù)前19°、術(shù)后9°),1例脊柱后凸和1例胸腰彎無(wú)需融合;6例均無(wú)神經(jīng)功能缺損惡化;術(shù)后下肢肌力3級(jí)2例、4級(jí)2例、5級(jí)2例,較術(shù)前增高(包括0級(jí)3例、2級(jí)1例、3級(jí)2例),4例肌張力降低;術(shù)后5例排尿障礙改善,1例經(jīng)康復(fù)治療后改善,但仍需間斷性導(dǎo)尿。術(shù)后住院6~14 d、平均(8.83±3.31)d,無(wú)一例出現(xiàn)感染、腦脊液漏、脊柱內(nèi)固定失敗、椎弓根螺釘和鈦棒斷釘斷棒等手術(shù)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥,無(wú)一例死亡。術(shù)后隨訪6~9個(gè)月、平均(7.50±1.22)個(gè)月,均無(wú)神經(jīng)功能缺損惡化、遲發(fā)性感染和假關(guān)節(jié)形成,未出現(xiàn)矯形丟失。

表1 脊柱側(cè)彎合并椎管內(nèi)病變患者手術(shù)前后脊柱側(cè)彎和后凸角度的比較(±s,°)Table 1. Improvement of Cobb angle of scoliosis and kyphosis after operation(±s,°)

表1 脊柱側(cè)彎合并椎管內(nèi)病變患者手術(shù)前后脊柱側(cè)彎和后凸角度的比較(±s,°)Table 1. Improvement of Cobb angle of scoliosis and kyphosis after operation(±s,°)

Time Preoperation Postoperation t value P value N6 6 Scoliosis 59.40±14.31 19.60±5.94 5.082 0.007 Kyphosis 62.40±21.04 25.80±10.87 5.584 0.005

討 論

先天性脊柱側(cè)彎和神經(jīng)肌肉型脊柱側(cè)彎均可合并椎管內(nèi)病變。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,先天性脊柱側(cè)彎患者術(shù)前MRI顯示椎管內(nèi)病變發(fā)生率為20%~58%,包括脊髓拴系、脊髓空洞癥、椎管內(nèi)脂肪瘤、畸胎瘤等[3,8]。椎管內(nèi)病變致神經(jīng)肌肉型脊柱側(cè)彎臨床并不少見(jiàn)[3,9?11],例如,脊髓空洞癥因空洞擴(kuò)張危害脊髓背內(nèi)側(cè)和腹內(nèi)側(cè)神經(jīng),影響控制軀干平衡的肌肉,導(dǎo)致脊柱側(cè)彎[12?13];脊髓拴系因拴系引起脊髓缺血,使感覺(jué)通路異常和椎旁肌肌力不對(duì)稱,導(dǎo)致脊柱側(cè)彎[13]。亦有觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,脊柱側(cè)彎可能是椎管內(nèi)病變的臨床表現(xiàn)之一[3,7]。

若不接受脊柱矯形術(shù),脊柱側(cè)彎可持續(xù)加重;此外,椎管內(nèi)病變也是脊柱側(cè)彎持續(xù)加重的危險(xiǎn)因素,隨著脊柱側(cè)彎加重和椎管內(nèi)病變進(jìn)展,神經(jīng)功能嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。因此,脊柱側(cè)彎合并椎管內(nèi)病變患者常需手術(shù)治療以控制側(cè)彎進(jìn)展、改善神經(jīng)功能。然而,在脊柱矯形術(shù)中,椎管內(nèi)病變可能使脊髓過(guò)度牽拉,造成神經(jīng)功能不可逆性損害[1,5?7]。為改善神經(jīng)功能并減少手術(shù)相關(guān)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)并發(fā)癥,經(jīng)典手術(shù)策略是先由神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)師處理椎管內(nèi)病變,3~6個(gè)月后再由骨科醫(yī)師行脊柱矯形術(shù)[1,3?5,7],該方法可以確保脊髓在脊柱矯形術(shù)中不因椎管內(nèi)病變而受過(guò)度牽拉,同時(shí)也能在再次手術(shù)后觀察患者神經(jīng)功能變化,以利于確認(rèn)術(shù)后并發(fā)癥原因。但該手術(shù)方法也存在一定缺陷:(1)患者將面臨多次手術(shù)和麻醉風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。(2)一期手術(shù)可以增加再次手術(shù)顯露難度,破壞解剖學(xué)標(biāo)記,從而給二期脊柱矯形術(shù)造成困難。(3)一期手術(shù)形成的粘連增加截骨矯形難度,也增加醫(yī)原性神經(jīng)功能損害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。另一方面,>40°的脊柱側(cè)彎在手術(shù)治療椎管內(nèi)病變后仍可能進(jìn)展,需進(jìn)一步矯形融合術(shù)[6,13]。

