王文采

(中國科學(xué)院植物研究所系統(tǒng)與進化植物學(xué)國家重點實驗室，北京 100093)

蕁麻科冷水花屬5新種

王文采

(中國科學(xué)院植物研究所系統(tǒng)與進化植物學(xué)國家重點實驗室，北京 100093)

描述了自廣西和云南發(fā)現(xiàn)的蕁麻科冷水花屬5新種，龍舟冷水花，瀘水冷水花，隴瑞冷水花，小冷水花和元寶山冷水花，并給出其與近緣種的區(qū)別特征。

蕁麻科；冷水花屬；新種；中國南部

圖1 A～D.龍州冷水花：A.植株全形；B.托葉；C.雌花；D.雌蕊 E～H.瀘水冷水花：E.開花雌莖頂部；F.莖頂部一段，示散生的鱗片；G.雌聚散花序；H.雌花Fig.1 A-D.Pilea longzhouensis：A. Habit; B. Stipule; C. Pistillate flower; D. Pistil.(from holotype) E-H. P.lushuiensis：E. Apical part of flowering pistillate stem; F. A portion of apical stem,showing the scattered scales; G. Pistillate cyme; H. Pistillate flower.(from holotype)

龍州冷水花 圖1:A-D

PilealongzhouensisW.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig.1:A-D

(Sect.TetrameresC.J.Chen ser.BasicordataeC.J.Chen)

Species nova haec est affinisP.basicordataeW.T.Wang ex C.J.Chen, quae foliorum laminis basi cordatis vel profunde cordatis, stipulis longitudinaliter 7-8-nervibus, tepalis pistillatis 2-plo brevioribus 0.5 mm longis ovato-oblongis, ovario oblongo, stigmatis penicillati pilis liberis differt.

Small perennial herb, dioecious. Stem ca. 1.4 cm tall, at base ca. 2 mm across, glabrous, simple. Leaves ca. 3 pairs conferted on apex of stem, long petiolate, glabrous; blades papery, elliptic or obovate, 5.5-8×3-4.2 cm, apex shortly acuminate or shortly cuspidate, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, sometimes minutely auriculate, margin entire; nervation triherved, with basal nerves adaxially flat, abaxially slightly prominent and with ca. 3 pairs of inconspicuous lateral nerves; cystoliths very dense, very conspicuous, bacilliform or fusiform, 0.2-0.3 mm long; petioles 4.5-7.5 cm long; stipules white, oblong, 1.2-2.4×0.32-0.6 cm, with 2 longitudinal nerves, apex rounded-obtuse. Staminate cymes and staminate flowers unknown. Pistillate cyme axillary, racemiform, ca. 6 cm long; peduncle ca. 6 cm long, glabrous; bracts membranous, navicular or triangular, 1.2-1.8×0.8-1 mm, glabrous or above sparsely ciliolate. Pistillate flower ca. 1.2 mm in diam.: pedicel robust, ca. 1.8×0.5 mm, glabrous; tepals 4, carnose, deltoid, ca. 1×0.8 mm, glabrous; staminodes wanting; pistil ca. 1.3 mm long; ovary black, broadly ovoid, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous; stigma subturbinate (the subturbinate body is resulted from the fusion of the stigmatic hairs).

廣西(Guangxi)：龍州縣，鴨溪(Longzhou Xian,Yaxi),alt. 300 m,石灰?guī)r山(in limestone hill),1966-04-??，鄭慧瑩，陳偉烈等，無號(Zheng Huiying,Chen Weilie et al. sine num.)(♀,holotype,PE).

本種在親緣關(guān)系方面與基心葉冷水花PileabasicordataW.T.Wang ex C.J.Chen甚為接近，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的葉片基部近圓形、寬楔形或不明顯耳形，托葉具2條縱脈，雌花被片較大，長1 mm，正三角形，子房寬卵球形，柱頭近陀螺狀(近陀螺狀體系由柱頭毛發(fā)生愈合而形成)。在基心葉冷水花，葉片基部心形或深心形，托葉具7～8條縱脈，雌花被片較短2倍，長0.5 mm，卵狀長圓形，子房呈長圓形，畫筆頭狀的柱頭的毛離生[1～2]。

瀘水冷水花 圖1：E-H

PilealushuiensisW.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig.1: E-H

(Sect.TetrameresC.J.Chen ser.SpinulosaeC.J.Chen)

Species nova haec est affinisP.dolichocarpaeC.J.Chen, quae caulibus squamis carentibus, foliorum laminis glabris, stipulis majoribus oblongis 6-7 mm longis, cymis pistillatis glabris et squamis carentibus, tepalis pistillatis prope apicem breviter corniculatis facile distinguitur.

Perennial herbs. Stems ca. 30 cm tall, above base ca. 2.5 mm across, glabrous, near apex sparsely squamate (scales suborbicular, ca. 0.1 mm in diam.), simple or 1-branched. Leaves opposite, petiolate, those of the same pair slightly unequal in size, the larger one with longer petiole and the smaller one with shorter petiole; blades papery, oblong-lanceolate or oblong, 6-12×1.6-3.4 cm, apex attenuate or shortly caudate, base broadly cuneate or obtuse, margin densely multi-denticulate; surfaces adaxially glabrous, abaxially on basal nerves sparsely puberulous, fast glabrescent; nervation trinerved, with basal nerves adaxially nearly flat, abaxially slightly prominent, and with ca. 15 pairs of lateral nerves; cystoliths dense, punctiform or shortly bacilliform, 0.05-0.15 mm long; petioles 0.7-2.1 cm long, glabrous or near apex with a few short hairs; stipules triangular or subulate, 0.8-1 mm long, glabrous. Pistillate cymes singly axillary, shortly pedunculate, 4-10 mm broad, three times branched, on branches with sparse hairs and small scales, and on branch apexes with dense pistillate flowers; bracts brown, narrowly ovate or linear, 0.4-0.8 mm long, glabrous. Pistillate flower shortly pedicellate or sessile: tepals 4, glabrous, unequal in size, at base connate, the larger one oblong, ca. 0.5 mm long, and the other three smaller ones linear, 0.3-0.4 mm long; ovary ellipsoidal, 0.4-0.5 mm long, glabrous; stigma penicillate, ca. 0.1 mm long.

云南(Yunnan):瀘水縣，片馬鄉(xiāng)(Lushui Xian,Pianma Xiang),ca. 13 km N of Pianma on the road Ganfang,W side of Gaoligong Shan, alt.. 2 150 m. Perennial herb, frequent. Flowers greenish. Growing along trail in shade, wet place. 2005-05-13. Gaoligong Shan Biodiversitly Survey 24057 (♀,holotype,PE).

本種在親緣關(guān)系方面接近瘤果冷水花PileadolichocarpaC.J.Chen，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的莖在近頂端部分具小鱗片，葉片下面在基出脈上疏被短柔毛，托葉較小，長0.5～1 mm，呈三角形或鉆形，雌聚傘花序的分枝疏被短柔毛和小鱗片，雌花被片無任何突起。在瘤果冷水花，莖無鱗片，葉片無毛，托葉較大，長6～7 mm，呈長圓形，雌聚傘花序無毛，也無鱗片，雌花被片近頂端具短角狀突起[1～2]。

本種模式標(biāo)本(為雌株)的莖具稀疏小鱗片，因而與也具此特征的少鱗冷水花PileasquamosaC.J.Chen var.sparsaC.J.Chen(于Bull.Bot.Res.Harbin 2(3):73. 1982. Holotype:云南，瀘水，西貢，1960-04-15，南水北調(diào)隊8174，存PE，為雄株)相似，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的葉片呈長圓形，葉柄較短，長達2.1 cm；在少鱗冷水花，葉片呈橢圓形，葉柄較長，長達7 cm。此二模式標(biāo)本均采自瀘水縣境內(nèi)，因此有可能“南水北調(diào)隊8147”是本種的雄株，但此問題須在上述葉片形態(tài)和葉柄長度二特征的變異幅度得到了解之后方能確定。

隴瑞冷水花 圖2：A-D

PilealongruiensisW.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig.2:A-D

(Sect.UrticellaMiq. ser.MoniliferaeC.J.Chen)

Ob cymae rhachim laxe breviterque ramosam et ad ramulos flores pistillatos dense fasciculatos, florem pistillatum tepalis 3 praeditum species nova haec ad Sect.UrticellamMiq. ser.MoniliferasC.J.Chen pertinet, et in hac serie aP.moniliferaHand.-Mazz. foliorum laminis coriaceis oblongis margine integris glabris, acheniis minoribus ca. 0.8 mm longis laevibus abhorret.