隨著神經(jīng)電生理學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,已經(jīng)能夠在術(shù)中處理椎管內(nèi)病變和脊柱側(cè)彎的同時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)神經(jīng)功能變化[7]。為避免分期手術(shù)的缺陷,近年來(lái)國(guó)外一些醫(yī)療中心開(kāi)始探索一期手術(shù)治療脊柱側(cè)彎合并椎管內(nèi)病變[1,6?7]。相較于經(jīng)典的分期手術(shù)策略,一期手術(shù)治療此類患者安全、有效,無(wú)明顯手術(shù)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥,手術(shù)時(shí)間和住院時(shí)間更短、術(shù)中出血量更少、脊柱矯形效果更好[1,6?7]。本研究一期手術(shù)治療脊柱側(cè)彎合并椎管內(nèi)病變的手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量和住院時(shí)間均與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道相一致[1,6];術(shù)后冠狀位側(cè)彎和矢狀位后凸顯著改善,無(wú)神經(jīng)功能缺損惡化,下肢肌力增高,排尿障礙改善,隨訪期間未出現(xiàn)矯形丟失。因此,對(duì)于脊柱側(cè)彎合并椎管內(nèi)病變的患者,推薦神經(jīng)電生理學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè)下行一期手術(shù)治療。

盡管脊柱畸形和多種椎管內(nèi)病變是先天性疾病,但其所引起的脊柱側(cè)彎和神經(jīng)功能缺損癥狀出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間卻相對(duì)較晚[1]。本組6例患者平均年齡(21.50± 10.37)歲,較 Mehta等[6]報(bào)告的9.6 歲和Hamzaoglu等[1]報(bào)告的13歲偏大。部分患者出現(xiàn)神經(jīng)功能障礙后未及時(shí)就診,而是在癥狀加重或經(jīng)濟(jì)條件改善后方就診,提示臨床癥狀和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素均可能推遲患者就診[1]。由于患者就診時(shí)間較晚,骨骼發(fā)育相對(duì)成熟,脊柱側(cè)彎僵硬(本研究Risser征2級(jí)1例、3級(jí)2例、5級(jí)3例),且先天性脊柱側(cè)彎患者常存在發(fā)育異常(本研究楔形椎1例、楔形椎合并分節(jié)不良1例、半椎體合并分節(jié)不良1例),使脊柱矯形術(shù)困難。對(duì)于僵硬性脊柱側(cè)彎、嚴(yán)重脊柱后凸患者,截骨矯形術(shù)可以獲得良好效果[14?16]。本研究均于術(shù)中在手術(shù)顯微鏡下行Schwab分級(jí)2級(jí)截骨,增加脊柱柔韌性,獲得更好的矯形效果;對(duì)于存在半椎體和分節(jié)不良的患者,進(jìn)一步行Schwab分級(jí)3或4級(jí)截骨以松解前柱并切除半椎體,術(shù)后冠狀位側(cè)凸角度改善(63.80±19.02)%、矢狀位后凸角度改善(58.80±12.56)%,獲得較好的矯形效果。