Perennial herb. Stem robust, ca. 30 cm tall, above base ca. 5 mm across, glabrous, simple. Leaves opposite, those of the same pair slightly unequal in size, glabrous; blades coriaceous, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, rarely obovate-oblong, 7-15×1.6-3.2 cm, apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate, base inconspicuously subauriculate, margin entire; nervation trinerved, with basal nerves adaxially slightly impressed, abaxially prominent, and with 4 pairs of incospicuous lateral nerves; cystoliths very dense, conspicuous, bacilliform, 0.1-0.5 mm long; petioles 0.4-3.5 cm long; stipules coriaceous, narrowly triangular, 1-2 mm long. Staminate cymes and staminate flowers unknown. Pistillate cymes singly borne in axils of apical leaves, ca. 3 cm long, glabrous; peduncles ca. 7 mm long; rachis ca. 3.5 cm long, sparsely and shortly branched, on branchlets with dense flower fascicles 1-2 mm in diam.; bracts triangular or navicular, ca. 0.6 mm long, glabrous. Pistillate flower sessile or subsessile; tepals 3, nearly equal or unequal in size, lanceolate-linear or triangular, 0.1-0.4 mm long, glabrous; ovary narrowly ovoid, ca. 0.45 mm long, glabrous; stigma penicillate, ca. 0.2 mm long. Achenes brown, biconvex, ovate or narrowly ovate, ca. 0.8 mm long, densely verruculose.

圖2 A-D.龍瑞冷水花：A.開花雌莖頂部；B.雌聚散花序；C.雌花；D.瘦果和宿存花被 E-H.小冷水花：E.植株全形；F.雄花蕾；G.雄花；H.雌聚散花序 I-K.元寶山冷水花：I.植株全形；J.二腋生雌聚散花序；K.苞片和雌花Fig.2 A-D.Pilea longruiensis:A. Apical part of flowering pistillate stem; B. Pistillate cyme; C. Pistillate flower; D. Achene,with persistent perianth(from holotype) E-H. P.minima:E. Habit; F. Staminate flower bud; G. Staminate flower; H. Pistillate cyme(from holotype) I-K. P.yuanbaoshanica: I. Habit; J. Two axillary pistillate cymes; K. Bract and pistillate flower.(all from holotype)

廣西(Guangxi)：寧明縣，隴瑞自然保護區(qū)(Ningming Xian,Longrui nature reserve),alt. 250 m，花綠白色(fls. green-white),2008-05-25，中植聯(lián)廣西隊(Guangxi Exped.Inst.Bot.)1122(♀,holotype,PE)。

本種的雌聚傘花序的花序軸具稀疏短分枝，在分枝上簇生密集的雌花，雌花具3枚花被片，根據(jù)這些特征本種應(yīng)隸屬冷水花屬的三萼組念珠冷水花系Sect.UrticellaMiq. ser.MoniliferaeC.J.Chen，在此系中，本種與此系的代表種念珠冷水花PileamoniliferaHand.-Mazz.的區(qū)別在于本種的葉片革質(zhì)，長圓形，邊緣全緣，無毛，瘦果較小，長約0.8 mm，有密集的小疣點。在念珠冷水花，葉片薄紙質(zhì)，橢圓形或卵狀橢圓形，邊緣有小牙齒，上面疏被硬毛，瘦果較大，長約1.8 mm，表面光滑，無疣點[1～2]。

小冷水花 圖2：E-H

PileaminimaW.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig.2: E-H

(Sect.UrticellaMiq. ser.CavalerianaeC.J.Chen)

Species nova haec est affinisP.cavalerieiLévl., quae caulibus usque ad 30 cm altis 1.5-2.5 mm crassis ramosis, foliorum laminis usque ad 2 cm longis 1.8 cm latis, cymis staminatis sessilibus dense multi-floris, cymis pistillatis saepe bis vel ter ramosis multi-floris, floribus saepe pedicellatis differt. Etiam habitu ea est similisP.microcardiaeHand.-Mazz., quae foliorum laminis cordatis majoribus usque ad 15 mm longis 14 mm latis, cymis pistillatis ramosis multi-floris florum fasciculos multos ferentibus recedit.

Small annual herbs, monoecious or dioecious. Stems slender, 2-6 cm tall, 0.2-0.5 mm across, glabrous, simple, 2-3-nodose. Leaves 2-3 pairs conferted at apical part of stem, glabrous, those of the same pair slightly unequal in size, the larger one with longer petiole, the smaller one with shorter petiole; blades membranous, broadly ovate or orbicular-ovate, 2-11×2-9 mm, apex obtuse or rounded, base subcordate or rounded, margin sparsely denticulate, crenate, undulate or entire; nervation trinerved, with basal nerves and 2 pairs of lateral nerves all flat and inconspicuous; cystoliths slightly dense, bacilliform, 0.2-0.4 mm long; petioles 0-12 mm long; stipules triangular or narrowly ovate, ca. 0.5 mm long. Staminate cymes singly axillary, pedunculate, 2-4-flowered; peduncles slender, 1-12 mm long, glabrous; bracts triangular or linear, 0.25-0.4 mm long, glabrous. Staminate flower glabrous: pedicel 0.3-1.8 mm long; tepal 4, green, quadrate-ovate, ca. 1 mm long, at base connate, abaxially below apex with a short projection; stamens 4, white. Pistillate cymes singly in axils of apical leaves, 3-4-flowered; peduncles robust, 0.7-1 mm long, glabrous; bracts narrowly ovate, ca. 0.3 mm long, glabrous. Pistillate flower sessile: tepals 3, unequal in size, glabrous, the larger one green, navicular, ca. 0.4 mm long, the two smaller ones whitish, ovate or linear, 0.2-0.3 mm long; ovary greenish, narrowly ellipsoidal, ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous; stigma penicillate, 0.2-0.3 mm long, with thick hairs.

云南(Yunnan)：漾濞縣，漾濞江鄉(xiāng)，大花園(Yangbi Xian,Yangbi Xiang,Dahuayuan),alt. 3 400 m，石縫中(in stone crevices)，草本高4 cm，花綠白色(herbs 4 cm tall,fls. greenish-white)，2009-07-15，金效華，劉冰，劉博，權(quán)旭，蘇俊霞，鐘軼(Jin Xiaohua,Liu Bing,Liu Bo,Quan Xu,Su Zunxia & Zhong Yi)YN-ET1391(holotype,PE)。

本種在親緣關(guān)系方面與波緣冷水花PileacavalerieiLével.相近，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的莖低矮，高2～6 cm，粗0.2～0.5 mm，不分枝，葉片較小，長2～11 mm，寬2～9 mm，雄聚傘花序具細花序梗，有2～4花，雌聚傘花序不分枝，有3～4花，花無梗。在波緣冷水花，莖高達30 cm，粗1.5～2.5 mm，多分枝，葉片長達2 cm，寬達1.8 cm，雄聚傘花序無花序梗，具密集的多數(shù)花，雌花序常2～3回分枝，具多數(shù)花，花通常具梗[1～2]。

元寶山冷水花 圖2：I-K

PileayuanbaoshanicaW.T.Wang, sp. nov. Fig.2:I-K

(Sect.urticellaMiq. ? ser.PumilaC.J.Chen)

Ob herbas parvas, foliorum laminas orbiculari-ovatas, cystolithos minutos, stipulas cordatas et florem pistillatum tepalis 3 magnitudine valde inaequalibus praeditum species nova haec est fortasse affinisP.paucifloraeC.J.Chen, quae foliorum laminis margine rotundato-crenatis supra pilis brevioribus 0.2-0.5 mm longis obtectis, cymis pistillatis singulariter axillaribus sessilibus haud ramosis ca. 5-floris, floribus pistillatis dense fasciculatis, floris pistillati tepalo centrali naviculari dorso infra apicem 1-corniculato, tepalis lateralibus triangularibus recedit.