圖 1 男性患兒,17歲,臨床診斷為先天性脊柱側(cè)彎,脊髓拴系 1a 術(shù)前正位站立位X線顯示,胸彎和腰彎顯著(胸彎冠狀位側(cè)凸角為74°,腰彎冠狀位側(cè)凸角為55°),軀干經(jīng)代償基本平衡,肩部和骨盆傾斜,雙下肢不等長(zhǎng)(雙側(cè)股骨頭不在同一水平線上),T5~7和L1~2椎體分節(jié)不良(箭頭所示) 1b 術(shù)前CT三維重建顯示,T5~7和L1~2分節(jié)不良,可見(jiàn)T6楔形椎(箭頭所示)1c 術(shù)前矢狀位T1WI顯示,脊髓圓錐低位,位于L3~4椎體水平(箭頭所示) 1d 術(shù)前矢狀位T2WI顯示,脊髓圓錐低位,位于L3~4椎體水平(箭頭所示) 1e 術(shù)后(未穿戴鞋墊)正位站立位X線顯示,胸彎和腰彎矯形效果良好(胸彎冠狀位側(cè)凸角為25°,腰彎冠狀位側(cè)凸角為28°),肩部?jī)A斜改善,但骨盆傾斜仍存在(骨盆冠狀位參考線與水平參考線存在夾角),軀干矯形后失代償(C7鉛錘線與S1鉛錘線距離增大) 1f 術(shù)后正位站立位X線顯示,穿戴鞋墊使雙下肢接近等長(zhǎng)(雙側(cè)股骨頭接近同一水平線),骨盆傾斜糾正(骨盆冠狀位參考線與水平參考線夾角縮小),軀干平衡恢復(fù)(C7鉛錘線與S1鉛錘線距離縮短)Figure 1 A 17?year?old male was diagnosed as congenital scoliosis associated with tethered cord. Preoperative standing orthophoric X?ray showed severe thoracic curve(Cobb angle:74°)and lumbar curve (Cobb angle: 55°) with trunk shift compensated, shoulder and pelvic obliquity, leg length discrepancy(the difference between the higher and lower HRL of femoral head),and failure of segmentation of T5-7 and L1-2(arrows indicate,Panel 1a).Preoperative 3D?CT of spine showed failure of segmentation of T5-7 and L1-2 and wedged vertebrate of T6(arrows indicate,Panel 1b).Preoperative sagittal T1WI and T2WI showed a tethered spinal cord with a low?lying conus at the level of L 3-4(arrows indicate;Panel 1c,1d).Postoperative standing orthophoric X?ray(without shoe pad)showed scoliosis was corrected(Cobb angle:25°and 28°)and the shoulder obliquity was improved,but the pelvic obliquity remained(the angle between PCRL and HRL)and trunk shift was decompensated(the distance between C7PL and CSVL increased)due to leg length discrepancy(Panel 1e).Postoperative standing orthophoric X?ray(with shoe pad)showed leg length discrepancy was corrected(the difference between the higher and lower HRL of femoral head decreased)with pelvic obliquity corrected(the angle between PCRL and HRL decreased)and trunk shift compensated(the distance between C7PL and CSVL decreased,Panel 1f).