Small perennial herbs. Stems 4-6 caespitose, ercct or ascending, 3-6.5 cm tall, above base 0.5-1 mm across, glabrous, simple. Leaves opposite, in those of the same pair often one with longer petiole and the another one with shorter petiole; blades papery, orbicular-ovate, suborbicular or broadly obovate, 0.5-2.5×0.3-1.8 cm, apex rounded, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margin obtusely crenate; surfaces adaxially covered with white semi-hyaline appressed hairs 0.6-1.5 mm long, abaxially glabrous; nervation trinerved, with basal nerves adaxially flat, abaxially prominent, and with 2-3 pairs of lateral nerves; cystoliths dense, inconspicuous, minutely punctiform; petioles 4-14 mm long, glabrous; stipules membranous, cordate, ca. 2.2×3.5 mm, glabrous. Staminate cymes and staminate flowers unknown. Pistillate cymes in pair axillary, ca. 1.5 mm long, two times branched, ca. densely 10-flowered; peduncles ca. 2 mm long, glabrous; bracts triangular or linear, 0.2-0.4 mm long, glabrous. Pistillate flower: pedicel 0.2-0.5 mm long, glabrous; tepals 3, strongly unequal in size, glabrous, the middle one larger, lanceolate-linear, ca. 0.45 mm long, the two lateral ones very small, suborbicular or orbicular-ovate, ca. 0.08 mm in diam.; pistil ca. 0.7 mm long; ovary oblong, ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous; stigma penicillate, ca. 0.2 mm long.

廣西(Guangxi)：融水縣，元寶山，白坪至白虎口(Rongshui Xian,Yuanbaoshan,on the way from Baiping to Baihukou),alt. 1 900 m，山坡疏林中(in sparse forest on slope),2005-05-14，劉演，覃海寧，于勝祥，孟繁華等(Liu Yan,Qin Haining,Yu Shengxiang,Meng Fanhua et al.)Y1101(♀,holotype,PE)；同地(same locality)，白坪之上，自藍坪至老虎口途中(above Baiping,on the way from Lanping to Lauhukou),alt. 2 000 m，山坡密林(in dense forest on slope),2005-05-13，劉演，覃海寧，于勝祥，孟繁華等Y1073(veg.,PE)。

本種為低矮小草本，葉片圓卵形，具小鐘乳體，托葉心形，雌花的3枚花被片在大小方面極不相等，與也具上述特征的少花冷水花PileapaucifloraC.J.Chen可能有親緣關(guān)系，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的葉片邊緣具鈍淺齒，在腹面(上面)被長0.6～1.5 mm的白色半透明貼伏毛，雌聚傘花序成對腋生，具細長花序梗，約2回分枝，具10花，雌花的中央花被片披針狀條形，不呈船型，背面頂端之下無突起，2側(cè)生花被片近圓形或圓卵形。在少花冷水花，葉片邊緣具圓齒，在腹面被長0.2～0.5 mm，不半透明的較短毛，雌聚傘花序單生葉腋，無花序梗，不分枝，具約5朵密集簇生的雌花，雌花的中央花被片呈船型，背面頂端之下具1角狀突起，2側(cè)生花被片呈三角形[1～2]。

致謝深切感謝孫英寶先生為本文繪圖。

1.陳家瑞.Pilea.于中國植物志[M].北京：科學(xué)出版社,1995,23(2):57-156.

Chen C J.Pilea.Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae[M].Beijing:Science Press,1995,23(2):57-156.

2.Chen C J,Monro A K.Pilea[M].//Wu Z Y,Raven P H,et al.Flora of China.Beijing:Science Press; St. Louis:Missouri Botanical Garden Press,2003,5:92-121.

date:2017-02-28

FiveNewSpeciesoftheGenusPilea(Urticaceae)fromSouthernChina

WANG Wen-Tsai

(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093)

Five species of the genusPilea(Urticaceae),P.longzhouensis,P.lushuiensis,P.longruiensis,P.minimaandP.yuanbaoshanica, are described as new from southern China. The diagnostic differences between them and their allies are given respectively.

Urticaceae;Pilea;new species;southern China

王文采(1926—)，男，研究員，中國科學(xué)院院士，主要從事有花植物分類學(xué)研究。

2017-02-28

Author introduction：WANG Wen-Tsai(1926—),male,senior scientist,Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences,major in flowering plant taxonomy.

Q949.737.5

A

10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2017.06.001