脊柱側(cè)彎常可以引起身體其他部位異常,包括雙肩不等高和骨盆不對(duì)稱等,這不僅改變脊柱局部解剖學(xué)形態(tài),也影響整個(gè)身體平衡和對(duì)稱,行脊柱矯形術(shù)時(shí)應(yīng)注意冠狀位和矢狀位的平衡。骨盆作為軀干力學(xué)支持基礎(chǔ),對(duì)脊柱平衡和能力代償起重要作用[17?18]。骨盆旋轉(zhuǎn)與腰彎之間存在相關(guān)性,也可以通過(guò)腰椎介導(dǎo)協(xié)同代償胸彎[17,19],行脊柱內(nèi)固定矯形術(shù)后,由于骨盆傾斜和旋轉(zhuǎn)失代償,可以出現(xiàn)不同程度軀干偏斜,盡管隨訪中骨盆可以出現(xiàn)再次代償最終達(dá)到平衡[20],但這種代償機(jī)制也受到脊柱柔韌性的制約,僵硬性脊柱側(cè)彎患者的代償能力有限。本研究患者脊柱側(cè)彎和后凸均較嚴(yán)重,導(dǎo)致骨盆不同程度旋轉(zhuǎn)和傾斜,其中3例腰彎和骨盆傾斜旋轉(zhuǎn)較嚴(yán)重,若融合腰彎,應(yīng)固定至S1甚至骨盆,腰部柔韌性和代償能力完全丟失,且矯形后骨盆失代償可以加重軀干偏斜,因此,術(shù)中并未完全融合腰彎,術(shù)后囑患者穿戴鞋墊以糾正骨盆傾斜,術(shù)后復(fù)查影像學(xué)顯示腰彎通過(guò)部分代償矯形效果滿意,且軀干未出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重偏斜。

綜上所述,采用一期手術(shù)治療脊柱側(cè)彎合并椎管內(nèi)病變安全、有效,通過(guò)截骨矯形術(shù)可以獲得良好效果,術(shù)后神經(jīng)功能改善,未出現(xiàn)手術(shù)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥。但是由于本研究樣本量較小且為回顧性研究,具有一定局限性。此外,矯形丟失和骨盆代償情況尚待長(zhǎng)期隨訪觀察。一期手術(shù)治療脊柱側(cè)彎合并椎管內(nèi)病變應(yīng)具備以下條件:(1)手術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì)具有同時(shí)處理椎管內(nèi)病變和脊柱側(cè)彎的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(2)術(shù)前制定詳細(xì)的手術(shù)計(jì)劃。(3)術(shù)中行神經(jīng)電生理學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè)。

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One stage surgical treatment for scoliosis associated with intraspinal abnormalities

WANG Kai,WU Hao,JIAN Feng?zeng
Department of Neurosurgery,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100053,China
Corresponding author:JIAN Feng?zeng(Email:fengzengjian@hotmail.com)

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of one stage surgical treatment for scoliosis and coexisting intraspinal abnormalities.MethodsThe data of 6 patients who underwent one stage surgical treatment for scoliosis and coexisting intraspinal abnormalities from October 2016 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Treatment for intraspinal abnormalities,posterior correction,osteotomy and internal fixation were performed simultaneously.The clinical and radiologic presentations,operative details,complications and postoperative outcomes were evaluated.ResultsThe success rate was 100%.The operating timewas(470.83±136.20)min and intraoperativebleedingamountwas1350(625,2150)ml.Total fusion segments were 11.00±2.76.Both Cobb angle of scoliosis[postoperation(19.60±5.94)°vs.preoperation(59.40±14.31)°,P=0.007]and kyphosis[postoperation(25.80 ± 10.87)°vs.preoperation(62.40 ± 21.04)°,P=0.005]were improved after operation.Tethered cords were released and epidermoid cyst,ganglioglioma and lipoma were excised.Syringomyelia was left untreated.No neurological functional defect or worsening was found.Muscle strength of all patients was improved.Muscular tone of 4 patients and difficulty in urination of 5 patients were also improved.The mean hospital stay was(8.83±3.31)d.No severe complications,such as infection,cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)leakage,failed internal fixation,fractured pedicle screws or rods occurred after operation.None of the patients died,or experienced deterioration of neurological function,delayed infection,pseudoarthrosis,or loss correction during the(7.50±1.22)months follow?up.ConclusionsThe one stage surgical treatment for scoliosis and intraspinal abnormalities seems to be a safe and effective approach.Neurological functional defect can be improved after operation.Osteotomy can improve correction result.

Scoliosis; Spinal cord diseases; Neurosurgical procedures

10.3969/j.issn.1672?6731.2017.09.011

100053北京,首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)宣武醫(yī)院神經(jīng)外科

菅鳳增(Email:fengzengjian@hotmail.com)

2017?08?10)

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